Malus coronaria

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Malus coronaria
Crabapple fruiting spray Keeler.png
A fruiting spray of M. coronaria

Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Malus
Species:
M. coronaria
Binomial name
Malus coronaria
(L.) Mill. 1768
Malus coronaria range map.jpg
Natural range
Synonyms[2]
  • Malus angustifolia var. puberula (Rehder) Rehder
  • M. bracteata Rehder
  • M. carolinensis Ashe
  • M. elongata (Rehder) Ashe
  • M. fragrans Rehder
  • M. glabrata Rehder
  • M. glaucescens Rehder
  • M. lancifolia Rehder
  • M. platycarpa Rehder
  • Pyrus bracteata (Rehder) L. H. Bailey
  • P. coronaria L.

Malus coronaria, also known by the names sweet crabapple or garland crab,[3] is a North American species of Malus (crabapple). It grows primarily in the Great Lakes Region and in the Ohio Valley, with outlying populations as far away as Alabama, eastern Kansas, and Long Island.[4]

Malus coronaria often is a bushy shrub with rigid, contorted branches, but frequently becomes a small tree up to 10 meters (33 feet) tall, with a broad open crown. It prefers rich moist soil. Its flowering time is about two weeks later than that of the domestic apple, and its fragrant fruit clings to the branches on clustered stems long after the leaves have fallen.[5]

Varieties[]

Malus coronaria var. coronaria
Malus coronaria var. dasycalyx

list source :[3]

Description[]

The fissured bark of Malus Coronoria.

The barkis reddish brown, longitudinally fissured, with surface separating in narrow scales. Branchlets at first coated with thick white wool, later they become smooth reddish brown; they develop in their second year long, spur-like branches and sometimes absolute thorns 25 mm (1 in) or more in length.

The wood is reddish brown, the sapwood yellow; it is heavy, close-grained, not strong. Used for the handles of tools and small domestic articles. Specific gravity 0.7048; density 703.5 kg/m3 (43.92 lb/cu ft).

Its winter buds are bright red, obtuse, minute. Inner scales grow with the growing shoot, become 15 mm (1⁄2 in) long and bright red before they fall.

Its leaves alternate, and are simple, ovate, 75–100 mm (3–4 in) long, 40–50 mm (1+1⁄2–2 in) broad, obtuse, subcordate or acute at base, incisely serrate, often three-lobed on vigorous shoots, acute at apex. Feather-veined, midrib and primary veins grooved above, prominent beneath. They come out of the bud involute, red bronze, tomentose and downy; when full grown are bright dark green above, paler beneath. In autumn, they turn yellow. Petioles slender, long, often with two dark glands near the middle. Stipules filiform, 15 mm (1⁄2 in) long, early deciduous.

The rose-colored blossom of Malus Coronoria.
  • Flowers: May, June, when leaves are nearly grown. Perfect, rose-colored, fragrant, 40–50 mm (1+1⁄2–2 in) across. Borne in five or six-flowered umbels on slender pedicels.
  • Calyx: Urn-shaped, downy or tomentose, five-lobed; lobes slender, acute, persistent, imbricate in bud.
  • Corolla: Petals five, rose colored, ob ovate, rounded above, with long narrow claws, undulate or crenelate at margin, inserted on the calyx tube, imbricate in bud.
Malus coronaria tree.
  • Stamens: Ten to twenty, inserted on the calyx tube, shorter than the petals; filaments by a partial twist forming a tube narrowed in the middle and enlarged above; anthers introrse, two-celled; cells opening longitudinally.
  • Pistil: Of five carpels inserted in the bottom of the calyx tube and united into an inferior ovary; styles five; stigma capitate; ovules two in each cell.
  • Fruit: Pome or apple ripening in October. Depressed-globular, 25–40 mm (1–1+1⁄2 in) in diameter, crowned with calyx lobes and remnant of filaments; yellow green, delightfully fragrant, surface sometimes waxy. Flesh white, delicate and charged with malic acid. Seeds two or, by abortion, one in each cell, chestnut brown shining; cotyledons fleshy.[5]

History[]

Pehr Kalm, who was one of the twelve men whom Linnaeus called his apostles and sent forth to explore the vegetable world, wrote from America:

The apples, or crabs, are small, sour and unfit for anything but to make vinegar of. They lie under the trees all winter and acquire a yellow color. They seldom begin to rot before spring comes on.[5]

Uses[]

The fruit is made into both preserves and cider.[6]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group.; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; et al. (BGCI) (2020). "Malus coronaria". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T64134541A152907593. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T64134541A152907593.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ Elizabeth E. Dickson (2015), "Malus coronaria (Linnaeus) Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Malus no. 2. 1768", in L. Brouillet; K. Gandhi; C.L. Howard; H. Jeude; R.W. Kiger; J.B. Phipps; A.C. Pryor; H.H. Schmidt; J.L. Strother; J.L. Zarucchi (eds.), Magnoliophyta: Picramniaceae to Rosaceae, Flora of North America North of Mexico, vol. 9, New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b "Search results for: Malus". Archived from the original on April 4, 2010. Retrieved September 11, 2009.
  4. ^ http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Malus%20coronaria.png
  5. ^ a b c Keeler, Harriet L. (1900). Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 133–5.
  6. ^ Little, Elbert L. (1980). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Eastern Region. New York: Knopf. p. 490. ISBN 0-394-50760-6.
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