List of unrelegated association football clubs

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Several association football clubs succeed in playing at the highest level of their domestic league without being relegated for several years, if at all. This page lists the clubs that managed to stay in top flight for an extended period of time, and those that have never been relegated from their current top-tier league.

Historical considerations[]

More often than not, football clubs have played in more than one top-tier competition. It is therefore possible that teams relegated at one point in their history, but have not done so in the competition in which they currently compete. This is the case for multiple teams in countries where football was played in regional leagues prior to the creation of a unified national league. In such countries, a national champion was previously declared by means of a play-off tournament between teams that qualified through their regional tournaments. In Germany, for instance, seven teams have never been relegated from the Bundesliga (some joining more recently), but three of them found themselves expelled from the older Oberligen. Hamburg played continuously in the top tier of the German football system from the end of World War I until 2018.[1][2] In the Netherlands, football used to be organised in regional competitions as well. The unified Eredivisie was born in 1956, and four teams have continuously played at this highest national level since then.[3]

Even before the establishment of regional competitions, football was played in league systems. The very first football championships in Europe were often organised on a local level. Taking these smaller competitions into account, Austria Wien and Rapid Wien can claim to have played at the highest possible level since competition began in Austria in 1911.[1] At that time however, the only organised football was played in the league of Lower Austria,[4] which was then located in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and only teams from Vienna took part.[5] Later, Austrian teams competed in the German football system for several years, which made it possible for Rapid Wien to become German champion in 1941.[6] The current Austrian Bundesliga was only established in 1974,[7] and to this point a total of five teams never relegated from that competition.[8]

In Greece and Turkey, competitive football was organised in even smaller leagues. In both countries, city-leagues were the highest level for quite some time.[9][10] In 1959, a unified Hellenic championship was founded, and Olympiacos, Panathinaikos and PAOK have played in every season of it.[1] However, these teams were already high-flyers in the preceding city-leagues. The same applies to Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray in Turkey.[1]

In Russia, football too was first played at city-level. The St. Petersburg Football League was established in 1901, and its Moscovite counterpart followed in 1909. Many years later, in 1936, the Soviet Top League was formed. This competition ceased to exist when the Soviet Union fell, and new leagues were formed in the fifteen successor states. As a result, many teams entered a top division for the first time in their history. In Estonia, for example, the new Meistriliiga was composed of clubs that never participated in the top flight before.[11][12] As these are relatively new competitions, many clubs can claim to have never been relegated from the top-level. But only Dynamo Kyiv and Dinamo Tbilisi have always played at the highest possible level.[1] On the other hand, Dynamo Moscow played in every season of the Soviet Top League but was relegated from the Russian Premier League in the 2015–16 season.

Timeline chart showing Yugoslav First League successors

Besides the Soviet, also the Czechoslovak and Yugoslav football leagues split into multiple competitions in the early 1990s. A total of eight teams have not been relegated from the national championships of the Czech Republic[13] and Slovakia,[14] but no team managed to achieve this in Czechoslovak times. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, football became divided alongside ethnic lines and competition was held in three different leagues, before the establishment of a national division in 2000. In Kosovo, a national league also exists, although not it was not recognised by UEFA or FIFA until 2016. In all, three clubs – Red Star Belgrade, Partizan Belgrade and Dinamo Zagreb – have played at the highest level since the creation of socialist Yugoslavia, whilst Hajduk Split have never been relegated since they first played in the championship of the now long gone Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.[1] However, many more teams have never been relegated from their current national championships.

In still many other instances, new top-tier leagues were created to replace existing national championships. In England, six teams have been present in every season of the Premier League, which was founded in 1992.[15] None of them however had an uninterrupted run in the preceding First Division.[16] Thus, a great number of teams can claim to have never been relegated from these newer competitions. In Scotland, Celtic and Aberdeen[17] have never been relegated. Rangers, the only Scottish club to never fall below 6th, shared this distinction until Rangers Football Club plc were liquidated in 2012. The club, under a new corporate identity were placed in the fourth tier of the Scottish football league system.[1] Similarly, Cliftonville, Glentoran and Linfield have the unique distinction of having played at the top flight in Northern Ireland for 125 years,[1] but five more teams have been present in every season of the NIFL Premiership, which was only established in 2008.[18]

