List of things named after J. R. R. Tolkien and his works

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The British author J. R. R. Tolkien (1892–1973) and the names of fictional characters and places he invented for his legendarium have become the namesake of various things around and outside the world, including street names, mountains, companies, species of animals and plants, asteroids, and other notable objects.

Astronomy[]

"Eye of Sauron": dust ring around HR 4796A
  • The asteroids 2991 Bilbo and 2675 Tolkien were both discovered and named in 1982.[1][2]
  • The Kuiper Belt object 385446 Manwë and its moon Thorondor were discovered in 2003.[3][4]
  • Balrog Macula is the largest of the series of equatorial dark regions on Pluto.[5][6]
  • The nickname "Eye of Sauron" has been given to multiple eye-like objects, namely the planetary nebulae M 1-42[7][8] and Helix Nebula,[9][10] the star system HR 4796A,[11][12] and the intermediate spiral Seyfert galaxy NGC 4151.[13]
  • Mordor Macula is the unofficial name of a large dark area near the north pole of Charon, Pluto's largest moon.[14][15] It is named after the shadow lands in Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, which it resembles in shape.[16]
  • The Mars-crossing asteroid 378214 Sauron was discovered in 2007.[17]
  • The trans-Neptunian object 174567 Varda and its moon Ilmarë were discovered in 2006 and 2011 (respectively) and named in 2014.[18]

Geography of Titan[]

Further information: List of geological features on Titan

By convention, certain classes of features on Saturn's moon Titan are named after elements from Middle-earth.[19] Colles (small hills or knobs) are named for characters,[20] while montes (mountains) are named for mountains of Middle-earth.[21]

Colles[]

Collis[20] Coordinates Diameter (km) Named after
Arwen Colles 7°30′S 250°00′W / 7.5°S 250.0°W / -7.5; -250.0 (Arwen) 64 Arwen, character from The Lord of the Rings
Bilbo Colles 4°12′S 38°36′W / 4.2°S 38.6°W / -4.2; -38.6 (Bilbo) 164 Bilbo Baggins, titular character of The Hobbit
Faramir Colles 4°00′N 153°48′W / 4.0°N 153.8°W / 4.0; -153.8 (Faramir) 82 Faramir, character from The Lord of the Rings
14°36′N 209°30′W / 14.6°N 209.5°W / 14.6; -209.5 (Gandalf) 102 Gandalf, character from The Lord of the Rings
10°00′N 356°42′W / 10.0°N 356.7°W / 10.0; -356.7 (Handir) 100 Handir, character from The Silmarillion
11°54′N 151°18′W / 11.9°N 151.3°W / 11.9; -151.3 (Nimloth) 90 Nimloth, name of a character and a tree from Middle-earth

Montes[]

Mons Coordinates Named after
10°00′S 221°00′W / 10.0°S 221.0°W / -10.0; -221.0 (Angmar Montes)
11°36′S 216°48′W / 11.6°S 216.8°W / -11.6; -216.8 (Dolmed Montes) Mount Dolmed
Doom Mons 14°39′S 40°25′W / 14.65°S 40.42°W / -14.65; -40.42 (Doom Mons) Mount Doom
7°24′S 213°48′W / 7.4°S 213.8°W / -7.4; -213.8 (Echoriat Montes) Echoriath
Erebor Mons 4°58′S 36°14′W / 4.97°S 36.23°W / -4.97; -36.23 (Erebor Mons) Erebor, the Lonely Mountain
9°54′S 207°54′W / 9.9°S 207.9°W / -9.9; -207.9 (Gram Montes) Mount Gram
Irensaga Montes 5°41′S 212°43′W / 5.68°S 212.71°W / -5.68; -212.71 (Irensaga Montes) Irensaga
8°54′S 211°48′W / 8.9°S 211.8°W / -8.9; -211.8 (Merlock Montes) Merlock Mountains
Mindolluin Montes 3°18′S 208°58′W / 3.3°S 208.96°W / -3.3; -208.96 (Mindolluin Montes) Mindolluin
Misty Montes 56°48′N 62°26′W / 56.8°N 62.44°W / 56.8; -62.44 (Misty Montes) Misty Mountains
Mithrim Montes 2°10′S 127°25′W / 2.16°S 127.42°W / -2.16; -127.42 (Mithrim Montes) Mountains of Mithrim
15°06′N 190°30′W / 15.1°N 190.5°W / 15.1; -190.5 (Moria Montes) Mountains of Moria
4°48′S 212°06′W / 4.8°S 212.1°W / -4.8; -212.1 (Rerir Montes) Mount Rerir
Taniquetil Montes 3°40′S 213°16′W / 3.67°S 213.26°W / -3.67; -213.26 (Taniquetil Montes) Taniquetil

