List of the Cenozoic life of Virginia

This list of the Cenozoic life of Virginia contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of Virginia and are between 66 million and 10,000 years of age.

A[]

• †Abdounia
  • †Abdounia beaugei
  • †Abdounia minutissima
  • †Abdounia recticona
• Abies
• †Abra
  • †
• Acanthocybium
  • †
• Accipiter
  • 

    Living adult (center) and chick (lower right) Accipiter striatus, or sharp-shinned hawks
    †Accipiter striatus
• †
  • †
• Acipenser
• Acmaea
• Acteocina
  • †Acteocina canaliculata
  • †
• Acteon
  • †
• †Actinocyclus
  • †
• †Actinoptychus
  • †
  • †
• 

  A living Actitis macularius, or spotted sandpiper
  Actitis – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Actitis macularia
• †Adeorbis
• Aegolius
  • †Aegolius acadicus
• Aequipecten
  • †
• Aetobatus
  • †
  • †
• Aetomylaeus
• Agelaius
  • †Agelaius phoeniceus
• 

  Fossilized skull of the Miocene baleen whale Aglaocetus
  †Aglaocetus
  • †Aglaocetus patulus – type locality for species
• †Aglyptorhynchus
  • †
• Albula
  • †
• Alca
  • †Alca torda – or unidentified comparable form
• Alces – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Alces alces
• • †
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Eocene pig-nosed turtle Allaeochelys
  †Allaeochelys
• Alnus
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Alopias
• Aluterus
• †Ambystoma
• Amia
• – tentative report
• Ammonia
  • †
  • †
  • †Ammonia tepida
• †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †Ampelopsis
• 

  Assemblage of fossilized skeletons of the softshell turtle Amyda
  Amyda – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• Anachis
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• Anadara
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †Anadara ovalis
  • 

    Shell of an Anadara transversa, or transverse ark clam
    †Anadara transversa
• †
  • †
• Anas
  • †Anas crecca
  • †Anas discors
  • †Anas platyrhynchos – or unidentified comparable form
• Anguilla
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †Anguispira
  • 

    Illustration of the shell of a living Anguispira alternata land snail, or flamed tigersnail
    †Anguispira alternata
• Angulus
  • †
  • †
• – tentative report
• Anomia
  • †
  • †
  • †Anomia simplex
• †Anomotodon
  • †
• 

  A living Anoxypristis cuspidata, or knifetooth sawfish
  Anoxypristis
  • †
• †Anthus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Anthus spinoletta
• Aporrhais
  • †
• †
  • †
• Arbacia
  • †
• †Archaeohippus
• †Archaeomanta
  • †
• Architectonica
  • †
• 

  Restoration of an Arctodus, or short-faced bear, with a human to scale
  †Arctodus
  • †Arctodus simus
• Argobuccinum
• Argopecten
  • †Argopecten gibbus
• Arius – tentative report
• Arossia
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• Asio
  • 

    A living Asio flammeus, or Short-eared owl
    †Asio flammeus – or unidentified comparable form
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Astarte
  • †Astarte castanea
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Astrangia
  • †Astrangia danae
• †Astroscopus
• Astyris
  • †
  • †Astyris lunata
• 

  Multiple views of a fossilized shell of the volute sea snail Athleta
  Athleta
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †

B[]

• Balaena
  • † – type locality for species
• Balaenoptera
• 

  Fossilized vertebrae of the Pliocene baleen whale Balaenotus
  †Balaenotus
• Balanophyllia
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• Balanus
  • †Balanus improvisus
• †
• Barbatia
  • † – tentative report
• Barnea
  • †
  • †
• Bartramia
  • †Bartramia longicauda
• †Basilotritus
  • †
• • †
• † – tentative report
• Betula
• • †
• Bison
  • †Bison bison
• Bittiolum
  • †Bittiolum alternatum
• Blarina
  • †Blarina brevicauda
• 

  Life restoration of the Pliocene toothed whale Bohaskaia
  †Bohaskaia – type locality for genus
  • †Bohaskaia monodontoides – type locality for species
• †Bolcyrus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• Bombycilla
  • †Bombycilla cedrorum
• Bonasa
  • †Bonasa umbellus
  • †
• †Bootherium
  • 

    Fossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene-Holocene bovid Bootherium bombifrons, or Harlan's musk ox.
    †Bootherium bombifrons
• Boreotrophon
  • †
• • †
  • †
• Bos
  • †Bos taurus
• Bostrycapulus
  • †Bostrycapulus aculeatus
• Botaurus
  • †Botaurus lentiginosus
• Brachidontes
  • †
• Branta
  • †Branta bernicla
• †Brevoortia
• †Brychaetus
  • †
• Bubo
  • 