There are however leagues that have been running for a long time. Not surprising, fewer clubs manage to stay on top the longer a competition runs. The Spanish Primera División was born in 1929, and only Athletic Bilbao, FC Barcelona and Real Madrid have been present ever since. The same year the Italian Serie A became a round-robin tournament, and only Inter Milan has continuously played at the highest level from that moment forward – even doing so since 1909. And finally, no team that plays in the Swiss Super League – established in 1897 – has not been relegated at one point in their history.[1]

Unrelegated for three quarters of a century[]

This table lists all clubs that have continuously played at the highest level for 75 years or more until their first relegation. Taken into account are all the leagues that formed the highest level at the time each club played in them. Competitions that were organised on sub-regional levels are excluded though. This is the reason no clubs from Greece or Turkey are listed, as in those countries football was played in city-level competitions up until 1959.

The large number of Brazilian football clubs on this list can be explained by the fact that these clubs were dominant in the relatively small state leagues, which formed the highest tier of competition in Brazil for more than half a century. The Taça Brasil, which existed between 1959 and 1968, is not considered a top-tier tournament for the purpose of this list, as it was a knockout competition between the different state champions, and no team took part in every edition.

As of 2020, the majority of the teams listed below continue to play at the top, although a few have ended their uninterrupted spell. Some teams had been relegated (and promoted back) before the start of their record spell.

The squads on bold letter have on-going spells playing at their respective top flight divisions.