Companies and other entities[]

  • Iron Crown Enterprises produces role playing, board, miniature, and collectible card games since 1980. Many of ICE's better-known products were related to Tolkien's world of Middle-earth. It was named after the crown worn by Morgoth.[22]
  • Middle-earth Enterprises, formerly known as Tolkien Enterprises, is a trading name for a division of The Saul Zaentz Company, located in Berkeley, California. The company owns the worldwide exclusive rights to certain elements of J. R. R. Tolkien's two most famous literary works: The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit. These elements include the titles of the works, the names of characters contained within as well as the names of places, objects and events within them, and certain short phrases and sayings from the works.[23]
  • Palantir Technologies is a private American software and services company, specializing in data analysis. Named after the crystal balls from Tolkien's legendarium, Palantir's original clients were federal agencies of the United States Intelligence Community like CIA and NSA.[24]
  • Lembas Capital is a San Francisco-based investment firm named after the Elven waybread that appears in The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion. The company invests in both public equity and private equity.[25]
  • The Tolkien Estate is the legal body which manages the property of J. R. R. Tolkien, including the copyright in his works. The individual copyrights have for the most part been assigned by the Estate to subsidiary entities such as the J. R. R. Tolkien Discretionary Settlement and The Tolkien Trust.[26][27]
  • Anduril Industries[28]
  • Mithril, a decentralized social media platform[29]
  • The Rivendell Winery operated from 1987 to December 2008 in New York's Hudson River Valley; in 2003 Rivendell's 2003 Dry Riesling captured the Governor's Cup at the 19th annual New York Wine and Food Classic.[30]

Mountains[]

  • Three mountains in the Cadwallader Range of British Columbia, Canada: Mount Shadowfax, Mount Gandalf and Mount Aragorn.[31][32]
  • On 1 December 2012, a bid was launched for the New Zealand Geographic Board to name a mountain peak near Milford Sound after Tolkien to mark Tolkien's 121st birthday.[33]

Marine features[]

Several undersea features in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Ireland and south of Iceland,[34] including:

At least three seamounts in the Indian Ocean, including:[41]

Music[]

  • Amon Amarth, a Swedish melodic death metal band, that takes its name from the Sindarin name of Mount Doom.[42]
  • Burzum, a Norwegian music project founded by Varg Vikernes in 1991. The word "burzum" means "darkness" in the black speech, a fictional language crafted by Tolkien.[43]
  • Ephel Duath, an Italian avant garde metal/hardcore punk band, formed in 1998 took their name after the mountain range in The Lord of the Rings.[44]
  • Gorgoroth, a Norwegian black metal band, named after the dead plateau of darkness in the land of Mordor.[45]
  •  [nl], a neo-prog band from Baltimore, US, took their name from Eru Iluvatar.[46]
  • Marillion, a British rock band, formed in 1979, was named "The Silmarillion", but was shortened to Marillion in 1981 to avoid potential copyright conflicts.[47][48]
  • Shadowfax, a new-age group, took its name from Gandalf the White's horse Shadowfax.[49]

Ships[]

  • J.R. Tolkien, a gaff-topsail schooner of Netherlands registry used for passenger cruises on the Baltic Sea and elsewhere in European waters, was built in 1964, and renamed in honour of Tolkien in 1998.[50][51][52]

Street names and places[]

The "Tolkien Road" in Eastbourne, East Sussex, was named after Tolkien whereas the "Tolkien Way" in Stoke-on-Trent is named after Tolkien's eldest son, Fr. John Francis Tolkien, who was the priest in charge at the nearby Roman Catholic Church of Our Lady of the Angels and St. Peter in Chains.[53] In the Hall Green and Moseley areas of Birmingham there are a number of parks and walkways dedicated to J. R. R. Tolkien—most notably, the Millstream Way and Moseley Bog.[54] Collectively the parks are known as the Shire Country Parks.[54] In the Dutch town of Geldrop, near Eindhoven, the streets of an entire new neighbourhood are named after Tolkien himself ("Laan van Tolkien") and some of the best-known characters from his books. Also in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset, England there are a collection of roads in the 'Weston Village' named after locales of Middle Earth, namely Hobbiton Road, Bree Close, Arnor Close, Rivendell, Westmarch Way and Buckland Green.