    A living Bubo virginianus, or great horned owl
    †Bubo virginianus
• Buccella
  • †
• †
  • †
• • †
• Buccinum
  • †Buccinum undatum
• Bucephala
  • †Bucephala albeola
• 

  A living Anaxyrus fowleri (formerly Bufo fowleri), or Fowler's toad
  Bufo
  • †Bufo woodhousei
• • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †
  • †
• †Burnhamia
  • †
• Busycon
  • †Busycon carica
  • †
  • 

    Shell in multiple views of a Busycon contrarium whelk
    †Busycon contrarium
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Busycotypus
  • †Busycotypus canaliculatus
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Buteo
  • 

    A living Buteo jamaicensis, or red-tailed hawk
    †Buteo jamaicensis
  • †Buteo lineatus
  • †Buteo platypterus

C[]

• †
• Cadulus
  • †
• Caecum
  • †Caecum cooperi
• Caestocorbula
  • †
• †
• †Calippus
  • †Calippus regulus – or unidentified comparable form
• 

  A living Calliostoma top sea snail
  Calliostoma
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †Calliostoma virginicum
• †Callippus
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Callista
  • †
• • †
• Calonectris
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
• 

  Cambarus
  Cambarus
  • †Cambarus bartonii – or unidentified comparable form
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †
• Canachites
  • †Canachites canadensis
• †Canarium
  • †
• Cancellaria
• Cancer
  • †Cancer irroratus
• Canis
  • 

    Modern mounted skeleton of Canis lupus, the grey wolf, to scale with a fossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene wolf Canis dirus, or dire wolf
    †Canis dirus
  • †Canis latrans
  • †Canis lupus – or unidentified comparable form
• Cantharus
  • †
• Canthon
• Capella
  • †Capella gallinago
• Carcharhinus
• Carcharias
  • †
  • †
• Carcharodon
  • 

    Fossilized tooth of the Miocene-Pliocene shark Cosmopolitodus hastalis, or broad-toothed mako
    †Carcharodon hastalis
• Carditamera
  • †
• †
• †Carinorbis
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
• †Carolinochelys
  • †Carolinochelys wilsoni
• Carphophis
  • †Carphophis amoenus
• Carya
• Caryocorbula
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Castor
  • †Castor canadensis
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Pleistocene giant beaver Castoroides
  †Castoroides
  • †Castoroides ohioensis
• Catharus
• †Catinella
• Catoptrophorus
  • †Catoptrophorus semipalmatus
• †Catostomus
• Celtis
  • †Celtis occidentalis
• Cerithiopsis
  • †Cerithiopsis greenii
• Certhia
  • †Certhia familiaris
• †Cervalces – tentative report
  • †Cervalces scotti
• Cervus
  • †Cervus elaphus
• Cetorhinus
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene whale Cetotherium
  †Cetotherium
  • † – type locality for species
• Chaetura
  • †Chaetura pelagica
• Chama
  • †Chama congregata
• †
  • †
• Charadrius
  • †Charadrius vociferus
• Chelydra
  • 

    A living Chelydra serpentina, or common snapping turtle
    †Chelydra serpentina
• †
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• †Chesapecten
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • 

    Shells of the Pliocene scallop Chesapecten jeffersonius
    †Chesapecten jeffersonius
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Chione
  • †Chione cancellata
  • †
• Chlamys
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• †Chordeiles
  • 

    A living Chordeiles minor, or common nighthawk
    †Chordeiles minor
• Cibicides
  • †
• Cingula
  • †
• Circulus
  • †
• Cirsotrema
• Cistothorus
  • †Cistothorus platensis – or unidentified comparable form
• Clavus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
  • †
• †Cleistosphaeridium
  • †
• Clethrionomys
  • †Clethrionomys gapperi
• • †
• 

  A living Cliona sponge
  Cliona
• Coccyzus
• †
• Colaptes
  • †Colaptes auratus
• Colinus
  • †Colinus virginianus
• Coluber
  • †Coluber constrictor
• †Columella
  • †
• 

  Shells in differing orientations of Colus whelk sea snails
  Colus
  • †Colus pygmaeus
• Condylura
  • †Condylura cristata
  • †
• †
  • †
• Contopus
  • †Contopus virens
• †
  • †
• Conus
  • †Conus adversarius
  • †
  • †
  • †
• 

