List of the Cenozoic life of Maryland

This list of the Cenozoic life of Maryland contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of Maryland and are between 66 million and 10,000 years of age.

A[]

• †Abra – tentative report
  • †
• Acanthodesia
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• 

  Illustration of a living Acipenser sturgeon
  Acipenser
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Acropora
  • †Acropora palmata
• Acteocina
  • †Acteocina canaliculata
• Acteon
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †Acus
  • †
• †Adocus
• †Aepycamelus – tentative report
• Aetobatus
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Fossilized skull of the Miocene baleen whale Aglaocetus
  †Aglaocetus
  • †Aglaocetus patulus
• Alca
  • †Alca torda – or unidentified comparable form
• • †
  • †
• †Ambystoma
  • †Ambystoma maculatum
  • †Ambystoma tigrinum
• Amia
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene beardog Amphicyon
  †Amphicyon
• Amyda
  • †
• Anachis
  • †
• Anadara
  • †
  • †Anadara ovalis
  • †
  • †Anadara transversa
• Anas
  • †Anas crecca
• Ancilla – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
• Angulus
  • †
• Anomia
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †Anomia simplex
• Anticlimax – tentative report
  • † – type locality for species
• †Aphelops – tentative report
• †
  • †
• Aporrhais
  • †
• Aquila
  • †Aquila chrysaetos
• †Araeodelphis – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• Arca
  • †
  • †
• †Archaeohippus
• Architectonica
  • † informal
  • † informal
• 

  Restoration of an Arctodus, or short-faced bear, with a human to scale
  †Arctodus
  • †Arctodus pristinus
• Argopecten
  • †Argopecten irradians
• †Armatobalanus
  • †
• Arossia
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †Asaphis
  • †
• †
  • †
• 

  Shell of a modern Astarte bivalve
  Astarte
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †Astarte undata
• Asterias
  • †Asterias forbesi – or unidentified comparable form
• Astrangia
  • †Astrangia danae
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• †Astroscopus
  • 

    Life restoration of the Miocene stargazer Astroscopus countermani
    †Astroscopus countermani – type locality for species
• Astyris
  • †
  • †Astyris lunata
• • †
• Athleta
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• Atrina
  • †
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene sperm whale Aulophyseter
  †Aulophyseter
  • † – type locality for species

B[]

• 

  Portrait of a living Balaenoptera baleen whale
  Balaenoptera
  • ���
  • † – type locality for species
• Balanus
  • †
  • †
  • †Balanus crenatus
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• Bankia
  • †
• Barnea
  • †
• • †
• †
  • †
• †
• • †
• Blarina
  • 

    A living Blarina brevicauda, or northern short-tailed shrew
    †Blarina brevicauda
  • †Blarina carolinensis
• † – or unidentified comparable form
• Bonasa
  • †Bonasa umbellus
• Boreotrophon
  • † – type locality for species
• Brachidontes
  • †
• †Brachyprotoma
  • †Brachyprotoma obtusata
• †Brevoortia
  • 

    A living Brevoortia tyrannus, or Atlantic menhaden
    †Brevoortia tyrannus – or unidentified comparable form
• • †
  • †
• Bufo
  • †Bufo americanus
  • †Bufo woodhousei
• †
  • †
  • †
• Busycon – type locality for genus
  • †Busycon carica
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
• Busycotypus
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †Busycotypus canaliculatus
  • †
  • †

C[]

• Cadulus
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Caecum
  • †
• †
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †
  • †
• Callinectes
  • †Callinectes ornatus
  • 

    A living Callinectes sapidus, or Chesapeake blue crab
    †Callinectes sapidus
• Calliostoma
  • †
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
  • †
• Callista
  • †
• • †
• 

  A living Calonectris shearwater
  Calonectris
• Calyptraea
  • † – type locality for species
  • †Calyptraea centralis
• †
  • †
• Cancellaria
  • †
• Cancer
  • †Cancer irroratus
• Canis
  • 

    Illustration in multiple views of a fossilized skull of the Pleistocene Canis armbrusteri, or Armbruster's wolf
    †Canis armbrusteri – type locality for species
  • †Canis latrans
  • †Canis rufus – or unidentified comparable form
• Cantharus
  • †
• †
  • †
• Carcharhinus
  • †
• Carcharias
  • † – type locality for species
• Carcharodon
  • †
  • 

