March for Science

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see March for Science (disambiguation).

March for Science
Part of Protests against Donald Trump
March for Science.png
DateApril 22, 2017
Location
Worldwide
Caused byDonald Trump administration's views on climate change and science
The misrepresentation and exclusion of scientific knowledge in policy decisions
MethodsProtest march
Lead figures
Co-chairs & National Steering Committee
  • Caroline Weinberg[1]
  • Valorie Aquino
  • Jonathan Berman[2]
  • Sofia Ahsanuddin[3]
  • Lucky Tran
  • Joanna Spencer-Segal
  • Rosalyn LaPier
 Honorary co-chairs
Number
Hundreds of thousands[5] (Global)
www.marchforscience.com
External audio
audio icon "Political Science: Out of the lab and into the streets", Distillations Podcast, Science History Institute

The March for Science (formerly known as the Scientists' March on Washington)[6] is an international series of rallies and marches held on Earth Day. The inaugural march was held on April 22, 2017, in Washington, D.C., and more than 600 other cities across the world.[7][8][9][10][11] According to organizers, the march is a non-partisan movement to celebrate science and the role it plays in everyday lives.[12] The goals of the marches and rallies were to emphasize that science upholds the common good and to call for evidence-based policy in the public's best interest.[11][13] The March for Science organizers, using crowd science techniques[clarify], estimated global attendance at 1.07 million, with 100,000 participants estimated for the main March in Washington, D.C., 70,000 in Boston, 60,000 in Chicago, 50,000 in Los Angeles, 50,000 in San Francisco,[14] 20,000 in Seattle, 14,000 in Phoenix, and 11,000 in Berlin.[15]

A second March for Science was held April 14, 2018.[16] 230 satellite events around the world participated in the 2nd annual event, including New York City,[17] Abuja, Nigeria,[18] and Baraut, India.[19] A third March for Science took place on May 22, 2019, this time with 150 locations around the world participating.[20]

The March for Science organizers and supporters say that support for science should be nonpartisan.[21][22][23] The march is being organized by scientists[1] skeptical of the agenda of the Trump administration,[22] and critical of Trump administration policies widely viewed as hostile to science.[24] The march's website states that an "American government that ignores science to pursue ideological agendas endangers the world."[21][22]

Particular issues of science policy raised by the marchers include support for evidence-based policymaking,[24] as well as support for government funding for scientific research, government transparency, and government acceptance of the scientific consensus on climate change and evolution.[21][22] The march is part of growing political activity by American scientists in the wake of the November 2016 elections and the 2017 Women's March.[23][24][25]

Robert N. Proctor, a historian of science at Stanford University, stated that the March for Science was "pretty unprecedented in terms of the scale and breadth of the scientific community that's involved" and was rooted in "a broader perception of a massive attack on sacred notions of truth that are sacred to the scientific community."[26]

Background[]

Further information: Right-wing antiscience

Donald Trump[]

In 2012, Donald Trump referred to climate change as a hoax.[27] As a presidential candidate,[28] he promised to resume construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline and roll back U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations adopted by the Obama administration.[29]

After Trump's election, his transition team sought out specific U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) employees who had worked on climate change during the Obama administration.[30] Prior to Trump's inauguration, many climate scientists began downloading climate data from government websites that they feared might be deleted by the Trump administration.[31] Other actions taken or promised by the Trump administration inspired the march, including pulling out of the Paris Agreement,[32] the stances of his Cabinet nominees, the freezing of research grants,[33] and a gag order placed on scientists in the EPA regarding dissemination of their research findings.[2][34][35] In February 2017, William Happer, a possible Trump science advisor with skeptical views on human caused global warming, described an area of climate science as "really more like a cult" and its practitioners "glassy-eyed".[36] ScienceInsider reported Trump's first budget request as "A grim budget day for U.S. science" because it contained major funding cuts to NOAA's research and satellite programs, the EPA's Office of Research and Development, the DOE's Office of Science and energy programs, the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Institutes of Health, and other science agencies.[37]

International solidarity[]

International sister marches were planned for countries around the world. These both supported American scientists and climate scientists more generally, and protested against other impingements on academic freedom internationally, such as government action against the Central European University in Hungary and the closure of educational institutes and dismissal of academics in the 2016–17 Turkish purges, as well as local issues.[38]

Planning and participants[]

There needs to be a Scientists' March on Washington.