Club First year of spell Last year of spell Duration (years) Competition(s)
Scotland Celtic F.C. 1890 – 131 Football League, Premier League & Premiership (124 seasons in total)
Northern Ireland Cliftonville F.C. 1890 – 131 Football League, Premier League & NIFL Premiership (120 seasons in total)
Northern Ireland Glentoran F.C.
Northern Ireland Linfield F.C.
Scotland Rangers F.C. 1890 2012 122 Football League & Premier League (115 seasons in total)
Northern Ireland Lisburn Distillery F.C. 1890 1995 105 Football League (94 seasons in total)
Scotland Heart of Midlothian F.C. 1890 1977 87 Football League (80 seasons in total)
Netherlands Sparta Rotterdam 1893 2002 109 Eerste Klasse West & Eredivisie (108 seasons in total)
Germany Eintracht Frankfurt 1899 1996 97 Kreisliga Nordmain, Bezirksliga Main, Bezirksliga Main-Hessen, Gauliga Südwest/Mainhessen, Oberliga Süd & Bundesliga (95 seasons in total)
Germany Werder Bremen 1899 1980 81 Verband Bremer Fussballveriene, Bezirk Bremen, Northern German football championship, Gauliga Niedersachsen, Oberliga Nord & Bundesliga
Uruguay Peñarol 1900 – 121 Primera División (116 seasons in total)
Italy Juventus F.C. 1900 2006 106 Italian Football Championship (101 seasons in total)[19]
Italy A.C. Milan* 1900 1980 80 Italian Football Championship (75 seasons in total)[19]
Uruguay Club Nacional de Football 1901 – 120 Primera División (116 seasons in total)
Hungary Ferencvárosi TC 1901 2006 105 Nemzeti Bajnokság (102 seasons in total)
Scotland Aberdeen F.C. 1905 – 116 Football League, Premier League & Premiership (107 seasons in total)[17][20]
Paraguay Club Guaraní 1906 – 115 Primera División (110 seasons in total)
–
Brazil Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas 1906 2002 96 Campeonato Carioca, Taça de Prata & Série A
Paraguay Club Libertad 1906 1998 92 Primera División (87 seasons in total)
Brazil Fluminense FC 1906 1996 90 Campeonato Carioca, Taça de Prata & Série A
Italy Inter Milan 1909 – 112 Italian Football Championship[19] (107 seasons in total)
Brazil Sport Club Internacional 1909 2016 107 Campeonato Gaúcho, Taça de Prata & Série A
Argentina Club Atlético River Plate 1909 2011 102 Primera División (102 seasons in total)
Austria FK Austria Wien 1911 – 110 1. Klasse, Gauliga Ostmark, Staatsliga, Nationalliga & Bundesliga (109 seasons in total)
Austria SK Rapid Wien
Northern Ireland Glenavon F.C. 1911 2004 93 Football League & Premier League (82 seasons in total)
Brazil Clube de Regatas do Flamengo 1912 – 109 Campeonato Carioca, Taça de Prata & Série A
Hungary Újpest FC 1912 – 109 Nemzeti Bajnokság (105 seasons in total)
Argentina Club Atlético Independiente 1912 2013 101 Primera División (101 seasons in total)
Argentina Boca Juniors 1913 – 108 Primera División (108 seasons in total)
Paraguay Cerro Porteño – Primera División (108 seasons in total)
Brazil Sport Club Corinthians Paulista**** 1913 2007 94 Campeonato Paulista, Taça de Prata & Série A
Brazil Clube Atlético Mineiro 1908 2005 97 Campeonato Mineiro, Taça de Prata & Série A
Brazil Santos FC*** 1916 – 105
Hungary Budapest Honvéd FC 1916 2003 87 Nemzeti Bajnokság (84 seasons in total)
Brazil Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras 1916 2002 86 Campeonato Paulista, Taça de Prata & Série A
Netherlands AFC Ajax 1917 – 104 Eerste Klasse West & Eredivisie (103 seasons in total)
England Arsenal F.C. 1919 – 102 Football League First Division, Premier League (95 seasons in total)
Germany Hamburger SV 1919 2018 99 Norddeutsche Fußballmeisterschaft, Gauliga Nordmark, Oberliga Nord & Bundesliga (96 seasons in total)
Belgium Anderlecht 1935 – 86 Pro League (83 seasons in total)
Belgium Standard Liège 1921 – 100 Pro League (97 seasons in total)
Brazil Cruzeiro Esporte Clube 1921 2019 98 Campeonato Mineiro, Taça de Prata & Série A
Republic of Ireland Bohemian F.C.** 1921 – 100 League of Ireland
Netherlands Feyenoord 1921 – 100 Eerste Klasse West & Eredivisie (98 seasons in total)
Brazil CR Vasco da Gama 1921 2008 87 Campeonato Carioca, Taça de Prata & Série A
Egypt Al Ahly SC 1922 – 99 Cairo League, Egyptian Premier League
Republic of Ireland Shamrock Rovers F.C. 1922 2005 83 League of Ireland
Croatia HNK Hajduk Split 1923 – 97 Yugoslav First League & Prva HNL (86 seasons in total)
Iceland Valur 1923 1999 76 Úrvalsdeild
Northern Ireland Ards F.C. 1923 1998 75 Football League (68 seasons in total – only became champions once)
Northern Ireland Portadown F.C. 1924 2008 84 Football League & Premier League (77 seasons in total)
Netherlands PSV Eindhoven 1926 – 95 Eerste Klasse Zuid & Eredivisie (94 seasons in total)
Peru Club Universitario de Deportes 1928 – 93 Primera División
Spain Athletic Bilbao 1929 – 92 Primera División (90 seasons in total)
Spain FC Barcelona
Spain Real Madrid C.F.
Albania KF Tirana 1929 2017 88 Kategoria Superiore
Brazil São Paulo FC*** 1930 – 91 Campeonato Paulista, Taça de Prata & Série A
Israel Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. 1931 – 90 Palestine League, Israeli League, Liga Alef, Liga Leumit & Premier League
Chile Colo-Colo 1933 – 88 Campeonato Nacional
Portugal S.L. Benfica 1934 – 87 Primeira Liga (87 seasons in total)
Portugal FC Porto
Portugal Sporting CP
Cyprus APOEL FC 1934 – 87 First Division
Georgia (country) FC Dinamo Tbilisi 1936 – 85 Soviet Top League & Umaglesi Liga
Russia FC Dynamo Moscow 1936 2016 80 Soviet Top League & Football Championship
Ukraine FC Dynamo Kyiv 1936 – 85 Soviet Top League & Premier League
Bulgaria PFC Levski Sofia 1937 – 84 State Football Championship & A Group
Malta Hibernians F.C. 1937 – 84 Premier League

