List of the prehistoric life of Virginia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This list of the prehistoric life of Virginia contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of Virginia.

Precambrian[]

The Paleobiology Database records no known occurrences of Precambrian fossils in Virginia.

Paleozoic[]

Main article: List of the Paleozoic life of Virginia

Selected Paleozoic taxa of Virginia[]

  • †Acmarhachis
  • †Amplexopora
  • †Ampyx
  • Fossils of the Carboniferous-Permian bryozoan Archimedes
    †Archimedes
  • †Arthrorhachis
  • †Athyris
    • †Athyris lamellosa
  • †Atrypa
  • †Aulopora
  • †Aviculopecten
  • †Bassleroceras
  • †Bellerophon
    • †Bellerophon spergensis – tentative report
  • †Bimuria
  • †Blountiella
  • Life restoration of the Late Devonian placoderm fish Bothriolepis
    †Bothriolepis
  • †Bumastus
    • †Bumastus lioderma – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Callixylon
  • †Calymene
  • †Calyptaulax
  • †Camarotoechia
    • †Camarotoechia contracta
  • †Campbelloceras
  • †Cardiopteris
  • †Ceratocephala
  • †Ceratopsis
  • †Ceraurinella – type locality for genus
  • †Ceraurus
  • †Chasmatopora
  • †Chonetes
    • †Chonetes chesterensis
    • †Chonetes novascoticus
  • †Christiania
  • Assemblage of fossilized shells of the Ordovician brachiopod Cincinnetina
    †Cincinnetina
    • †Cincinnetina meeki
    • †Cincinnetina multisecta
  • †Clarkoceras – tentative report
  • †Cleiothyridina
    • †Cleiothyridina sublamellosa – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Climacograptus
  • †Coleoloides
  • †Columnaria
  • †Composita
    • †Composita subquadrata – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Conocardium
  • †Constellaria
  • †Coosia
  • †Coosina
  • †Cornulites
    • †Cornulites flexuosus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Craniops
  • †Crepicephalus
  • †Cryptophragmus
  • Restoration of the Cambrian-Middle Devonian nautiloid cephalopod Cyrtoceras
    †Cyrtoceras
  • †Cyrtospirifer
  • †Cystodictya
    • †Cystodictya lineata
  • †Dakeoceras
  • †Dalmanites – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Diplograptus
  • †Echinosphaerites
  • †
  • †Encrinuroides
  • †Eophacops
  • †Epiphyton
  • Illustration with inset cross-section diagrams of the Cambrian sponge Ethmophyllum
    †Ethmophyllum
  • †Favosites
  • †Fletcheria – tentative report
  • †Flexicalymene
    • †Flexicalymene senaria
  • †Foerstia
  • †Girvanella
  • †Glauconome
  • †Gonioceras
  • †Hallopora
  • †Helcionella
  • †Heliomeroides
  • †Hemithecella – type locality for genus
  • †Holia
  • †Holopea
  • †Homagnostus
  • †Hyolithellus
  • †Hyolithes
  • †Hypseloconus
  • †Illaenus
  • Fossil of the Middle-Late Ordovician giant trilobite Isotelus.
    †Isotelus
    • †Isotelus maximus
  • †Kingstonia
  • †Kionoceras
  • †Komaspidella
  • †Kootenia
  • †Krausella
  • †Kutorgina
  • †Labyrinthus
  • †Latouchella
  • Restoration of the Carboniferous-Late Triassic club moss relative Lepidodendron. (1911).