In the Silicon Valley towns of Saratoga and San Jose in California, there are two housing developments with street names drawn from Tolkien's works. About a dozen Tolkien-derived street names also appear scattered throughout the town of Lake Forest, California. The Columbia, Maryland, neighbourhood of Hobbit's Glen and its street names (including Rivendell Lane, Tooks Way, and Oakenshield Circle) come from Tolkien's works.[55] The Bend, Oregon housing development Forest Creek (formerly "The Shire") features the Tolkien-inspired names Ring Bearer Court, Shire Lane, and Wizard Lane.[56] One of the student housing complexes at the University of California, Irvine is named Middle Earth; its halls and other facilities were selected from Tolkien's legendarium.[57]

Iluvatar is a redwood tree in Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park in Northern California that has been confirmed to be at least 20.5 feet (6.2 m) in diameter at breast height, and 320 feet (98 m) in height. Measured by botanist Stephen C. Sillett, it is the world's third-largest coast redwood, the largest being Lost Monarch.[58]

Taxonomy[]

It has been noted that "Tolkien has been accorded formal taxonomic commemoration like no other author."[59] In the field of taxonomy, over 80 taxa (genera and species) have been given scientific names honouring, or deriving from, characters or other fictional elements from The Lord of the Rings, The Hobbit, and other works set in Middle-earth.[24]

Several taxa have been named after the character Gollum (also known as Sméagol), as well as for various hobbits, the small humanlike creatures such as Bilbo and Frodo Baggins. Various elves, dwarves, and other creatures that appear in his writings as well as Tolkien himself have been honoured in the names of several species, including the amphipod Leucothoe tolkieni, and the wasp Shireplitis tolkieni. In 2004, the extinct hominid Homo floresiensis was described, and quickly earned the nickname "hobbit" due to its small size.[60] In 1978, paleontologist Leigh Van Valen named over 20 taxa of extinct mammals after Tolkien lore in a single paper.[61][62] In 1999, entomologist Lauri Kaila described 48 new species of Elachista moths and named 37 of them after Tolkien mythology.[24][63][a] The entomologist Karl-Johan Hedqvist, also a fan of Tolkien, named several wasp genera after Tolkien's characters.[64]