  Shell of a Corbula basket clam
  Corbula
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †
• †
• Corvus
  • †Corvus brachyrhynchos
• †
• †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Cotonopsis
  • †Cotonopsis lafresnayi
• † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• †Coupatezia
  • †
• Crassatella
  • † – type locality for species
• Crassinella
  • †Crassinella lunulata
  • †
• Crassostrea
  • †Crassostrea virginica
• Crepidula
  • †Crepidula convexa
  • †
  • †Crepidula fornicata
  • †Crepidula plana
  • †
  • †
• 

  Fossil of the Early Cretaceous-Eocene shark Cretolamna
  †Cretolamna
  • †Cretolamna appendiculata
• Cribrilina
  • †
• †
• Crocodylus
  • † – type locality for species
• Crotalus
  • †Crotalus adamanteus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Crotalus horridus
• Crucibulum
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †Crucibulum striatum
• Cryptobranchus
  • 

    A living Cryptobranchus alleganiensis, or hellbender salamander
    †Cryptobranchus alleganiensis
• †Cryptogramma
  • †
• Cryptosula
  • †Cryptosula pallasiana
• Cryptotis
  • †Cryptotis parva
• Ctena
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
• 

  Shell of a Cucullaea, or false ark shell
  Cucullaea
  • †Cucullaea gigantea
  • †
• Cumingia
  • †
• †
  • †
• Cupuladria
  • †
  • †
• Cyanocitta
  • †Cyanocitta cristata
• Cyclocardia
  • †Cyclocardia borealis
  • †
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Eocene bony fish Cyclopoma
  †Cyclopoma
  • † – type locality for species
• Cyclostremiscus
  • †
• Cylichna
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †Cylindracanthus
  • †
• †
  • †
• Cymatosyrinx
  • †
• 

  Fossilized cranium of the Miocene bear-dog Cynelos
  †Cynelos
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Cynoscion
• Cyrtopleura
  • †
  • †Cyrtopleura costata

D[]

• †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Dasyatis
• Dasypus
  • 

    Fossilized mandible in multiple views of the Pleistocene Dasypus bellus, or beautiful armadillo
    †Dasypus bellus – or unidentified comparable form
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• Dendrocopos
  • †
  • †
• † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• †Dendroica – or unidentified comparable form
  • 

    A living Setophaga coronata, or yellow-rumped warbler
    †Dendroica coronata
• Dentalium
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• Dentimargo
  • †Dentimargo aureocinctus
• Desmognathus
• Diadophis
• Dicaelus
• †
  • †
• Dinocardium
  • †Dinocardium robustum
• Diodora
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• †Diorocetus
  • †
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Paleocene-Miocene crocodilian Diplocynodon
  †Diplocynodon
  • †
• Diplodonta
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †Diplodonta punctata
  • †
• Discinisca
  • †
• †Discoaster
• • †
• Discus
  • 

    A living Discus catskillensis land snail, or angular disc
    †Discus catskillensis
• • †
• †Dolicholatirus
• †Dolichonyx – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Dolichonyx oryzivorus
• † – tentative report
• Donax
  • †
  • †Donax variabilis
• Dosinia
  • †
  • †
  • †Dosinia discus
• †
  • †
• Dryocopus
  • 

    A living Dryocopus pileatus, or pileated woodpecker
    †Dryocopus pileatus

E[]

• †
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Echinocardium
  • †
• Echinorhinus
  • †
• †Ecphora
  • †Ecphora gardnerae
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †Ectopistes
  • 

    Taxidermied male Ectopistes migratorius, or passenger pigeon
    †Ectopistes migratorius
• †Egertonia
  • †
• Elaphe
  • †Elaphe guttata – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Elaphe obsoleta – or unidentified comparable form
• Electra
  • †
• Elphidium
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †
• †Empidonax
• Ensis
  • †Ensis directus
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of two of the Miocene baleen whale Eobalaenoptera pursued by the giant shark Carcharocles megalodon
  †Eobalaenoptera – type locality for genus
  • †Eobalaenoptera harrisoni – type locality for species
• Eontia
  • †
• †Eopleurotoma – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
  • †
• †Eosphargis
  • †
  • †
• †Eosuchus
  • †Eosuchus lerichei
  • †Eosuchus minor
• Epitonium
  • †
  • †
  • †Epitonium humphreysii
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Eptesicus
  • †Eptesicus fuscus
• Equus
  • †
  • †Equus fraternus
• Eremophila
  • †Eremophila alpestris
• Erethizon
  • †Erethizon dorsatum
• Erolia
  • †
• †
  • †
• Eschrichtius
  • † – type locality for species
  • 