    †Lepidodendron
  • †Levisoceras
  • Lingula
  • †Lingulella – tentative report
  • †Llanoaspis
  • †Lonchodomas
  • †Maryvillia
  • †Meteoraspis
  • †Michelinoceras
  • †Microplasma
  • †Miraspis
  • †Naticopsis
  • †Niobe
  • †Nisusia
  • Nucula
  • †Odontopleura
  • †Olenellus
  • †Olenoides
  • †Orthoceras
  • †Oulodus
  • †Ozarkodina
  • †Pagetia
  • †Paractinoceras
  • †Paterina
  • †Pemphigaspis
  • Fossilized theca of the Carboniferous blastoid echinoderm ("sea bud") Pentremites
    †Pentremites
  • †Phillipsia
  • †Phragmolites
  • †Phylloporina
  • Pinna
  • †Plaesiomys
  • †Platyceras
  • †Platystrophia
  • †Plectoceras
  • †Posidonia
  • †Proetus
  • †Protobarinophyton
  • †Raymondaspis
  • Fossil of the Early Ordovician-Permian benthic alga Receptaculites
    †Receptaculites
  • †Remopleurides
  • †Rhodea
  • †Rothpletzella
  • †Salterella
  • †Siphonodella
  • †Skenidioides
  • Solemya
  • †Solenopora
    • †Solenopora compacta
  • †Sowerbyella
  • †Spathognathodus
  • †Sphaerexochus
  • †Sphaerocoryphe
  • †Spirifer
  • †Spyroceras
  • †Strophomena
    • †Strophomena filitexta
    • †Strophomena incurvata
  • †Subligaculum
  • †Subulites
  • †Syringopora
  • Assemblage of fossilized shells of the Early Ordovician-Late Devonian probable mollusc Tentaculites
    †Tentaculites
  • †Terranovella
  • †Tetradium
  • †Tricrepicephalus
  • †Trinodus
  • Trypanites
  • †Wilkingia

Mesozoic[]

  • † – or unidentified comparable form
    • †
  • †
    • †
  • †Agrestipus – type locality for genus
    • † – type locality for species
  • †
    • †
  • †Amblydactylus
    • †
  • †Anchisauripus
    • †
  • Fossil (right) of the Early Jurassic dinosaur footprint ichnogenus Anomoepus
    †Anomoepus
  • † – type locality for genus
    • † – type locality for species
  • † Aquia – type locality for genus
  • † Aquia
    • † – type locality for species
  • Aralia
    • †
  • †
    • †
  • †Araucarites
    • †
  • †
    • †
    • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Athrotaxis
    • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
  • †Atreipus
    • †
  • †
    • †
  • †Boreogomphodon – type locality for genus
    • †Boreogomphodon jeffersoni – type locality for species
  • †Brachyphyllum
    • †
  • †Brenneria – type locality for genus
    • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for genus
    • † – type locality for species
  • Fossil of the sauropod dinosaur footprint ichnogenus Brontopodus
    †Brontopodus
    • †
  • †Caririchnium
    • †
  • † – type locality for genus
    • † – type locality for species
  • †Chirotherium
    • †Chirotherium lulli
    • †
  • Cladophlebis
    • †
    • †Cladophlebis constricta
    • †
  • †
  • †
    • †
  • †
    • †
  • †Crudia
    • † – type locality for species
  • †
    • †
  • †
    • †
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    • †
  • †
    • †
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    • †
  • †
    • †
  • †
    • †
    • † – type locality for species
  • Dicranopteris
  • †
  • †
  • †
    • †
  • †Diplurus
  • Life restoration of the Late Triassic reptile Doswellia
    †Doswellia – type locality for genus
    • †Doswellia kaltenbachi – type locality for species
  • †Drewria
  • †
    • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • † – or unidentified related form
  • †Equisetites
    • †
    • †
    • †
  • †Equisetum
    • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
    • †
  • Fossils of the large theropod dinosaur footprint ichnogenus Eubrontes
    †Eubrontes
    • †
    • †Eubrontes giganteus
  • †Eucommiidites
  • †Euscolosuchus – type locality for genus
    • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
    • †
  • †
    • †
  • † – type locality for genus
    • † – type locality for species
  • Negative footprint of G. cuneatus showing skin impressions
    †Grallator
    • †
    • †
  • †Gregaripus
  • †Gwyneddichnium
    • †
  • †Gypsichnites
    • †
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    • †
  • †Kayentapus
    • †
  • † – or unidentified related form
  • †
    • †
  • †Landonia
    • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
    • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
    • †
  • Electron micrograph of fossilized teeth from the Early Jurassic-Early Cretaceous freshwater shark Lissodus
    †Lissodus
  • †
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  • †Megalosauropus
  • †
    • †
  • †
    • †
  • †
    • †
  • †
    • † – type locality for species
    • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Neocalamites
    • † – or unidentified comparable form
    • †
    • †
  • †Onychopsis
    • †
  • †Ornithomimipus
    • †
  • Fossil of the Permian-Late Cretaceous fern Osmundites
    †Osmundites
    • †
  • †
    • †
  • † – or unidentified related form
  • †
    • †
  • †
  • †Pecopteris
    • †
  • †Phlebopteris
    • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
    • †
  • †
    • † – type locality for species
  • †
    • †
  • †Plesiornis
    • †
  • †
    • †
  • †Podozamites
    • †
    • †
    • †
  • †
    • †
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    • †
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    • †
  • †
    • †
  • †
  • †
    • † – type locality for species
    • †
  • †
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  • †Pterophyllum
    • †
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    • †
    • †
  • †Ptycholepis
    • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for genus.[1]
    • † – type locality for species[1]
  • Life restoration of the Late Triassic phytosaur Rutiodon
    †Rutiodon
    • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Sagenopteris
    • †
  • †Sanmiguelia – tentative report
  • †Sapindopsis
    • † – informal
    • † – type locality for species
    • †
  • Sassafras
    • †
  • Fossilized leaf of the Late Cretaceous ginkgo relative Sphenobaiera
    †Sphenobaiera
    • †
  • †Sphenolepis
    • †
  • †Sphenopteris
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  • Ripe fruit capsule and seeds of a living Sterculia, or tropical chestnut
    Sterculia
    • †
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  • †Tetrapodosaurus
    • †
  • †Thodaya – type locality for genus.[1] Preoccupied.