Taxon Type Named for Notes Ref
Abacophrastus hobbit Beetle Hobbits "an allusion to the setose dorsal surface of the tarsi, analogous to the hairy feet of Tolkien’s Hobbits" [65]
True bug Nazgûl [66][67]
Hydrozoan Baggins family [68]
Aletodon mellon Fossil mammal Elvish language Mellon is the elvish word for "friend" that opened the doors to Moria [62]
Spider Ungoliant Ungoliant is a giant spider. [69]
Fish Lothlorien lorien, from the Quenya language meaning "Dream Land", used in allusion to the "beautiful areas" inhabited by the Brazilian species [70]
Ancalagon Priapulid Ancalagon the Black [71]
Fossil mammal Éowyn [62]
Ankalagon Fossil mammal Ancalagon the Black [62]
Toad Gollum [72]
Anthracosuchus balrogus Crocodyliform Balrog [73]
Ammonoid Erebor, the lonely mountain [74]
Balinia Wasp Balin Now revised to Acrias. [75]
Wasp Balrogs [76]
Beorn Tardigrade Beorn [77]
Beornia Wasp Beorn [78]
Fossil mammal Bombur, a dwarf Later renamed Bomburodon.[b] [62][80]
Borophagus orc Fossil mammal Orcs [81]
Breviceps bagginsi Frog Bilbo Baggins [82]
Fossil mammal Tom Bombadil [62]
Chriacus calenancus Fossil mammal calen, anca "Sindarin (Elvish) calen, green; anca, Jaws. Reference is to inferred herbivory" [62]
Kinorhynch Dor Daidelos Arctic species named for "The Region of Everlasting Cold" in The Silmarillion [83]
Kinorhynch Glaurung, a dragon [83]
Kinorhynch Scatha the Worm [83]
Fossil mammal Mûmakil, the elephants of Middle-earth [62]
Fossil mammal Durin, name of several dwarves Allusion is to size, being two-thirds the size of Deltatherium fundaminis [62]
Fossil mammal Mearas, the horses of Rohan [62]
Fossil mammal Eärendil [62]
Elachista aerinella Moth Aerin, a human [63]
Elachista amrodella Moth Amrod, an elf [63]
Elachista aranella Moth Aran- "E. aranella seems to owe its name to aran-, the 'royal prefix used by the Kings of Arthedain after Malvegil and by the Chieftains of the Dúnedain of the North to indicate their claim to all of Arnor'".[84] [63]
Elachista aredhella Moth Aredhel, an elf [63]
Elachista arthadella Moth Arthad, a human [63]
Elachista beorella Moth Bëor, a human [63]
Elachista bregorella Moth Bregor, a human [63]
Elachista caranthirella Moth Caranthir, an elf [63]
Elachista curufinella Moth Curufin, an elf [63]
Elachista daeronella Moth Daeron, an elf [63]
Elachista dagnirella Moth Dagnir, a human [63]
Elachista diorella Moth Dior Eluchíl [63]
Elachista eilinella Moth Eilinel, a human [63]
Elachista finarfinella Moth Finarfin, an elf [63]
Elachista galadella Moth Galadhrim, the Silvan Elves [63]
Elachista gildorella Moth Gildor Inglorion, an elf [63]
Elachista gorlimella Moth Gorlim, a human [63]
Elachista haldarella Moth Haldar, a human [63]
Elachista ibunella Moth , a dwarf [63]
Elachista indisella Moth Indis, an elf [63]
Elachista maglorella Moth Maglor, an elf [63]
Elachista marachella Moth Marach, a human [63]
Elachista miriella Moth Míriel Serindë, an elf [63]
Elachista morwenella Moth Morwen, a human [63]
Elachista neithanella Moth Túrin, a human Neithan is a pseudonym of Túrin.[24] [63]
Elachista nienorella Moth Niënor, a human [63]
Elachista olorinella Moth Gandalf From Gandalf's alternate name Olórin [63]
Elachista ragnorella Moth Ragnor, a human [63]
Elachista rianella Moth Rían, a human [63]
Elachista telcharella Moth Telchar, a dwarf [63]
Elachista telerella Moth Teleri [63]
Elachista turgonella Moth Turgon, an elf, founder of Gondolin [63]
Elachista tuorella Moth Tuor, a human [63]
Elachista turinella Moth Túrin, a human [63]
Entia Wasp Ents A synonym for Boucekastichus [85][86]
Fossil mammal Fimbrethil, the lost wife of Treebeard [62]
Fossil mammal Ambaróna, a name for the forest Fangorn [62]
Frodospira Gastropod Frodo Baggins [87]
Beetle J. R. R. Tolkien [88]
Galaxias gollumoides Fish Gollum Gollumoides means "Gollum-like".[24] [89]
Prehistoric insect Galadriel [90]
Gandalfia Flatworm Gandalf [91]
Gandalfus Crab Gandalf A crab from the waters of New Zealand, where the Peter Jackson trilogy was filmed [92]
Wasp Gildor Inglorion, an elf [93]
Gimlia Wasp Gimli Now revised to Acrias. [75]
Glaurung Weigeltisaurid Glaurung, a dragon [94]
Gollum Fish Gollum [95]
Wasp Gollum [96]
Gollumjapyx Dipluran Gollum [97]
Gollumjapyx smeagol Dipluran Gollum [97]
Gwaihiria Wasp Gwaihir, Lord of the Eagles [98]
Snake Elvish language "The name nentur is formed by the (Quenya) words nen (water) and tur (ruler, master)," referencing the aquatic habits of the species [99]
Iandumoema smeagol Harvestman Gollum [100]
Ingerophrynus gollum Toad Gollum [101]
Khamul Wasp Khamûl, a Nazgûl [102]
Khamul gothmogi Wasp Gothmog, Lord of the Balrogs [102]
Khamul tolkeini Wasp J. R. R. Tolkien [102]
Beetle Hobbits "The specific epithet ... refers to the Hobbits ... a literary fictitious race of people who have big and hairy feet; a metaphor of the swollen and hairy tarsi characteristic of this species." [103]
Legolasia Wasp Legolas [104]
Leucothoe tolkieni Amphipod J. R. R. Tolkien [105][106]
Fossil mammal Ondolindë, an alternate name of the Elven city Gondolin [62]
Litoria sauroni Frog Sauron [107]
Lopholatilus ereborensis Fish Erebor, the Lonely Mountain [108]
Coccolithophore Frodo Baggins [109]
Beetle Bilbo Baggins
Beetle Frodo Baggins [98]
Beetle Gandalf [98]
Trilobite Bilbo Baggins [110]
Clam J. R. R. Tolkien "The name tolkieni honors the late J.R.R. Tolkien, creator of The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings, and many delightful creatures of long ago in the time of Middle-earth." [111]
Fossil mammal Elvish language [62]
Fossil mammal Morgoth [62]
Fossil mammal Míriel Ar-Zimraphel, a queen of Númenor [62]
Fossil mammal Gandalf [62]
Wasp Nazgûl [112]
Spider Ungoliant [113]
Fossil mammal Niphredil, a flower in Middle Earth [62]
Fossil mammal Radagast the Brown [62]
Ochyrocera laracna Spider Shelob "Laracna" is Shelob's name in Portuguese [114]
Ochyrocera ungoliant Spider Ungoliant [114]
Oinia Wasp Óin, a dwarf Now revised to Acrias. [75]
Odontonia bagginsi Shrimp Baggins family [115]
Fossil mammal Galadriel [62]
Bird Radagast "For the wizard of Middle Earth, Radagast the Brown, rabid communicator with birds" [116]
Pericompsus bilbo Beetle Bilbo Baggins "These beetles are short and robust much like Bilbo." [117]
True bug Smaug [118][119]
Fossil mammal Palantir [62]
Fossil mammal Tom Bombadil [62]
Protungulatum gorgun Fossil mammal Orcs "Etymology: Gorgûn, the Woses' name for orcs in The Lord of the Rings, with reference to the Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation" [62]
Beetle Palantir