    A living Eschrichtius robustus, or gray whale
    †Eschrichtius robustus
• Esox
  • †Esox americanus – or unidentified comparable form
• † – or unidentified comparable form
• Eulima
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• Eumeces
  • †Eumeces laticeps – or unidentified comparable form
• Eupleura
  • †Eupleura caudata
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene whale Eurhinodelphis (above)
  †Eurhinodelphis
  • †Eurhinodelphis longirostris
• Euspira
  • †Euspira heros
  • †
• Eutamias
  • †Eutamias minimus
• Euvola

F[]

• Falco
  • 

    A living Falco sparverius, or American kestrel
    †Falco sparverius
• Felis
  • †Felis domesticus
• Ficus
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• Flabellum
• Fossarus
  • †
  • †
• Fusinus
  • †

G[]

• Gadus
• 

  A living Galeocerdo cuvier, or tiger shark
  Galeocerdo
  • †Galeocerdo aduncus
  • †Galeocerdo contortus
  • †
• Galeodea
• Galeorhinus
  • †
• Galerita
  • †Galerita bicolor – or unidentified comparable form
• Gallinula
  • †Gallinula chloropus
• Gari
• Gastrochaena
• Gastrocopta
  • †Gastrocopta armifera
  • †Gastrocopta contracta
• Gavia
• 

  Fossilized skull of the Miocene crocodile relative Gavialosuchus
  †Gavialosuchus
  • †
• Gemma
  • †
  • †Gemma purpurea
• Genota – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• Geomys
• Geukensia
  • †Geukensia demissa
• Gibbula – tentative report
  • †
• 

  A living Ginglymostoma nurse shark
  Ginglymostoma
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †
• Glaucomys
  • †Glaucomys sabrinus
• Globigerina
  • †
• †
  • †
• Globulina
• Glossus
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †Glottidia
  • †
• 

  Fossilized shell of a Glycymeris, or bittersweet clam
  Glycymeris
  • †Glycymeris americana
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †
  • †
• • †
• Granulina
  • †
• Grus
  • 

    A living Grus americana, or whooping crane
    †Grus americana
• †

H[]

• †Hadrodelphis – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• †Haldea
• † – tentative report
  • †
• Halichoerus
  • 

    A living Halichoerus grypus, or grey seal
    †Halichoerus grypus
• • †
• Hastula
  • †
• • †
• Helicodiscus
  • †
  • †
  • †Helicodiscus parallelus
• • †
  • †
• 

  A living Hemipristis weasel shark
  Hemipristis
  • †Hemipristis serra
• • †
  • †
• †
• Heterodontus
  • †
• †
  • †
• Hexanchus
• Hiatella
  • †Hiatella arctica
• Hipponix
  • †
• Hippoporidra
  • †
• • †
• 

  Fossilized skull of the Eocene tapir-like mammal Homogalax
  †Homogalax – or unidentified related form
• Hydrobia
  • †Hydrobia truncata
• Hydroides
  • †
  • †
• Hyla
  • †Hyla crucifer – or unidentified comparable form
• Hylocichla
• †Hyopsodus – or unidentified comparable form
• †
  • †
• †Hyposaurus – or unidentified comparable form
• †

I[]

• †Icterus – or unidentified comparable form
  • 

    A living Icterus spurius, or orchard oriole
    †Icterus spurius
• Ilyanassa
  • †
  • †
  • †Ilyanassa obsoleta
  • †
  • †Ilyanassa trivittata
• †Iodes
  • †
• Ischadium
  • †Ischadium recurvum
• Isistius
  • †
• †
• †
• Isognomon
  • †
  • †
• 

  A living Istiophorus , or sailfish
  Istiophorus
• Isurus

J[]

• †
  • †
• Junco
  • 

    A living Junco hyemalis, or dark-eyed junco
    †Junco hyemalis

K[]

• • †
• †
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene dolphin Kentriodon
  †Kentriodon
  • †
• Kuphus
  • †
  • †
• Kurtziella
  • †Kurtziella cerina

L[]

• †
  • †
• Lagena
• 

  Living Lagopus muta, or rock ptarmigan
  †Lagopus
  • †Lagopus mutus – or unidentified comparable form
• Lamna
  • †
• Lampropeltis
  • †
• Larus
  • †Larus hyperboreus
• Lasiurus
  • †Lasiurus borealis
• Latirus
  • †
• Lepisosteus
• †
  • †
• †Leptophoca
  • †Leptophoca lenis
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †Leptoxis
  • †Leptoxis carinata
• Lepus
  • 