    • † – type locality for species[1]
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  • †Uatchitodon – type locality for genus
    • † – type locality for species
  • †
    • †
  • †
    • †
    • †
  • †
    • †
  • † – type locality for genus
    • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for genus
    • † – type locality for species
    • †
    • †
    • †
    • †
    • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for genus
    • † – type locality for species
  • †
    • †
    • †
  • Fossil of the Early Triassic-Eocene cycad-like frond Zamites
    †Zamites
    • †
    • †Zamites powellii

Cenozoic[]

Main article: List of the Cenozoic life of Virginia

Selected Cenozoic taxa of Virginia[]

  • Abies
  • †Abra
  • Acanthocybium
  • Accipiter
    • Living adult (center) and chick (lower right) Accipiter striatus, or sharp-shinned hawks
      †Accipiter striatus
  • Acipenser
  • Acmaea
  • Acteocina
  • Acteon
  • †Actinocyclus
  • Actitis – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Actitis macularia
  • †Adeorbis
  • Aegolius
    • †Aegolius acadicus
  • Aequipecten
  • Aetobatus
  • Aetomylaeus
  • Agelaius
    • †Agelaius phoeniceus
  • Fossilized skull of the Miocene baleen whale Aglaocetus
    †Aglaocetus
  • †Aglyptorhynchus
  • Albula
  • Alca
    • †Alca torda – or unidentified comparable form
  • Alces – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Alces alces
  • Fossilized skeleton of the Eocene pig-nosed turtle Allaeochelys
    †Allaeochelys
  • Alnus
  • Alopias
  • Aluterus
  • †Ambystoma
  • Amia
  • Ammonia
    • †Ammonia tepida
  • †
  • †Ampelopsis
  • Amyda – or unidentified comparable form
  • Anachis
  • Anadara
  • Anas
    • †Anas crecca
    • †Anas discors
    • †Anas platyrhynchos – or unidentified comparable form
  • Anguilla
  • †Anguispira
  • Angulus
  • Anomia
  • †Anomotodon
  • A living Anoxypristis cuspidata, or knifetooth sawfish
    Anoxypristis
  • †Anthus – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Anthus spinoletta
  • Aporrhais
  • Arbacia
  • †Archaeohippus
  • †Archaeomanta
  • Architectonica
  • Restoration of an Arctodus, or short-faced bear, with a human to scale
    †Arctodus
    • †Arctodus simus
  • Argobuccinum
  • Argopecten
    • †Argopecten gibbus
  • Arius – tentative report
  • Asio
    • †Asio flammeus – or unidentified comparable form
  • Astarte
  • Astrangia
    • †Astrangia danae
  • Astyris
    • †Astyris lunata
  • Athleta
  • Balaena
  • Balaenoptera
  • Fossilized vertebrae of the Pliocene baleen whale Balaenotus
    †Balaenotus
  • Balanophyllia
  • Balanus
    • †Balanus improvisus
  • Barbatia
  • Barnea
  • Bartramia
    • †Bartramia longicauda
  • †Basilotritus
  • Betula
  • Bison
    • †Bison bison
  • Bittiolum
    • †Bittiolum alternatum
  • Blarina
    • †Blarina brevicauda
  • ��Bohaskaia – type locality for genus
    • †Bohaskaia monodontoides – type locality for species
  • †Bolcyrus – or unidentified comparable form
  • Bombycilla
    • †Bombycilla cedrorum
  • Bonasa
    • †Bonasa umbellus
  • †Bootherium
    • Fossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene-Holocene bovid Bootherium bombifrons, or Harlan's musk ox.