[120]

Psyllid Frodo Baggins [121]
Kinorhynch Ancalagon the Black, a dragon [83]
Amphipod Hobbits [122]
Sauron Spider Sauron [123]
Sauroniops Dinosaur Sauron The name has the intended meaning of "Eye of Sauron". [124]
Shireplitis Wasp The Shire [125]
Shireplitis bilboi Wasp Bilbo Baggins [125]
Shireplitis frodoi Wasp Frodo Baggins [125]
Shireplitis meriadoci Wasp Meriadoc Brandybuck [125]
Shireplitis peregrini Wasp Peregrin Took [125]
Shireplitis samwisei Wasp Samwise Gamgee [125]
Shireplitis tolkieni Wasp J. R. R. Tolkien [125]
Smaug Lizard Smaug [126]
Smeagol Gastropod Gollum [24][127]
Smeagolia Wasp Gollum [24][112]
Syconycteris hobbit Bat Hobbits [24][128]
True bug Ancalagon the Black [129]
Tetramorium nazgul Ant Nazgûl [130]
Tetramorium smaug Ant Smaug [130]
Fossil mammal Thangorodrim "Sindarin (Elvish) thalion, strong. Reference is to the massive morphology of the jaws and the generic name" [62]
Fossil mammal Tinuviel, an Elf [62]
Myxozoan Fimbrethil [131]
Yavanna Tree fern Yavanna [132]
Vanima Butterfly vanima In Quenya (elvish) vanima means beautiful [133]

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Kaila's Elachista species names include E. aerinella, E. amrodella, E. aredhella, E. arthadella, E. bregorella, E. caranthirella, E. celegormella, E. cicadella, E. curufinella, E. daeronella, E. dagnirella, E. diorella, E. dolabella, E. finarfinella, E. gildorella, E. gorlimella, E. haldarella, E. indisella, E. maglorella, E. marachella, E. morwenella, E. olorinella, E. ragnorella, E. tauronella, E. telcharella, E. telerella and E. turgonella ; E. praelineata group: E. aranella, E. aristoteliella, E. eilinella, E. guilinella, E. ibunella, E. miriella, E. nienorella, E. serindella and E. turinella ; E. saccharella group: E. dulcinella, E. hedionella, E. helodella, E. suavella and E. uniolae; E. freyerella group: E. beorella, E. galadella, E. neithanella, E. rianella and E. tuorella.[63]
  2. ^ Bomburia is also a genus of wasps, but was named for the dwarf of Norse mythology[79]

References[]

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