*AC Milan withdrew from the 1908 Italian Championship.
**Bohemians were relegated in 1911 from the (now Northern) Irish League, but returned in 1912 and stayed there until 1920 to form the Irish Free State (now Republic of Ireland) League, from which they have never been relegated.
***Santos withdrew from the 1920 Paulistão, São Paulo withdrew from the 1935 Paulistão and both from the 1979 Brasileirão.
****Corinthians withdrew from the 1979 Brasileirão.
Source: RSSSF and RSSSF Brasil

Never relegated[]

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This is a list of football clubs which have never been relegated from their current national top-level league and have played at least ten seasons at this level. The year on the third column indicates when they began their uninterrupted run.

League Club Since Observations
Argentina Argentina[1] Boca Juniors 1913
Armenia Armenia[21] Shirak SC 1992
Algeria Algeria JS Kabylie 1969
Austria Austria[8] FK Austria Wien 1974
SK Rapid Wien
SK Sturm Graz Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the Bundesliga
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan[1] Neftçi PFK 1992 Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the Premyer Liqası
Qarabağ FK
Keşla FK 1999
Gabala FK 2006
Belarus Belarus[22] FC Dynamo Brest 1992
FC Dinamo Minsk Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the Vysheyshaya Liga
FC Neman Grodno
FC Shakhtyor Soligorsk
FC BATE Borisov 1998
Belgium Belgium[1] S.V. Zulte Waregem 2005 Is the successor of clubs that have relegated from a top-tier league
Bolivia Bolivia The Strongest 1950
Oriente Petrolero 1977
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina FK Sarajevo 2000 Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the Premijer Liga
NK Široki Brijeg
FK Željezničar Sarajevo Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the Premijer Liga
HŠK Zrinjski Mostar Played in the wartime league of the Independent State of Croatia. Between 1945 and 1992, they were banned by the Yugoslav communist government
Brazil Brazil[1][16] Clube de Regatas do Flamengo 1971
Santos FC 1980 Santos and São Paulo (along with Corinthians and Portuguesa-SP) demanded to enter only in the third phase instead of the second of the 1979 Brasileirão because the teams were scheduled to play in Rio-São Paulo tournament (however the tournament never came to fruition) but CBD refused, so the four teams withdrew from the championship. The championship at that time did not have any relegations.
São Paulo FC 1980
Bulgaria Bulgaria[1] PFC Levski Sofia 1937
Chile Chile[1] Colo-Colo 1933
China China Beijing Sinobo Guoan 1991 Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the Chinese Super League
Shanghai Greenland Shenhua 1982
Colombia Colombia Deportivo Cali 1912 Historic, First Club Of Colombia & Only Club to maintain 1st Div Category and build their own stadium in Colombia.
Atlético Nacional 1948
Independiente Santa Fe
Millonarios F.C.
Croatia Croatia[1] GNK Dinamo Zagreb 1991
HNK Hajduk Split 1991
NK Lokomotiva Zagreb 2009 Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the Prva HNL
NK Osijek 1991
HNK Rijeka 1991
NK Slaven Belupo 1997
Cyprus Cyprus[1] APOEL FC 1934 Before 1974, played in the Greek top-level league when they became Cypriot champion
Anorthosis Famagusta FC 1948 Before 1948, withdrew from the top-level league twice but they were never relegated
AC Omonia 1953 Before 1974, played in the Greek top-level league when they became Cypriot champion
Apollon Limassol FC 1957
Czech Republic Czech Republic[13] AC Sparta Prague 1993 Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the First League
SK Slavia Prague
FC Slovan Liberec
FK Jablonec 1994 Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the First League
FK Teplice 1996
FK Mladá Boleslav 2004
Denmark Denmark[23] Aalborg Boldspilklub 1991 Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the Superligaen
Brøndby IF
F.C. Copenhagen 1992 Successors of clubs that have relegated from a top-tier league