      †Bootherium bombifrons
  • Boreotrophon
  • Bos
    • †Bos taurus
  • Bostrycapulus
    • †Bostrycapulus aculeatus
  • Botaurus
    • †Botaurus lentiginosus
  • Brachidontes
  • Branta
    • †Branta bernicla
  • †Brevoortia
  • †Brychaetus
  • Bubo
    • A living Bubo virginianus, or great horned owl
      †Bubo virginianus
  • Buccella
  • Buccinum
    • †Buccinum undatum
  • Bucephala
    • †Bucephala albeola
  • Bufo
    • †Bufo woodhousei
  • †Burnhamia
  • Busycon
    • †Busycon carica
    • †Busycon contrarium
  • Busycotypus
    • †Busycotypus canaliculatus
  • Buteo
    • A living Buteo jamaicensis, or red-tailed hawk
      †Buteo jamaicensis
    • †Buteo lineatus
    • †Buteo platypterus
  • Cadulus
  • Caecum
    • †Caecum cooperi
  • Caestocorbula
  • †Calippus
  • Calliostoma
  • †Callippus
  • Callista
  • Calonectris
  • Cambarus
    • †Cambarus bartonii – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Canarium
  • Cancellaria
  • Cancer
    • †Cancer irroratus
  • Canis
    • Skeletons look identical
      Modern mounted skeleton of Canis lupus, the grey wolf, to scale with a fossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene wolf Canis dirus, or dire wolf
      †Canis dirus
    • †Canis latrans
    • †Canis lupus – or unidentified comparable form
  • Cantharus
  • Canthon
  • Capella
    • †Capella gallinago
  • Carcharhinus
  • Carcharias
  • Carcharodon
    • †Carcharodon hastalis
  • Carditamera
  • †Carolinochelys
    • †Carolinochelys wilsoni
  • Carphophis
    • †Carphophis amoenus
  • Carya
  • Castor
    • †Castor canadensis
  • Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Pleistocene giant beaver Castoroides
    †Castoroides
    • †Castoroides ohioensis
  • Catharus
  • †Catinella
  • Catoptrophorus
    • †Catoptrophorus semipalmatus
  • †Catostomus
  • Celtis
    • †Celtis occidentalis
  • Cerithiopsis
  • Certhia
    • †Certhia familiaris
  • †Cervalces – tentative report
    • †Cervalces scotti
  • Cervus
    • †Cervus elaphus
  • Cetorhinus
  • Life restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene whale Cetotherium
    †Cetotherium
  • Chaetura
    • †Chaetura pelagica
  • Chama
  • Charadrius
    • †Charadrius vociferus
  • Chelydra
    • †Chelydra serpentina
  • †Chesapecten
    • Shells of the Pliocene scallop Chesapecten jeffersonius
      †Chesapecten jeffersonius
  • Chione
    • †Chione cancellata
  • Chlamys
  • †Chordeiles
    • †Chordeiles minor
  • Cibicides
  • Cingula
  • Circulus
  • Cirsotrema
  • Cistothorus
    • †Cistothorus platensis – or unidentified comparable form
  • Clavus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
  • Clethrionomys
    • †Clethrionomys gapperi
  • A living Cliona sponge
    Cliona
  • Coccyzus
  • Colaptes
    • †Colaptes auratus
  • Colinus
    • †Colinus virginianus
  • Coluber
    • †Coluber constrictor
  • †Columella
  • Colus
    • †Colus pygmaeus
  • Condylura
    • †Condylura cristata
  • Contopus
    • †Contopus virens
  • Conus
  • Shell of a Corbula basket clam
    Corbula
  • Corvus
    • †Corvus brachyrhynchos
  • Cotonopsis
    • †Cotonopsis lafresnayi
  • †Coupatezia
  • Crassostrea
    • †Crassostrea virginica
  • Crepidula
  • Fossil of the Early Cretaceous-Eocene shark Cretolamna
    †Cretolamna
    • †Cretolamna appendiculata
  • Crocodylus
  • Crotalus
    • †Crotalus adamanteus – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Crotalus horridus
  • Crucibulum
    • †Crucibulum striatum
  • Cryptobranchus
    • A living Cryptobranchus alleganiensis, or hellbender salamander
      †Cryptobranchus alleganiensis
  • †Cryptogramma
    • †Cryptosula pallasiana
  • Cryptotis
    • †Cryptotis parva
  • Cucullaea
  • Cumingia
  • Cupuladria
  • Cyanocitta
    • †Cyanocitta cristata
  • Cyclocardia
    • †Cyclocardia borealis
  • Fossilized skeleton of the Eocene bony fish Cyclopoma
    †Cyclopoma
  • Cylichna
  • †Cylindracanthus
  • Cymatosyrinx
  • †Cynelos
  • Cynoscion
    • †Cyrtopleura costata
  • Dasyatis
  • Dasypus
    • Fossilized cranium seen from above and below of the Pleistocene Dasypus bellus, or beautiful armadillo
      †Dasypus bellus – or unidentified comparable form
  • Dendrocopos