    A living Lepus americanus, or snowshoe hare
    †Lepus americanus
• †
  • †
• Libinia
  • †Libinia dubia
  • †Libinia emarginata
• †Limosa – or unidentified comparable form
• Linga
  • †
• †Lingulodinium
  • †Lingulodinium machaerophorum
• †
  • †
• † – or unidentified comparable form
• Lirophora
  • †
  • †
  • †Lirophora latilirata
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
• Litiopa
  • †
• Littoraria
  • †Littoraria irrorata
• Lontra
  • 

    Pair of living Lontra canadensis, or North American river otter
    †Lontra canadensis
• Lophius
  • †
• † – tentative report
• Lophodytes
  • †Lophodytes cucullatus
• Lopholatilus
• Loxia
• Lucina
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Lucinisca
  • †
• Lucinoma
  • †
• Lunatia
  • †
• †
• • †
• Lymnaea
  • †
• Lynx
  • 

    A living Lynx rufus, or bobcat
    †Lynx rufus – or unidentified comparable form
• Lyonsia
  • †

M[]

• Macoma
  • 

    Shell of a Limecola balthica, or Baltic clam
    †Macoma balthica
  • †
  • †Macoma constricta
  • †Macoma tenta
• Macrocallista
  • †
  • †
• • †
• †
  • †
• Makaira
  • †Makaira nigricans – or unidentified comparable form
• †Mammut
  • †
  • †Mammut americanum
• †Mammuthus
  • †Mammuthus columbi
  • 

    Life restorations of a Mammut americanum, or American mastodon (right), and a Mammuthus primigenius, or wooly mammoth (left)
    †Mammuthus primigenius
• • †
• †Margaritaria
  • †
• Marginella
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• Marmota
  • 

    A living Marmota monax, or groundhog
    †Marmota monax
• †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Masticophis
  • †Masticophis flagellum
• †
  • †
• Megaceryle
  • †Megaceryle alcyon
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene ground sloth Megalonyx
  †Megalonyx
  • †Megalonyx jeffersonii
• Megalops
• Megaptera
  • †
• Melanerpes
  • †Melanerpes carolinus
  • †Melanerpes erythrocephalus
• Meleagris
  • †Meleagris gallopavo
• Mellita
  • †
  • †
• Melospiza
  • †Melospiza melodia
• Membranipora
  • †
• • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Mephitis
  • †Mephitis mephitis
• Mercenaria
  • †Mercenaria campechiensis
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • 

    Collection of Mercenaria mercenaria, also known as hard clams or quahogs
    †Mercenaria mercenaria
  • †
• Mergus
• †
  • †
• †Merychippus
• †Mesocetus
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• Mesoplodon
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• † ��� tentative report
  • †
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene manatee relative Metaxytherium
  †Metaxytherium
  • †
  • †
• †Metopocetus – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• Microporella
  • †
• Microtus
  • †Microtus chrotorrhinus
  • †Microtus ochrogaster
  • †Microtus pennsylvanicus
  • 

    A living Microtus pinetorum, or woodland vole
    †Microtus pinetorum
  • †Microtus xanthognathus
  • †
• • †
• • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
• Mitrella
  • †
• Modiolus
  • †
  • †
• Mola
• Molothrus
  • 

    A living Molothrus ater, or brown-headed cowbird
    †Molothrus ater
• †Monotherium
  • †Monotherium wymani
• Morus
  • †Morus bassanus
• †Moxostoma
• Mulinia
  • †
  • †
  • †Mulinia lateralis
• †
  • †
• Musculus
  • †Musculus lateralis
  • †
• Mustela
  • †
  • †Mustela nivalis
  • †Mustela richardsonii
• †Mya
  • †Mya arenaria
  • † – tentative report
• Myliobatis
  • †
  • †
  • †
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Holocene peccary Mylohyus
  †Mylohyus
  • †Mylohyus fossilis
• Myotis
  • †Myotis grisescens
  • †Myotis keenii
  • †Myotis lucifugus
• Myriophyllum
• – tentative report
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• Mytilus
  • †Mytilus edulis

N[]

• †Nannaria
• †
  • †
• Napaeozapus
  • †Napaeozapus insignis
• †
  • †
• 

  A living Nassarius, or nassa mud snail
  Nassarius
  • †
  • †
• Naticarius
• Natrix
• Nebrius
  • †
• Negaprion
• Nemocardium
• Neofiber
  • †
• †
  • †Neopanope texana
• Neogale
  • †Neogale frenata
  • †Neogale vison
• Neotoma
  • 

    Close-up of a Neotoma floridana, or eastern woodrat
    †Neotoma floridana
• Nerodia
  • †Nerodia sipedon
• Neverita
  • †
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †Nipa – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• Niso
• †Nocomis
  • 