FC Midtjylland 2000
FC Nordsjælland 2002
Ecuador Ecuador[1] Barcelona S.C. 1957
Egypt Egypt[1] Al Ahly SC 1948
Zamalek SC
England England[3][16] Arsenal F.C. 1919 Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the Premier League
Chelsea F.C. 1989
Everton F.C. 1954
Liverpool F.C. 1962
Manchester United F.C. 1975
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. 1978
Estonia Estonia[11] FC Flora 1992
JK Narva Trans
FCI Levadia Tallinn 1999
Tartu JK Tammeka 2005
Finland Finland[1] IFK Mariehamn 2005
France France Paris Saint Germain 1974 Never relegated since accessing to top tier level in 1974[24]
Georgia (country) Georgia[25] FC Dinamo Tbilisi 1990
Germany Germany[1] FC Bayern Munich 1965 Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the Bundesliga
Bayer 04 Leverkusen 1979
VfL Wolfsburg 1997
TSG 1899 Hoffenheim 2008
FC Augsburg 2011 Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the Bundesliga
Ghana Ghana[1] Asante Kotoko S.C. 1958
Accra Hearts of Oak S.C.
Ashanti Gold S.C. 1986
Greece Greece[1] Olympiacos F.C. 1959
Panathinaikos F.C.
PAOK FC
Honduras Honduras[1] C.D. Marathón 1965
F.C. Motagua
C.D. Olimpia
Real C.D. España
C.D.S. Vida
Republic of Ireland Republic of Ireland[1] Bohemian F.C. 1921
St Patrick's Athletic F.C. 1951
Israel Israel Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. 1931
Italy Italy[16][26] Inter Milan 1909
Ivory Coast Ivory Coast[1] Africa Sports d'Abidjan 1960
ASEC Mimosas 1960
Japan Japan[27] Kashima Antlers 1993 Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the J1 League
Yokohama F. Marinos
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan[28] FC Irtysh Pavlodar 1992
FC Shakhter Karagandy
FC Atyrau 2001
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan[29] FC Dordoi Bishkek 1999
FC Abdysh-Ata Kant 2003
Latvia Latvia[30] FK Ventspils 1997
North Macedonia North Macedonia[1] FK Vardar 1992 Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the 1. MFL
FK Rabotnički 1998
KF Renova 2005
Malaysia Malaysia[1] Perak FA 1982 Before 1982, Malaysian football competitions were organized on a knockout basis, and there was no league with promotion or relegation at the time
Malta Malta[1] Hibernians F.C. 1946
Valletta F.C.
Mexico Mexico[1] Club América 1943
C.D. Guadalajara
Cruz Azul 1964
Moldova Moldova[31] FC Zimbru Chișinău 1992 Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the Divizia Națională
FC Sheriff Tiraspol 1998
Montenegro Montenegro[32] FK Budućnost Podgorica 2006 Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the 1. CFL
OFK Petrovac
FK Rudar Pljevlja
FK Sutjeska Nikšić Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the 1. CFL
FK Zeta
Morocco Morocco Raja Casablanca 1956
Wydad Casablanca
AS FAR 1959
Netherlands Netherlands[3] AFC Ajax 1956 Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the Eredivisie
PSV Eindhoven
Feyenoord In 1917 a new regional top-tier, the Eerste klasse West B, was created under pressure from clubs in the second tier, including Feyenoord. However, this league was considered inferior to the other regional top-tier competitions.[33] After only two years, the Eerste klasse West B was abolished and replaced by the Overgangsklasse, an intermediate level between the first and second tier. In 1921, Feyenoord finally entered the top flight[34]
FC Utrecht 1970 VV DOS played in every season of the Eredivisie before merging into FC Utrecht in 1970
Nigeria Nigeria[35] Enugu Rangers 1972
Northern Ireland Northern Ireland[18] Cliftonville F.C. 1890
Glentoran F.C.
Linfield F.C.
Dungannon Swifts F.C. 2003
Paraguay Paraguay Club Guaraní 1906
Club Olimpia
Cerro Porteño 1913
Peru Peru[1] Club Universitario de Deportes 1928
Sporting Cristal[36] Is the direct successor of Club Sporting Tabaco, which was relegated from
the top-tier league[37]
Universidad de San Martín 2004 Bought the promotional place from Sport Coopsol in order to play at the top flight division
the same year the club was established[38]
Portugal Portugal[1] S.L. Benfica 1934
FC Porto