  • †Dendroica – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Dendroica coronata
  • Dentalium
  • Dentimargo
    • †Dentimargo aureocinctus
  • Desmognathus
  • Diadophis
  • Dicaelus
  • Dinocardium
  • Diodora
  • †Diorocetus
  • Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Paleocene-Miocene crocodilian Diplocynodon
    †Diplocynodon
  • Discinisca
  • †Discoaster
  • Discus
  • †Dolicholatirus
  • †Dolichonyx – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Dolichonyx oryzivorus
  • Donax
    • Shells of Donax variabilis, or coquina
      †Donax variabilis
  • Dosinia
  • Dryocopus
    • †Dryocopus pileatus
  • Echinocardium
  • Echinorhinus
  • †Ecphora
    • †Ecphora gardnerae
  • †Ectopistes
    • †Ectopistes migratorius
  • †Egertonia
  • Elaphe
    • †Elaphe guttata – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Elaphe obsoleta – or unidentified comparable form
  • Electra
  • Elphidium
  • †Empidonax
  • Ensis
    • †Ensis directus
  • Life restoration of two of the Miocene baleen whale Eobalaenoptera pursued by the giant shark Carcharocles megalodon
    †Eobalaenoptera – type locality for genus
    • †Eobalaenoptera harrisoni – type locality for species
  • †Eosphargis
  • †Eosuchus
    • †Eosuchus lerichei
  • Epitonium
  • Eptesicus
    • †Eptesicus fuscus
  • Equus
    • †Equus fraternus
  • Eremophila
    • †Eremophila alpestris
  • Erethizon
    • A living Erethizon dorsatum, or North American porcupine
      †Erethizon dorsatum
  • Erolia
  • Eschrichtius
    • †Eschrichtius robustus
  • Esox
    • †Esox americanus – or unidentified comparable form
  • Eulima
  • Eumeces
    • †Eumeces laticeps – or unidentified comparable form
  • Eupleura
    • †Eupleura caudata
  • Life restoration of the Miocene whale Eurhinodelphis (above)
    †Eurhinodelphis
    • †Eurhinodelphis longirostris
  • Euspira
  • Eutamias
    • †Eutamias minimus
  • Euvola
  • Falco
    • †Falco sparverius
  • Felis
    • †Felis domesticus
  • Ficus
  • Flabellum
  • Fossarus
  • Fusinus
  • Gadus
  • A living Galeocerdo cuvier, or tiger shark
    Galeocerdo
    • †Galeocerdo aduncus
    • †Galeocerdo contortus
  • Galeodea
  • Galeorhinus
  • Galerita
    • †Galerita bicolor – or unidentified comparable form
  • Gallinula
    • †Gallinula chloropus
  • Gari
  • Gastrochaena
  • Gastrocopta
  • Gavia
  • Fossilized skull of the Miocene crocodile relative Gavialosuchus
    †Gavialosuchus
  • Gemma
    • †Gemma purpurea
  • Genota – or unidentified comparable form
  • Geomys
  • Geukensia
  • Gibbula – tentative report
  • Ginglymostoma
  • Glaucomys
    • A living Glaucomys sabrinus, or northern flying squirrel
      †Glaucomys sabrinus
  • Globigerina
  • Globulina
  • Glossus
  • Glycymeris
  • Granulina
  • Grus
    • †Grus americana
  • †Hadrodelphis – or unidentified comparable form
  • Halichoerus
    • A living Halichoerus grypus, or grey seal
      †Halichoerus grypus
  • Hastula
  • Helicodiscus
    • †Helicodiscus parallelus
  • Hemipristis
    • †Hemipristis serra
  • Heterodontus
  • Hexanchus
  • Hiatella
    • †Hiatella arctica
  • Hipponix
  • Fossilized skull of the Eocene tapir-like mammal Homogalax
    †Homogalax – or unidentified related form
  • Hydrobia
    • †Hydrobia truncata
  • Hydroides
  • Hyla
    • †Hyla crucifer – or unidentified comparable form
  • Hylocichla
  • †Hyopsodus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Hyposaurus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Icterus – or unidentified comparable form
    • A living Icterus spurius, or orchard oriole
      †Icterus spurius
  • Ilyanassa
  • Ischadium
    • †Ischadium recurvum
  • Isistius
  • Isognomon
  • Istiophorus
  • Isurus
  • Junco
    • †Junco hyemalis
  • Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene dolphin Kentriodon
    †Kentriodon
  • Kuphus
  • Kurtziella
    • †Kurtziella cerina
  • Lagena
  • †Lagopus
    • †Lagopus mutus – or unidentified comparable form
  • Lamna
  • Lampropeltis
  • Larus
    • A living Larus hyperboreus, or glaucous gull
      †Larus hyperboreus
  • Lasiurus
    • †Lasiurus borealis
  • Latirus
  • Lepisosteus
  • †Leptophoca
    • †Leptophoca lenis
  • †Leptoxis
    • †Leptoxis carinata
  • Lepus