    Fossilized tooth of the Miocene-Pliocene shark Cosmopolitodus hastalis, or broad-toothed mako
    †Carcharodon hastalis
• Cardita
  • †
• †
• Carphophis
  • †Carphophis amoenus
• Caryocorbula
  • †
  • †
• Cassis
• Castor
  • †Castor canadensis
• • † – type locality for species
• †Cephalotropis – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• Cerastoderma
  • †
• Cervus
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• Cetorhinus
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene whale Cetotherium
  †Cetotherium
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• Chama
  • †
• Chelone
• Chelydra
  • †Chelydra serpentina
• †
  • †
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †Chesapecten
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • 

    Shells of the Pliocene scallop Chesapecten jeffersonius
    †Chesapecten jeffersonius
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• Chlamys
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• Chrysemys
  • 

    A living Chrysemys picta, or painted turtle
    †Chrysemys picta
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Circulus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
  • † informal
• Cirsotrema
  • † informal
  • † informal
• Clavus
• †
  • †
• Clementia
  • †
• Clethrionomys
  • †Clethrionomys gapperi – or unidentified comparable form
• Cliona
  • †Cliona sulphurea
• †
  • †
• Coluber
  • †Coluber constrictor
• 

  Fossil of the Miocene-Pleistocene barnacle Concavus
  Concavus
  • †
  • †
• Condylura
  • †Condylura cristata
• Conopeum
  • †
• Conus
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• • †
• 

  Shell of a Corbula basket clam
  Corbula
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
• Crassatella
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Crassostrea
  • †Crassostrea virginica
• – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Crepidula
  • †Crepidula fornicata
  • †Crepidula plana
• 

  Fossil of the Early Cretaceous-Eocene shark Cretolamna
  †Cretolamna
  • †Cretolamna appendiculata
• Crotalus
  • †Crotalus horridus
• Crucibulum
  • †
  • †
  • †
• 

  A living Cryptobranchus alleganiensis, or hellbender salamander
  Cryptobranchus
  • † – type locality for species
• Cucullaea
  • †Cucullaea gigantea
  • †
• Cumingia
  • †
• †
• Cyclocardia
  • †
• †
  • †
• Cyclostremiscus
  • † – type locality for species
• Cylichna
  • † – type locality for species
• Cymatosyrinx
  • † – type locality for species
• †Cynarctus
  • † – type locality for species
  • †Cynarctus wangi – type locality for species
• † – tentative report
• Cypraea
• Cyrtopleura
  • 

    Shell in multiple views of a Cyrtopleura costata, or angel wing clam
    †Cyrtopleura costata
• Cythara
• †
  • †
• • †
• †Cytheris
  • †

D[]

• †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• 

  A living Dasyatis stingray
  Dasyatis
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• Dentalium
  • †
• †
• Diadophis
  • †Diadophis punctatus
• Diodora
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• 

  Underside of the reconstructed cranium of the Miocene baleen whale Diorocetus
  †Diorocetus – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• Diplodonta
  • †
  • †
• †Dipoides
• Discinisca
  • †
  • †
• • †
• †Dolicholatirus
• 

  Fossil shell of the Cretaceous-modern marine venus clam Dosinia
  Dosinia
  • †
• †
  • †

E[]

• †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• Echinocardium
  • † – type locality for species
• Echinophoria – type locality for genus
  • †
• †Ecphora
  • † – type locality for species
  • 

    Illustration of a fossilized shell of the Miocene murex sea snail Ecphora gardnerae
    †Ecphora gardnerae
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †Ectoganus
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• †Ectopistes
  • †Ectopistes migratorius
• Elaphe
  • †Elaphe vulpina
• Electra
  • †
• Elphidium
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Ensis
  • †Ensis directus
  • †
• †Entobia
• • †
  • †
• Eontia
  • †
  • †
• †Eopleurotoma – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
  • †
• 

  Fossilized cranium in multiple views of the Paleocene-Eocene gavial relative Eosuchus
  †Eosuchus
  • †Eosuchus minor
• †Eosurcula – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• Epitonium
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †Epitonium humphreysii
  • †
  • †
  • †
• • †
• Eptesicus
  • †Eptesicus fuscus – or unidentified comparable form
• Equus
  • †
  • †Equus giganteus
• Erethizon
  • †Erethizon dorsatum
• 