Sporting CP
Romania Romania[1] FCSB 1947
FC Dinamo București 1948
Russia Russia[1] PFC CSKA Moscow 1992 Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the Football Championship
FC Lokomotiv Moscow
FC Spartak Moscow
FC Rubin Kazan 2003
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia[39] Al Hilal SFC 1976
Al-Ittihad
Al-Nassr FC
Al-Ahli Saudi FC
Scotland Scotland[20] Celtic F.C. 1890
Aberdeen F.C. 1905
Motherwell F.C. 1985 Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the Scottish Premier League (1998)
Serbia Serbia[40] FK Partizan 1946 These teams were never relegated since their creation in 1945. Before 2006, they played in the predecessor leagues of the SuperLiga, the Yugoslav First League and the First League of Serbia and Montenegro. At their creation, the two teams replaced the pre-1945, also unrelegated teams, of OFK Beograd and SK Jugoslavija. Their matches against each other are called Eternal Derbies.
Red Star Belgrade
FK Rad 2008 Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the SuperLiga
FK Spartak Subotica 2009
FK Vojvodina 1987
Slovakia Slovakia[14] MFK Ružomberok 1997
Slovenia Slovenia[41] NK Celje 1991
NK Maribor Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the 1. SNL
NK Olimpija Ljubljana 2009
South Korea South Korea Pohang Steelers 1983
FC Seoul 1984
Ulsan Hyundai FC
Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors FC 1995
Suwon Samsung Bluewings 1996
Incheon United FC 2004
Suriname Suriname S.V. Transvaal 1923
Spain Spain[1] Athletic Bilbao 1929
FC Barcelona
Real Madrid CF
Tajikistan Tajikistan[42] CSKA Pamir Dushanbe 1992 Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the Tajik League
Regar-TadAZ Tursunzoda
FC Khatlon
FK Khujand 1997
Tunisia Tunisia[1] CS Sfaxien 1955
Club Africain
Espérance Sportive de Tunis Did not participate in 1970–71
Étoile Sportive du Sahel Did not participate in 1961–62
Turkey Turkey[1] Beşiktaş J.K. 1959
Fenerbahçe S.K.
Galatasaray S.K.
Trabzonspor 1974
Turkmenistan Turkmenistan[43] Nebitçi FT 1992
Merw FK
Şagadam FK 1994
Ukraine Ukraine[1] FC Dynamo Kyiv 1992
FC Shakhtar Donetsk Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the Premier League
FC Vorskla Poltava 1996
United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates Al Ain FC 1974
Al-Nasr Dubai SC
Al-Wasl F.C.
Al Wahda FC 1985
Al Jazira Club 1988
Uruguay Uruguay[1] Peñarol 1900
Club Nacional de Football 1901
Uzbekistan Uzbekistan[44] PFC Navbahor Namangan 1992
Pakhtakor Tashkent FK Relegated from a top-tier league prior to the establishment of the Uzbek League
FC Nasaf 1997
PFK Metallurg Bekabad 1998
FC Qizilqum Zarafshon 2000
Venezuela Venezuela Deportivo Táchira F.C. 1975
Caracas F.C. 1985
Deportivo La Guaira F.C. 2009/10
Wales Wales[1] Aberystwyth Town F.C. 1992
Newtown A.F.C. 1992
The New Saints F.C. 1993

See also[]

  • Promotion and relegation

References[]

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  17. ^ Jump up to: a b Aberdeen (along with other clubs) voluntarily withdrew from the league for two seasons during wartime due to travel difficulties: 1917–18 and 1918–19. They were not relegated and returned to the top division when the war conditions ended.
  18. ^ Jump up to: a b "Northern Ireland – Champions". RSSSF.com. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
  19. ^ Jump up to: a b c Includes Campionato Federale (1898-1904), Prima Categoria (1904-1922), Prima Divisione (1921-1926) and 1921–22 Prima Divisione (C.C.I.), Divisione Nazionale (1926-1929), Serie A (1929-1945 and 1946-present) and, for the second time, the Divisione Nazionale (1945-1946).
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  29. ^ "Kyrgyzstan – List of Champions". RSSSF.com. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
  30. ^ "Latvia – List of Champions". RSSSF.com. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
  31. ^ "Moldova – List of Champions". RSSSF.com. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
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