    • A living Lepus americanus, or snowshoe hare
      †Lepus americanus
  • Libinia
    • †Libinia dubia
    • †Libinia emarginata
  • †Limosa – or unidentified comparable form
  • Linga
    • †Lingulodinium machaerophorum
  • Litiopa
  • Littoraria
    • †Littoraria irrorata
  • Lontra
    • †Lontra canadensis
  • Mounted skeleton of a Lophius americanus, or American anglerfish
    Lophius
  • Lophodytes
    • †Lophodytes cucullatus
  • Lopholatilus
  • Loxia
  • Lucina
  • Lunatia
  • Lymnaea
  • Lynx
    • A living Lynx rufus, or bobcat
      †Lynx rufus – or unidentified comparable form
  • Lyonsia
  • Macoma
    • †Macoma balthica
    • †Macoma tenta
  • Macrocallista
  • Makaira
    • †Makaira nigricans – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Mammut
    • †Mammut americanum
  • †Mammuthus
    • †Mammuthus columbi
    • Life restorations of a Mammut americanum, or American mastodon (right), and a Mammuthus primigenius, or wooly mammoth (left)
      †Mammuthus primigenius
  • †Margaritaria
  • Marginella
  • Marmota
    • †Marmota monax
  • Masticophis
    • †Masticophis flagellum
  • Megaceryle
    • †Megaceryle alcyon
  • Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene ground sloth Megalonyx
    †Megalonyx
    • †Megalonyx jeffersonii
  • Megalops
  • Megaptera
  • Melanerpes
    • †Melanerpes carolinus
    • †Melanerpes erythrocephalus
  • Meleagris
    • †Meleagris gallopavo
  • Melospiza
    • †Melospiza melodia
  • Living Membranipora bryozoan
    Membranipora
  • Mephitis
    • †Mephitis mephitis
  • Mercenaria
    • †Mercenaria mercenaria
  • Mergus
  • †Merychippus
  • †Mesocetus
  • Mesoplodon
  • Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene manatee relative Metaxytherium
    †Metaxytherium
  • †Metopocetus – type locality for genus
  • Microtus
    • †Microtus chrotorrhinus
    • †Microtus ochrogaster
    • †Microtus pennsylvanicus
    • †Microtus pinetorum
    • †Microtus xanthognathus
  • Mitrella
  • Modiolus
  • Mola
  • Molothrus
    • †Molothrus ater
  • †Monotherium
    • †Monotherium wymani
  • Morus
    • A living Morus bassanus, or northern gannet
      †Morus bassanus
  • †Moxostoma
  • Mulinia
  • Musculus
  • Mustela
    • †Mustela nivalis
    • †Mustela richardsonii
  • †Mya
    • †Mya arenaria
  • Myliobatis
  • Fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Holocene peccary Mylohyus
    †Mylohyus
    • †Mylohyus fossilis
  • Myotis
    • †Myotis grisescens
    • †Myotis keenii
    • †Myotis lucifugus
  • Myriophyllum
  • Mytilus
    • †Mytilus edulis
  • Napaeozapus
    • †Napaeozapus insignis
  • Nassarius
  • Naticarius
  • Natrix
  • Nebrius
  • Negaprion
  • Neofiber
    • †Neopanope texana
  • Neogale
    • †Neogale frenata
    • †Neogale vison
  • Neotoma
    • Close-up of a Neotoma floridana, or eastern woodrat
      †Neotoma floridana
  • Nerodia
    • †Nerodia sipedon
  • Neverita
  • †Nipa – or unidentified comparable form
  • Niso
  • †Nocomis
    • †Nocomis raneyi – or unidentified comparable form
  • Notophthalmus
    • †Notophthalmus viridescens – or unidentified comparable form
  • Illustration of a living Notorynchus cow shark
    Notorhynchus
  • Notorynchus
  • †Noturus
  • Nucula
  • †Nyssa
  • Ochotona
  • Ocypode
  • Odobenus
    • †Odobenus rosmarus
  • Odocoileus
    • †Odocoileus virginianus
  • Odontaspis
  • Illustration of a fossilized partial skull of the Paleocene-Eocene pseudo-toothed bird Odontopteryx
    †Odontopteryx – tentative report
  • Odostomia
  • Oliva
    • †Oliva sayana
  • Olivella
  • Ondatra
    • †Ondatra zibethicus
  • Onthophagus
  • †Ontocetus – type locality for genus
    • †Ontocetus emmonsi – type locality for species
  • Opheodrys
  • †Opsanus
  • †Orycterocetus
  • †Osteopygis
  • †Ostracion
  • Ostrea
    • †Ostrea compressirostra
  • †Otodus
    • At the top of the picture is a line representing twenty meters. Below this is a gray megalodon silhouette that measures twenty meters, below is a red megalodon silhouette that measures fifteen meters, below is a violet whale shark silhouette that measures ten meters, below is a green great white shark that measures five meters. Standing next to this shark is a black human silhouette that stands two meters.