    A living Nocomis raneyi, or bull chub
    †Nocomis raneyi – or unidentified comparable form
• • †
• • †
• • †
• Notophthalmus
  • †Notophthalmus viridescens – or unidentified comparable form
• Notorhynchus
• 

  Close-up portrait of a living Notorynchus cepedianus, or broadnose sevengill shark
  Notorynchus
  • †
• †Noturus
• Nucula
  • †
  • †Nucula proxima
  • †
• Nuculana
  • †Nuculana acuta
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †Nyssa
  • †

O[]

• Ochotona
• Ocypode
• Odobenus
  • †Odobenus rosmarus
• Odocoileus
  • †Odocoileus virginianus
• Odontaspis
  • †
  • †
• 

  Illustration of a fossilized partial skull of the Paleocene-Eocene pseudo-toothed bird Odontopteryx
  †Odontopteryx – tentative report
• Odostomia
• Oliva
  • †
  • †
  • †Oliva sayana
• Olivella
  • †Olivella mutica
• Ondatra
  • †Ondatra zibethicus
• Onthophagus
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †Ontocetus – type locality for genus
  • †Ontocetus emmonsi – type locality for species
• †
• Opheodrys
• †Opsanus
• • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene sperm whale Orycterocetus
  †Orycterocetus
  • † – type locality for species
• †Osteopygis
  • † – type locality for species
• †Ostracion
  • †
• Ostrea
  • †
  • †Ostrea compressirostra
  • †
  • †
• †Otodus
  • 

    Diagram illustrating the largest (grey) and most conservative (red) size estimates of the Miocene-Pliocene shark Carcharocles megalodon (sometimes Carcharodon or Otodus megalodon) with a whale shark (violet), great white shark (green), and anachronistic human (black) to scale
    †Otodus megalodon
• Otus
  • †Otus asio
• †Oxyrhina
  • †
• †Oxyura
  • †Oxyura jamaicensis

P[]

• †Pachecoa
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• 

  Restoration of the Cretaceous-Eocene sea snake Palaeophis
  †Palaeophis
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Palaeorhincodon
  • †
• †Palaeosinopa – or unidentified comparable form
• Pandora
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Panopea
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Panopeus
  • †Panopeus herbstii
• Panthera
  • 

    A living Panthera leo, or lion
    †Panthera leo
• • †
  • †
• †Paralbula
  • †
• †
  • †
• Parascalops
  • †Parascalops breweri
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene baleen whale Parietobalaena and calf
  †Parietobalaena
  • †Parietobalaena palmeri
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Parus
  • †Parus bicolor
• Parvanachis
  • †Parvanachis obesa
• • †
  • †
  • †
• Passerella
  • 

    A living Passerella iliaca, or fox sparrow
    †Passerella iliaca
• Pecten
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †Pedalion
  • †
• Pedioecetes
  • †Pedioecetes phasianellus
• Pekania
  • †Pekania pennanti – or unidentified comparable form
• 

  Life restoration of the Oligocene-Pleistocene false-toothed bird Pelagornis
  †Pelagornis
• †Pelocetus
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
• †Peradectes
  • † – type locality for species
• †Perimyotis
  • †Perimyotis subflavus
• Periploma
  • †
• Perisoreus
  • 

    A living Perisoreus canadensis, or grey jay
    †Perisoreus canadensis
• †
  • †
• Peristernia
  • †
• Peromyscus
  • †Peromyscus leucopus
  • †Peromyscus maniculatus
• Petaloconchus
  • †
  • †
• †
• Petricola
  • †Petricola pholadiformis
• Petrochelidon
  • †Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• Phalacrocorax
  • 

    A living Phalacrocorax auritus, or double-crested cormorant
    †Phalacrocorax auritus
• †
  • †
• Phenacomys
  • †Phenacomys intermedius
  • †Phenacomys ungava – or unidentified comparable form
• †Phocageneus – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• Pholadomya
  • †
• Pholas
  • † – tentative report
• Phyllodus
  • †
• Physa
  • †Physa heterostropha
• †Physogaleus
  • †Physogaleus contortus
  • †
• †Phytolacca
  • †Phytolacca decandra
• Pica
  • †Pica pica
• Picea
• †Pinguinus
  • 

    Taxidermied specimen of Pinguinus impennis, or the great auk
    †Pinguinus impennis
• Pinicola – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Pinicola enucleator
• †
  • †
• Pinus
• †
  • †
• Pipistrellus
  • †Pipistrellus subflavus
• Piranga
• Pisania
  • †
• Pisidium
  • †
• †
  • †
• Pitar
  • †
  • †Pitar morrhuanus
  • †
  • †
• Placopecten
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• 