  Life restoration of the Pleistocene bovid Euceratherium, or the shrub ox. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913).
  †Euceratherium
  • †Euceratherium collinum
• †Euclastes – tentative report
• • †
• Eulima
  • † – type locality for species
  • † informal
• Eumeces
  • †Eumeces fasciatus – or unidentified comparable form
• Eupleura
  • †Eupleura caudata
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene whale Eurhinodelphis (above)
  †Eurhinodelphis
  • †Eurhinodelphis longirostris
• Euspira
  • †Euspira heros
  • †
  • †

F[]

• Felis
  • †
• †Ficopsis
• Fissurella
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Living Fistulobalanus barnacles
  †Fistulobalanus
  • †
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• †Fulgar
  • †

G[]

• 

  A living Galeocerdo cuvier, or tiger shark
  Galeocerdo
  • †Galeocerdo aduncus
  • †
  • †Galeocerdo contortus
  • †
• Galeodea
• Gari
  • †
• Gastrochaena
• Gavia
  • †Gavia immer
• 

  Fossilized skull of the Miocene crocodile relative Gavialosuchus
  †Gavialosuchus
  • †
• • †
• Gemma
  • †Gemma gemma
• Genota – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• Geukensia
  • †Geukensia demissa
• Gibbula – tentative report
  • †
• ��
  • †
• 

  A living Glaucomys, or New World flying squirrel
  Glaucomys
• Globigerina
  • †
• Globigerinoides
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
• Glossus
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Glycimeris
  • †
• Glycymeris
  • †Glycymeris americana
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Glyptemys
  • †Glyptemys muhlenbergii
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene elephant relative Gomphotherium
  †Gomphotherium
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• Gulo
  • †Gulo gulo
• Gyrinophilus
  • †Gyrinophilus porphyriticus – or unidentified comparable form

H[]

• †
  • †
• †Hadrodelphis – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• Haminoea
  • †
• 

  Shells in differing orientations of Hastula augur sea snails
  Hastula
  • †
  • †
• Haustator
  • † informal
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †Heliadornis – type locality for genus
  • †Heliadornis ashbyi – type locality for species
• • †
  • †
• Hemipristis
  • 

    Fossilized teeth of the Miocene weasel shark Hemipristis serra
    †Hemipristis serra
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
• Heterodon
  • †Heterodon platyrhinos – or unidentified comparable form
• Hiatella
  • †Hiatella arctica
  • †
• Hippoporidra
  • †
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pliocene horse Hippotherium
  †Hippotherium
• Hyla
  • †Hyla crucifer
• Hyotissa
  • †
• Hysteroconcha
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †

I[]

• Ictalurus
• Ilyanassa
  • †Ilyanassa obsoleta
  • †Ilyanassa trivittata
• Ischadium
  • †Ischadium recurvum
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Middle Jurassic-Miocene Chimaera relative Ischyodus
  †Ischyodus
  • † – type locality for species
• Isognomon
  • †
  • †
• Isurus
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species

J[]

• †
  • † – type locality for species

K[]

• • †
• †
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene dolphin Kentriodon
  †Kentriodon – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• Kuphus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
• Kurtziella
  • †Kurtziella cerina

L[]

• †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Lacuna
  • † – type locality for species
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †Lagodon
• 

  A modern Lamna mackerel shark
  Lamna
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Lampropeltis
  • †Lampropeltis triangulum
• Lasiopodomys
  • †
• • †
• Lepisosteus
• †
  • †
  • †
• †Leptophoca – type locality for genus
  • †Leptophoca lenis – type locality for species
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Lepus
  • 

    A living Lepus americanus, or snowshoe hare
    †Lepus americanus
• †
  • †
• Libinia
  • †Libinia dubia
• †Lingulodinium
  • †
• Lirophora
  • †
  • †
  • †Lirophora latilirata
  • †
• Lithophaga – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• Littoraria
  • †Littoraria irrorata
• Lontra
  • 

    Pair of living Lontra canadensis, or North American river otter
    †Lontra canadensis
• †Lophocetus
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• † – tentative report
• Lopholatilus
• • †
• Lucina – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
• Lucina
  • †
  • †
• Lucinoma
  • †
  • †
• Lunatia
  • †
• Lyonsia
  • †

M[]