      Diagram illustrating the largest (grey) and most conservative (red) size estimates of the Miocene-Pliocene shark Carcharocles megalodon (sometimes Carcharodon or Otodus megalodon) with a whale shark (violet), great white shark (green), and anachronistic human (black) to scale
      †Otodus megalodon
  • Otus
    • †Otus asio
  • †Oxyrhina
  • †Oxyura
    • †Oxyura jamaicensis
  • †Pachecoa
  • †Palaeophis
  • †Palaeorhincodon
  • †Palaeosinopa – or unidentified comparable form
  • Pandora
  • Panopea
  • Panopeus
    • †Panopeus herbstii
  • Panthera
    • A living Panthera leo, or lion
      †Panthera leo
  • †Paralbula
  • Parascalops
    • †Parascalops breweri
  • †Parietobalaena
    • †Parietobalaena palmeri
  • Parus
    • †Parus bicolor
  • Parvanachis
    • †Parvanachis obesa
  • Passerella
    • †Passerella iliaca
  • Pecten
  • †Pedalion
  • Pedioecetes
    • †Pedioecetes phasianellus
  • Pekania
    • †Pekania pennanti – or unidentified comparable form
  • Life restoration of the Oligocene-Pleistocene false-toothed bird Pelagornis
    †Pelagornis
  • †Pelocetus
  • †Perimyotis
    • †Perimyotis subflavus
  • Perisoreus
    • †Perisoreus canadensis
  • Peristernia
  • Peromyscus
    • †Peromyscus leucopus
    • †Peromyscus maniculatus
  • Petaloconchus
  • Petricola
    • †Petricola pholadiformis
  • Petrochelidon
    • †Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
  • Phalacrocorax
    • A living Phalacrocorax auritus, or double-crested cormorant
      †Phalacrocorax auritus
  • Phenacomys
    • †Phenacomys intermedius
    • †Phenacomys ungava – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Phocageneus – type locality for genus
  • Pholadomya
  • Pholas
  • Phyllodus
  • Physa
    • †Physa heterostropha
  • †Physogaleus
    • †Physogaleus contortus
  • †Phytolacca
  • Pica
    • A living Pica pica Eurasian magpie
      †Pica pica
  • Picea
  • †Pinguinus
    • †Pinguinus impennis
  • Pinicola – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Pinicola enucleator
  • Pinus
  • Pipistrellus
    • †Pipistrellus subflavus
  • Piranga
  • Pisania
  • Pisidium
  • Pitar
  • Placopecten
  • Restoration of a herd of alarmed Miocene-Pleistocene peccaries of the genus Platygonus. Charles R. Knight (1922).
    †Platygonus
    • †Platygonus compressus
  • Plecotus
    • †Plecotus townsendii – or unidentified comparable form
  • Pleuromeris
  • Plicatula
    • †Plicatula gibbosa
  • Pluvialis
    • †Pluvialis dominica
  • Podiceps
    • †Podiceps auritus
  • Podilymbus
    • A living Podilymbus podiceps, or pied-billed grebe
      †Podilymbus podiceps
  • Pogonias
  • Polinices
  • Polydora
  • Polygonum
  • †Pomatiopsis
  • †Pooecetes
    • †Pooecetes gramineus
  • Porzana
    • †Porzana carolina
  • †Potamogeton
  • †Prionodon
  • Prionotus
  • Pristis
  • †Procamelus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Procolpochelys
  • Procyon
    • †Procyon lotor
  • †Prolates
  • †Protautoga
  • Prunum
    • †Prunum roscidum
  • Psammechinus
  • †Psephophorus
  • Pseudochama
  • Pseudoliva
  • Pseudotorinia
  • Pteria
  • Pteromeris
  • Pteromylaeus
  • †Ptychosalpinx
  • †Puppigerus
  • Pycnodonte
  • Fossilized skeleton of the Late Cretaceous-Eocene bony fish Pycnodus
    Pycnodus
  • Quercus
  • Quinqueloculina
  • Raja
  • Rallus
    • †Rallus limicola
  • †Rana
    • †Rana catesbiana – lapsus calami of Rana catesbeiana
    • †Rana clamitans – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Rana palustris
    • †Rana pipiens
    • †Rana sylvatica – or unidentified comparable form
  • Rangia
  • Rangifer
    • A living Rangifer tarandus, or reindeer
      †Rangifer tarandus
  • Ranzania
  • †Retinella
  • Retusa
    • †Retusa obtusa
  • Rhinobatos
  • Rhinoptera
  • Rosalina
  • Rostellaria
  • †Sarda
  • Sayornis
