Luoyang dialect

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A speaker of the Luoyang dialect, recorded in China.

The Luoyang dialect is a dialect of Zhongyuan Mandarin spoken in Luoyang and nearby parts of Henan province.^[1]

The serves as the historical standard of Chinese from the Warring States period into the Ming Dynasty, which distinguish from the modern Luoyang dialect.^[2] It is because Luoyang switched from Southern to over history. According to Lü Shuxiang (1985), "In Northern Song dynasty, the dialects at the Central Plains are still in the southern variety [of Mandarin]; the predecessor of modern began as a tiny regional dialect near Khanbaliq".^{[3][note 1]}

Phonology[]

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Initials[]

Finals[]

Features[]

• The Middle Chinese entering tone has a different distribution in the Luoyang dialect than in Standard Mandarin. (See entering tone for more.)
• Tone contours are different from those in Standard Mandarin.
• The retroflex and alveolar fricatives are found in different distributions: retroflex fricatives in Standard are often fronted to alveolar fricatives in Luoyang.
• The distinction between /w/ and /v/, lost in Standard, is maintained in Luoyang.
• The retroflex series is less retroflexed than in Standard Mandarin and slightly further forward.
• The alveolo-palatal series is slightly further back than in Standard Mandarin.
• Standard final /œ/ and /ɑu/ are often backed to [ɔ] in Luoyang. For example, 学 (Standard [ɕɥœ̌]/[ɕɥě], to learn) is [ɕɥɔ], and 角 (Standard [tɕjɑù]/[tɕjàu], horn) is [tɕɥɔ].
• Standard final /əi/ is pronounced [ɯ] or [i] in certain environments in Luoyang.
• Standard final /n/ nasalizes the preceding vowel in the Luoyang Dialect.
• The -儿 suffix is pronounced /ɯ/.

Notes[]

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