• Macoma
  • 

    Shell of a Limecola balthica, or Baltic clam
    †Macoma balthica
  • †
• Macrocallista
  • †
  • †
• †Macrokentriodon – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• • †
  • †
• †Mammut
  • †Mammut americanum
• †Mammuthus
  • †Mammuthus columbi
  • 

    Life restorations of a Mammut americanum, or American mastodon (right), and a Mammuthus primigenius, or wooly mammoth (left)
    †Mammuthus primigenius
• Marginella
  • †Marginella minuta
• † – type locality for genus
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• † – type locality for genus
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • †
• Marmota
  • 

    A living Marmota monax, or groundhog
    †Marmota monax
• Martesia
  • †
  • †
• †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• • †
• Mathilda
  • † – type locality for species
  • † informal
  • † informal
  • † informal
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene ground sloth Megalonyx
  †Megalonyx
• Megaptera
  • † – type locality for species
• Melampus
  • †Melampus bidentatus
• Melanitta
  • †Melanitta deglandi
• Meleagris
  • †Meleagris gallopavo
• †
  • †
• Membranipora
  • †
• Menestho
  • † informal
• Mephitis
  • †Mephitis mephitis
• Mercenaria
  • †
  • †Mercenaria campechiensis
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – tentative report
  • 

    Collection of Mercenaria mercenaria, also known as hard clams or quahogs
    †Mercenaria mercenaria
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Meretrix
  • †
• †Merychippus
• †Mesocetus
  • †
• † – tentative report
  • †
  • †
• †Messapicetus
  • †
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene manatee relative Metaxytherium
  †Metaxytherium
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• Microtus
  • †Microtus chrotorrhinus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Microtus pennsylvanicus
• • †
• • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• 

  Restoration of the Pliocene-Pleistocene Miracinonyx, or American cheetah
  †Miracinonyx
  • †Miracinonyx inexpectatus
• Mitra
  • †
• Modiolus
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †Modiolus modiolus
  • † – type locality for species
• † – tentative report
  • †
• †Monotherium
  • †
• Morus
  • † – type locality for species
• Mulinia
  • †Mulinia lateralis
• Mustela
  • 

    A living Neovison vison, or American mink
    †Mustela vison – or unidentified comparable form
• †Mya
  • †Mya arenaria
• Myliobatis
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
  • †
  • †
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Holocene peccary Mylohyus
  †Mylohyus
  • †Mylohyus fossilis – type locality for species
  • †
• Myodes
• Myotis
  • †Myotis grisescens – or unidentified comparable form
• – tentative report
  • †
  • †
• • †
• Mytilus
  • †

N[]

• †Nanosiren – tentative report
• Napaeozapus
  • †Napaeozapus insignis
• Narona
  • †
• Nassa
• 

  A living Nassarius, or nassa mud snail
  Nassarius
  • †
  • †Nassarius vibex
• Nemocardium
  • †
• Neofiber
• Neotoma – type locality for genus
  • †Neotoma floridana
  • † – type locality for species
• Nerodia
  • 

    A living Nerodia sipedon, or northern water snake
    †Nerodia sipedon
• Neverita
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• † – type locality for genus
  • †
• • †
• • †
  • †
  • †
• • †
  • †
• Notophthalmus
  • †Notophthalmus viridescens – or unidentified comparable form
• Notorynchus
  • 

    Close-up portrait of a living Notorynchus cepedianus, or broadnose sevengill shark
    †Notorynchus cepedianus – type locality for species
• Novocrania
  • †
• Nucula
  • †
  • †Nucula proxima
  • †
  • †
• Nuculana
  • †Nuculana acuta
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †

O[]

• Ochotona
  • †Ochotona princeps – or unidentified comparable form
• Odocoileus
  • †Odocoileus virginianus
• 

  A living Odontaspis sand shark
  Odontaspis
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• †
• Odostomia
  • †
• †
  • †
• Ondatra
  • †
  • †Ondatra zibethicus
• †
  • †
  • †
• Opheodrys
  • †Opheodrys vernalis
• Ophiura
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene sperm whale Orycterocetus
  †Orycterocetus
  • †
• †Osteopygis
  • †
• Ostrea
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †Otodus
  • †Otodus angustidens – tentative report
  • 

