Lubartów

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Lubartów
Old Town Square in Lubartów
Old Town Square in Lubartów
Coat of arms of Lubartów
Lubartów is located in Poland
Lubartów
Lubartów
Coordinates: 51°28′N 22°36′E / 51.467°N 22.600°E / 51.467; 22.600Coordinates: 51°28′N 22°36′E / 51.467°N 22.600°E / 51.467; 22.600
Country Poland
VoivodeshipLublin
CountyLubartów County
GminaLubartów (urban gmina)
Established1543
Town rights1543
Founded byPiotr Firlej
Government
 • MayorKrzysztof Paśnik (PSL)
Area
 • Total13.91 km2 (5.37 sq mi)
Population
 (2015[1])
 • Total22,369
 • Density1,600/km2 (4,200/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
21-100
Area code(s)+48 81
Car platesLLB
National roadsDK19-PL.svg
Voivodeship roadsDW815-PL.svg
Websitehttp://www.lubartow.pl

Lubartów (Polish pronunciation: [luˈbartuf]) is a town in eastern Poland, with 23,000 inhabitants (2004), situated in Lublin Voivodeship. It is the capital of Lubartów County and the Lubartów Commune. Historically it belongs to Lesser Poland.

Lubartów was established in 1543 by Piotr Firlej under a founding order issued by King Sigismund the Old. At that time, it was a center of Protestant Reformation culture and education, following the founding of a school of Wojciech Calissius (1559).

The town is located 26 kilometres (16 miles) north of Lublin, on the Wieprz river, on the border between two geographical regions of Poland - Lublin Upland, and South Podlasie Lowland. Near Lubartów, the Kozłowiec Landscape Park (Kozłowiecki Park Krajobrazowy) is located. The town is the 10th largest urban center of the voivodeship, and its area is 13.92 square kilometres (5.37 sq mi). It is a road hub, where National Road nr. 19 (Rzeszów - Białystok) meets local road nr. 815. Furthermore, Lubartów is located along rail line nr. 30 (Łuków - Lublin), but since 2000, passenger traffic has been cancelled on this route.

Name[]

The town's original Polish name was Lewartów (pronounced [lɛ'vartuf]) until 1744, when it was changed to Lubartów. Yiddish language, however, retains the original name Lewartów to this day (but pronounced ['lɛvatof]).

History[]

Fountain in the palatial gardens

The history of Lubartów begins on May 29, 1543, when King Sigismund the Old allowed local nobleman Piotr Firlej to found a town called Lewartów (the original name comes from Lewart, the coat of arms of the Firlej family). Lubartów was a private town, administratively located in the Lublin Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province of the Polish Crown. The town became famous when it belonged to Mikołaj Firlej, the son of Piotr Firlej. In the late 16th century, it was one of centers of Calvinism in Lesser Poland, and Mikołaj Firlej invited here a number of skilled artisans from France, Germany and Holland, as well as cattle breeders. Lewartów frequently changed owners. In the early 18th century it belonged to the Sanguszko family, who rebuilt the palace, built two Baroque churches and tenement houses. Upon request of Paweł Karol Sanguszko, on November 22, 1744, King Augustus III of Poland changed the name of the town to Lubartów (in honor of Lubart - Liubartas, the son of Lithuanian Prince Gediminas; Sanguszko believed that Liubartas was the founder of his family). King Augustus granted a new coat of arms to the town.

The town was annexed by Austria in the Third Partition of Poland in 1795. Following the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was included in the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw. The 19th century was not lucky for Lubartów, as the town, which from 1815 to 1915 belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland, burned several times (1831, 1838, 1846). Two battles between Polish insurgents and Russian troops were fought there during the Polish uprisings of 1830–1831 and 1863–1864. In 1866 it became the seat of a county, and slowly began modernization. By 1912 it had seven manufacturing enterprises, including mills and a brewery, in 1922, glassworks were opened.

Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the town was occupied by Germany. In October 1939, the Germans executed nine Poles, accused of possession of weapons.[2] On December 23, 1939, the German police carried out a massacre of 48 Poles in the town.[3] Tadeusz Illukiewicz, starost of the Lubartów County, was imprisoned in the Lublin Castle in October 1939, and then murdered in Lublin in December 1939 in a massacre of 10 Poles perpetrated as part of the Intelligenzaktion.[3] In June 1940, during the AB-Aktion, the Germans carried out mass arrests of around 500 Poles, who were then imprisoned in Lublin, and many of whom were soon deported to the Sachsenhausen and Auschwitz concentration camps.[4] In 1941, the Jews were confined to a ghetto, and in 1942 they were deported to extermination camps and the ghetto was liquidated. The town was liberated by the Polish Home Army in July 1944.

Jews of Lubartów[]

From its foundation until World War II, the town also had a large Jewish community, numbering nearly half of the population in the 1930s. However nearly the entire community was destroyed during the Holocaust. Lubartów was a bilingual town for most of its history, Polish and Yiddish being both widely used. Polish was used among non-Jews as well as for most communication between Jewish and non-Jewish townspeople, while Yiddish was the everyday language of the town's Jewish inhabitants.

Points of interest[]

Sanguszko Palace in Lubartów, originally designed by Tylman van Gameren

Among most interesting points of interest is the Sanguszko Palace (18th century). The original palace was built in the mid-16th century as a fortified residence by . In 1693 architect Tylman van Gameren created a plan for rebuilding of the palace for Józef Karol Lubomirski, and in 1705, the complex was partially burned during the Great Northern War. The palace was rebuilt from the funds of , and burned again in 1933. Rebuilt in 1950-1970, it now is home to starosta of Lubartów County. Another interesting object are: Baroque St. Anne Basilica (1733-1738), and the monastery of Order of Friars Minor Capuchin with the St. Lawrence Church (1737-1741). There is also a museum (Muzeum Ziemi Lubartowskiej), located in a historic manor house.

Sports[]

The local football club is Lewart Lubartów, founded in 1923. It competes in the lower leagues.

Cuisine[]

Among the protected traditional local foods, as designated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland, are:

International relations[]

Saint Anne Church in Lubartów

Twin towns — Sister cities[]

Lubartów is twinned with:

Noted residents[]

References[]

  1. ^ Demographic Yearbook of Poland 2016 Archived 2017-06-27 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 247.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b Wardzyńska, p. 248
  4. ^ Wardzyńska, p. 264-265
  5. ^ W krainie lubelskich produktów tradycyjnych (in Polish). p. 150. ISBN 978-83-7642-667-9.
  6. ^ W krainie lubelskich produktów tradycyjnych, p. 140
  7. ^ W krainie lubelskich produktów tradycyjnych, p. 177

External links[]

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