  Restoration of a herd of alarmed Miocene-Pleistocene peccaries of the genus Platygonus. Charles R. Knight (1922).
  †Platygonus
  • †Platygonus compressus
  • †
• Plecotus
  • †Plecotus townsendii – or unidentified comparable form
• †
  • †
• Pleuromeris
  • †Pleuromeris tridentata
• Plicatula
  • †
  • †Plicatula gibbosa
• Pluvialis
  • †Pluvialis dominica
• Podiceps
  • 

    A living Podiceps auritus, or horned grebe
    †Podiceps auritus
• Podilymbus
  • †Podilymbus podiceps
• Pogonias
  • † – type locality for species
• Polinices
  • †
• Polydora
• Polygonum
• †Pomatiopsis
  • †Pomatiopsis lapidaria
• †Pooecetes
  • †Pooecetes gramineus
• • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Porzana
  • †Porzana carolina
• †Potamogeton
• †
  • †
• †Prionodon
  • †
• Prionotus
• †
  • †
• Pristis
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †Procamelus – or unidentified comparable form
• †Procolpochelys
  • †
  • †
• Procyon
  • †Procyon lotor
• †Prolates
  • †
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• † – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
  • †
• †Protautoga
  • †
• †
  • †
• Prunum
  • †
  • †Prunum roscidum
• Psammechinus
  • †
  • †
• 

  Hypothetical restoration of the Oligocene-Pliocene sea turtle Psephophorus
  †Psephophorus
• Pseudochama
  • †
  • †
• Pseudoliva
  • †
  • †
• • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Pseudotorinia
  • †
  • †
• Pteria
  • †Pteria colymbus
  • † – tentative report
• Pteromeris
  • †
• Pteromylaeus
• †Ptychosalpinx
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• • †
• †Puppigerus
  • †
• Pycnodonte
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Late Cretaceous-Eocene bony fish Pycnodus
  Pycnodus
• †

Q[]

• 

  A living Quercus, or oak tree
  Quercus
• Quinqueloculina
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †

R[]

• • †
• Raja
• Rallus
  • †Rallus limicola
• †Rana
  • †Rana catesbiana – lapsus calami of Rana catesbeiana
  • †Rana clamitans – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Rana palustris
  • †Rana pipiens
  • †Rana sylvatica – or unidentified comparable form
• Rangia
  • †
  • †Rangia cuneata
• Rangifer
  • 

    A living Rangifer tarandus, or reindeer
    †Rangifer tarandus
• Ranzania
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• †Retinella
  • †
  • †
• Retusa
  • †Retusa obtusa
• †
• †
  • †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Rhinobatos
  • †
• 

  A school of living Rhinoptera, or cownose rays
  Rhinoptera
  • †
• Rosalina
  • †
  • †
• Rostellaria
• †

S[]

• • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
  • †
• †
• †
• †Sarda
  • †
• Sayornis
  • 

    A living Sayornis phoebe, or eastern phoebe
    †Sayornis phoebe
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• † – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
  • †
• Scalopus
  • †Scalopus aquaticus
• Scaphella
• Scaphiopus
  • †Scaphiopus holbrooki
• Sceloporus
  • †Sceloporus undulatus
• †Sceptrum
  • †
• 

  Fossilized skull of the Miocene toothed whale Schizodelphis
  †Schizodelphis
  • †
  • †
• Schizoporella
  • †
• Sciaenops
  • †Sciaenops ocellatus
• †Sciaenurus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• • †
• Sciurus
  • 

    A living Sciurus carolinensis, or eastern gray squirrel
    †Sciurus carolinensis
• Scolopax
  • †Scolopax minor
• Scomberomorus
  • †
• †Scombrinus
• Scyliorhinus
  • †
• Seila
  • †Seila adamsii
• †Seiurus
• Semele
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• †Semotilus
  • †Semotilus corporalis – or unidentified comparable form
• Serpulorbis
  • †
  • †
• 

  Fossilized teeth of the Cretaceous-Eocene shark Serratolamna
  †Serratolamna
  • †
  • †Serratolamna lerichei
• †Sialia – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Sialia sialis
• Sinum
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Sitta
  • †Sitta canadensis
• †
• Solemya
  • †Solemya velum
• Solen
• Solenosteira
  • †Solenosteira cancellaria
• Sorex
  • †Sorex arcticus
  • †Sorex cinereus
  • †Sorex dispar
  • †Sorex fumeus
  • †Sorex hoyi
  • 