    Diagram illustrating the largest (grey) and most conservative (red) size estimates of the Miocene-Pliocene shark Carcharocles megalodon (sometimes Carcharodon or Otodus megalodon) with a whale shark (violet), great white shark (green), and anachronistic human (black) to scale
    †Otodus megalodon
• Otus
  • † – type locality for species
• †Oxyrhina
  • †
  • †Oxyrhina desorii
  • †
  • †
  • †

P[]

• Pagurus
  • †Pagurus pollicaris
• †Palaeocarcharodon
  • †
• †
  • †
• 

  Restoration of the Cretaceous-Eocene sea snake Palaeophis
  †Palaeophis
  • †
• †
  • †
• Pandora
  • †
• Panopea
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Panopeus
  • †Panopeus herbstii
• Panthera
  • 

    A living Panthera leo, or lion
    †Panthera leo
  • †Panthera onca
• • †
• †
  • †
• Parascalops
  • †Parascalops breweri
• †Parietobalaena – type locality for genus
  • †Parietobalaena palmeri – type locality for species
• • †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Pecten
  • †
  • †
• Pekania
  • † – type locality for species
• †Pelocetus – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Periploma – tentative report
• Perisoreus
  • 

    A living Perisoreus canadensis, or grey jay
    †Perisoreus canadensis
• Peromyscus
  • †
  • †Peromyscus leucopus – or unidentified comparable form
• †
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• Petricola
  • †
  • †Petricola pholadiformis
• Phacoides
  • †
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Paleocene-Eocene ungulate Phenacodus. Charles R. Knight (1898).
  †Phenacodus – tentative report
• †
  • †
• Phenacomys
• †Phocageneus
  • †
• Pholadomya
  • †
• †Physeterula
• • †
• Pinna
• Pipistrellus
• 

  Shell of a Pitar venus clam
  Pitar
  • †Pitar morrhuanus
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Pitymys
  • †
• Placopecten
  • †
  • †
  • †
• Platidia
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  Restoration of a herd of alarmed Miocene-Pleistocene peccaries of the genus Platygonus. Charles R. Knight (1922).
  †Platygonus
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
• Plecotus
  • † – type locality for species
• Plethodon
  • †
• Pleurotomella
  • †Pleurotomella bellistriata – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• Pogonias
  • 

    A living Pogonias cromis, or black drum
    †Pogonias cromis – or unidentified comparable form
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• Polydora
• Polystira
  • †
  • †
• • †
• †
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Paleocene-Eocene waterfowl Presbyornis
  †Presbyornis
  • † – type locality for species
• †Prionodon
  • †
• Prionotus
  • †Prionotus evolans – or unidentified related form
• †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †
  • †
• Propebela
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• Prophaethon – tentative report
• †
  • †
  • †
• †Protocardia
  • †
• Pseudacris
  • 

    A living Pseudacris triseriata, or western chorus frog
    †Pseudacris triseriata
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• Pseudoliva
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• – or unidentified comparable form
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• Pteria
• †Ptychosalpinx
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• 

  A living Puffinus shearwater
  Puffinus
  • † – type locality for species
• Pycnodonte
  • †
• † – tentative report

Q[]

• 

  Shell of a Quinqueloculina foraminiferan
  Quinqueloculina
  • †
  • †

R[]

• †Rana
  • 

    A living Lithobates clamitans (sometimes Rana clamitans), or green frog
    †Rana clamitans
  • †Rana pipiens
  • †Rana sylvatica
• Rangia
  • †Rangia cuneata
• Ranzania
• †
  • †
• Retusa
  • †
  • †
  • †
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• Rhinoptera
• Rhynchobatus
  • †
• †
  • 

    A living Morone saxatilis (formerly Roccus saxatilis), or striped bass
    †Roccus saxatilis
• †
  • †
  • †

S[]

• • †
• Salamandra
  • †
• †
  • †
• †
  • †
• 

  Fossilized teeth of the Neogene sperm whale Scaldicetus
  †Scaldicetus
• †Scapanorhynchus
  • † – tentative report
• Scaphander
  • † – type locality for species
• Scaphella – type locality for genus
  • †
  • †
• Sceloporus
  • †Sceloporus undulatus – or unidentified comparable form
• 