    • †Sayornis phoebe
  • †
  • Scalopus
    • †Scalopus aquaticus
  • Scaphella
  • Scaphiopus
    • †Scaphiopus holbrooki
  • Sceloporus
    • †Sceloporus undulatus
  • †Sceptrum
  • Fossilized skull of the Miocene toothed whale Schizodelphis
    †Schizodelphis
  • Schizoporella
  • Sciaenops
    • †Sciaenops ocellatus
  • †Sciaenurus – or unidentified comparable form
  • Sciurus
    • †Sciurus carolinensis
  • Scolopax
    • A living Scolopax minor, or American woodcock
      †Scolopax minor
  • Scomberomorus
  • †Scombrinus
  • Scyliorhinus
  • Seila
  • †Seiurus
  • Semele
  • †Semotilus
    • †Semotilus corporalis – or unidentified comparable form
  • Serpulorbis
  • Fossilized teeth of the Cretaceous-Eocene shark Serratolamna
    †Serratolamna
    • †Serratolamna lerichei
  • †Sialia – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Sialia sialis
  • Sinum
  • Sitta
    • †Sitta canadensis
  • †
  • Solemya
    • †Solemya velum
  • Solen
  • Solenosteira
    • †Solenosteira cancellaria
  • Sorex
    • †Sorex arcticus
    • †Sorex cinereus
    • †Sorex dispar
    • †Sorex fumeus
    • †Sorex hoyi
    • A living Sorex palustris, or American water shrew
      †Sorex palustris
  • †Spatangus
  • Spermophilus
    • †Spermophilus tridecemlineatus
  • Sphaerium
  • Sphyraena
  • †Sphyrapicus
    • †Sphyrapicus varius
  • Sphyrna
  • Spilogale
    • †Spilogale putorius
  • Spisula
  • Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene shark-toothed dolphin Squalodon
    †Squalodon
    • †Squalodon calvertensis
  • Squalus
  • Squatina
  • †Stenotrema
  • Stewartia
  • Storeria
  • †Striatolamia
  • Strioterebrum
  • Shell of a Strobilops land snail
    Strobilops
  • Strombiformis
  • Sturnella – or unidentified comparable form
  • Sveltia – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Syllomus
  • Sylvilagus
    • †Sylvilagus transitionalis
  • Symplocos
  • Synaptomys
    • †Synaptomys cooperi
  • Tagelus
  • Tamias
    • †Tamias striatus
  • Tamiasciurus
    • †Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
  • A living Tapirus, or tapir
    Tapirus
    • †Tapirus veroensis
  • Tautoga
    • †Tautoga onitis
  • Tectonatica
  • Teinostoma
  • Tellina
  • Terebra
  • Teredo
  • Terrapene
    • †Terrapene carolina
  • Textularia
  • Thamnophis
    • †Thamnophis sirtalis
  • Fossilized skeleton of the Oligocene-Miocene gavial relative Thecachampsa
    †Thecachampsa
    • †Thecachampsa antiqua
  • †Thoracosaurus
  • Thracia
  • †Thuja
    • †Thuja occidentalis
  • Thunnus
  • Tilia
  • Toxostoma
    • †Toxostoma rufum
  • Triakis
  • Trigonostoma
  • Tringa – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Tringa solitaria
  • †Triodopsis
  • Triphora
  • Trochita
    • †Trochita trochiformis
  • Trox
  • †Tsuga
    • †Tsuga canadensis – or unidentified comparable form
  • Tucetona
  • Turbonilla
  • Turdus
    • A living Turdus migratorius, or American robin
      †Turdus migratorius
  • Turritella
  • Uria
    • †Uria aalge
  • Urosalpinx
    • †Urosalpinx cinerea
  • Ursus
    • †Ursus americanus
  • Vallonia
    • †Vallonia costata
  • Valvata
  • Venericardia
  • Vermetus
  • Vertigo
  • Vitis
  • Vitrinella
  • †Voltaconger
  • Voluta
  • Volutifusus
  • Vulpes
  • Xenophora
  • Fossilized skeleton of the Miocene whale Xiphiacetus
    †Xiphiacetus
  • Yoldia
  • Zapus
    • †Zapus hudsonius
  • Zonotrichia
    • †Zonotrichia albicollis

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Else Marie Friis; Peter R. Crane; Kaj Raunsgaard Pedersen (2019). "Chlamydospermous seeds document the diversity and abundance of extinct gnetalean relatives in Early Cretaceous vegetation". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 180 (7): 643–666. doi:10.1086/704356.
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