    A living Sorex palustris, or American water shrew
    †Sorex palustris
• †Spatangus
  • †
• Spermophilus
  • †Spermophilus tridecemlineatus
• Sphaerium
  • †
• †
  • †
• • †
• Sphyraena
  • †
• †Sphyrapicus
  • †Sphyrapicus varius
• 

  A living Sphyrna hammerhead shark
  Sphyrna
• Spilogale
  • †Spilogale putorius
• †
  • †
• Spisula
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene shark-toothed dolphin Squalodon
  †Squalodon
  • †Squalodon calvertensis
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • † – type locality for species
• Squalus
  • †
• Squatina
  • †
• †Stenotrema
  • †
  • †Stenotrema hirsutum
• †
  • †
• Stewartia
  • †
• Storeria
• †
  • †
• † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• Striarca
  • †
  • †
• 

  Fossilized teeth of the Paleocene-Miocene sandshark Striatolamia
  †Striatolamia
  • †
• Strioterebrum
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Strobilops
  • †
• Strombiformis
• Sturnella – or unidentified comparable form
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• Sveltia – or unidentified comparable form
• †Syllomus
  • †Syllomus aegyptiacus – type locality for species
  • †
• Sylvilagus
  • 

    A living Sylvilagus transitionalis, or New England cottontail
    †Sylvilagus transitionalis
• Symplocos
  • †
• Synaptomys
  • †Synaptomys cooperi
  • †

T[]

• Tagelus
  • †
• Tamias
  • †Tamias striatus
• †
  • †
• Tamiasciurus
  • †Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• 

  A living Tapirus, or tapir
  Tapirus
  • †Tapirus veroensis
• Tautoga
  • †Tautoga onitis
• †
  • †
• Tectonatica
  • †Tectonatica pusilla
• Teinostoma
  • †
  • †
• 

  Shell of a Tellina, or tellin
  Tellina
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †
  • †
• Terebra
• Teredo
  • †
• Terrapene
  • †Terrapene carolina
• Textularia
• †
  • †
• Thamnophis
  • †Thamnophis sirtalis
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Oligocene-Miocene gavial relative Thecachampsa
  †Thecachampsa
  • †Thecachampsa antiqua
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• †Thoracosaurus
  • †Thoracosaurus neocesariensis
• Thracia
• †Thuja
  • †Thuja occidentalis
• 

  A school of living Thunnus, or tunas
  Thunnus
• Tilia
• Tinospora
  • †
• Torcula
  • †
• †
• Toxostoma
  • †Toxostoma rufum
• • †
• †
• Triakis
  • †
• Trigonostoma
• Tringa – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Tringa solitaria
• †Triodopsis
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • 

    A living Triodopsis tridentata land snail, or northern threetooth
    †Triodopsis tridentata
  • †
• Triphora
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Trochita
  • †
  • †Trochita trochiformis
• Trochocyathus
  • †
• Trox
• †Tsuga
  • †Tsuga canadensis – or unidentified comparable form
• Tucetona
  • †
• – or unidentified comparable form
• †Turbinolia
  • †
• † – tentative report
• Turbonilla
  • †Turbonilla interrupta
  • †
• † – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
  • †
• Turdus
  • †Turdus migratorius
• 

  Fossilized shells of the Late Jurassic-modern tower snail Turritella
  Turritella
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †

U[]

• Uria
  • 

    A pair of living Uria aalge, or common murre
    †Uria aalge
• Urosalpinx
  • †
  • †Urosalpinx cinerea
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Ursus
  • †Ursus americanus

V[]

• Vallonia
  • †Vallonia costata
• Valvata
• Venericardia
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Vermetus
• Vertigo
  • †
  • †
• Vitis
• Vitrinella
  • †
• †
  • †
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Eocene bony fish Voltaconger
  †Voltaconger
  • †
• Voluta
  • †
• Volutifusus
  • †
• Vulpes

W[]

• †
  • †
• †

X[]

• Xenophora
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Miocene whale Xiphiacetus
  †Xiphiacetus
  • †Xiphiacetus bossi – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species

Y[]

• Yoldia
  • †
  • 

    Illustration of the shell of a Yoldia limatula, or file yoldia
    †Yoldia limatula
  • †

Z[]

• Zapus
  • †Zapus hudsonius
• †
• Zonotrichia
  • 

    A living Zonotrichia albicollis, or white-throated sparrow
    †Zonotrichia albicollis

Notes[]

References[]

• Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database. "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". Retrieved 17 December 2021. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)