  Fossilized skull of the Miocene toothed whale Schizodelphis
  †Schizodelphis
  • †
  • †
• Schizoporella
  • †Schizoporella unicornis
• Sciaenops
  • †
• • †
• Sciurus
  • †Sciurus carolinensis
• †Scutella
  • †
• †Sediliopsis – type locality for genus
  • †Sediliopsis gracilis
• Seila
  • †Seila adamsii
• Semele – tentative report
• Semele
  • †
  • †
• Serpulorbis
  • †
  • †
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• Siphonalia
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Pleistocene-Holocene saber-tooth cat Smilodon
  †Smilodon
  • †Smilodon fatalis
• †
  • †
• • † informal
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• †
  • †
• • †
• Solen
• Sorex
  • 

    A living Sorex cinereus, or cinereus shrew
    †Sorex cinereus
  • †Sorex fumeus
• Spermophilus
  • †Spermophilus tridecemlineatus
• †
  • †
• – tentative report
• †Sphyraenodus
  • †
• 

  A living Sphyrna hammerhead shark
  Sphyrna
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
• Spilogale
  • †Spilogale putorius – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• • †
• Spisula
  • †
• 

  Life restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene shark-toothed dolphin Squalodon
  †Squalodon
  • †
  • †Squalodon calvertensis – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
  • †
  • † – type locality for species
• Squatina
  • † – type locality for species
• Squilla
  • 

    Illustration of a living Squilla empusa mantis shrimp
    †Squilla empusa
• †Stenasodelphis – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• Stewartia
  • †
  • †
• • †
• Stramonita
  • †
• †
• Strioterebrum
  • †
• Stylopoma
  • †
• †
  • †
• †Syllomus
  • †Syllomus aegyptiacus – type locality for species
• Sylvilagus
  • †Sylvilagus floridanus
• Synaptomys
  • 

    A living Synaptomys cooperi, or southern bog lemming
    †Synaptomys cooperi
• †Synechodus
  • †
  • †
• Syrnola
  • † – type locality for species

T[]

• Tagelus
  • †
• Tamias
  • †Tamias striatus
• Tamiasciurus
  • †Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
• †Taphrosphys
  • † – type locality for species
• †Tapiravus
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
• 

  A living Tapirus, or tapir
  Tapirus
  • †Tapirus haysii – or unidentified comparable form
• †Tasbacka
  • † – type locality for species
• Taxidea
  • †Taxidea taxus – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• Teinostoma
  • †
  • †
• Tellina
  • †
  • †
• Terebra
  • †
• Terebratula
  • † – type locality for species
• Teredo
  • †
• Terrapene
  • †Terrapene carolina
• Testudo
  • † – type locality for species
• Textularia
  • †
• Thamnophis
• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Oligocene-Miocene gavial relative Thecachampsa
  †Thecachampsa
  • †Thecachampsa antiqua
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • †
• Thomomys – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• Thracia
  • †
• Torcula
  • †
• †
  • †
• • † – type locality for species
• 

  A living Tremarctos, or spectacled bear
  Tremarctos
  • †Tremarctos floridanus
• †
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• Triloculina
  • †
• Trionyx – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
  • †
• Triphora
  • †
• Tritonium
  • † – type locality for species
• Trochita
  • †
• †Trygon
  • †
• †Tuba – tentative report
• †
  • †
• – or unidentified comparable form
• Turricula – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
• Turris – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
  • †
  • †
• 

  Fossilized shells of the Late Jurassic-modern tower snail Turritella
  Turritella
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
  • †
• 

  A living Tursiops, or bottlenose dolphin
  Tursiops
• Typhis
  • †

U[]

• Umbraculum – tentative report
• Urosalpinx
  • †Urosalpinx cinerea
  • †
• Ursus
  • 

    A living Ursus americanus, or American black bear
    †Ursus americanus

V[]

• Venericardia
  • †
  • †
  • †
• 

  A living Vespertilio bat
  Vespertilio
  • †
• Vitrinella
  • † – type locality for species
• Volutifusus
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • †
• Volvulella
• Vulpes

X[]

• 

  Fossilized skeleton of the Miocene whale Xiphiacetus
  †Xiphiacetus
  • †Xiphiacetus bossi – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• Xiphias
  • † – tentative report

Y[]

• Yoldia
  • †
  • 

    Illustration of the shell of a Yoldia limatula, or file yoldia
    †Yoldia limatula
  • †
• †

Z[]

• † – type locality for genus
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – type locality for species
• †
  • † – type locality for species

References[]

• Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database. "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". Retrieved 17 December 2021. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)