-Beaverteeth92's original proposal on Reddit[39]

A major source of inspiration behind the planning of the march was the 2017 Women's March of January 21, 2017.[40] The specific idea to create a march originated from a Reddit discussion thread about the removal of references to climate change from the White House website.[2][41] In the discussion, an anonymous poster named "Beaverteeth92" made a comment regarding the need for a "Scientist's March on Washington".[42] Dozens of Reddit users responded positively to the proposal.[42] Jonathan Berman, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Texas Health Science Center and a participant in the original conversation, created a Facebook page, Twitter feed and website to organize a march.[2][42] The Facebook group grew from 200 members to 300,000 in less than a week,[2][43] growing to 800,000 members.[44] Individual scientists have both applauded and criticized this development.[45]

Bill Nye, honorary co-chair

It was announced on March 30 that Bill Nye, Mona Hanna-Attisha, and Lydia Villa-Komaroff would headline the march, and serve as honorary co-chairs.[4] The protest was set to occur on Earth Day,[46] with satellite rallies planned in hundreds of cities across the world.[9]

For the inaugural march in Washington, D.C., the National Committee consisted of (in alphabetic order):[47]

Sofia Ahsanuddin, Valorie V. Aquino, Jonathan Berman, Teon L. Brooks,[48] Beka Economopoulos, Kate Gage, Kristen Gunther, Kishore Hari, Sloane Henningsen, Rachael Holloway, Aaron Huertas, Ayana Elizabeth Johnson, Rosalyn LaPier, Julia MacFall, Adam Miller, Lina Miller, Caitlin Pharo, Jennifer Redig, Joanna Spencer-Segal, Lucky Tran, Courtnie Weber, Caroline Weinberg, and Amanda Yang.


These are the roles of the National Committee along with their teams:

Committees Team Leads Team Members
Co-Chairs Valorie Aquino, Jonathan Berman, Caroline Weinberg
Steering Sofia Ahsanuddin, Rosalyn LaPier, Joanna Segal-Spencer, Lucky Tran
Logistics and Operations Kate Gage, Lina Miller Amanda Yang
Satellite Coordination Kishore Hari, Caitlin Pharo Adam Arcus, Jocelyn Barton, Rachael Holloway, Miles Greb, Claudio Paganini, Markus Strehlau, Erin Vaughn, Hugo Valls, Robin Viouroux
Communications Aaron Huertas Atu Darko, Paige Knappenberger, Bridget McGann
Social Media Beka Economopoulos, Courtnie Weber Thomas Gaudin, Anna Hardin, Karen James, David Lash, Ed Marshall, Carmi Orenstein, Kristina Sullivan
Mission Strategy Kristen Gunther Lucky Tran, Beka Economopoulos, Aaron Huertas
Partnerships Teon L. Brooks, Ayana Elizabeth Johnson Sofia Ahsanuddin, Kate Gage, Charise Johnson, Mercedes Paredes, and Sabriya Yukes
Fundraising Julia MacFall Anthony Burn
Blog Jennifer Redig Poornima Apte, Diana Crandall, Manasseh Franklin, Jayde Lovell, and Zoe Wood
Creative/Design Sloane Henningsen
Logo Design Bryan Francis
Tech Adam Miller Sam Kim, Amanda Yang

During the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), the largest scientific organization in the US, scientists held the "Rally to Stand Up for Science" at Copley Square, Boston, on February 19.[49][50] The same month, the AAAS announced its support for the march.[4][51] By mid-March, some 100 science organizations endorsed the March for Science, including many scientific societies. Endorsers of the march included the American Geophysical Union, American Association of Geographers, American Association of Physical Anthropologists, Society for Neuroscience, Society for Freshwater Science, American Statistical Association, Association for Psychological Science, American Sociological Association, Electrochemical Society, Entomological Society of America, California Academy of Sciences, and the Monterey Bay Aquarium.[52]

The University of Delaware Center for Political Communication conducted a survey of 1,040 members of March for Science Facebook groups or pages from March 31 to April 18 to study their motivations for joining the march.[53] Respondents cited the following as reasons for marching:[53]

Reason[53] Percent rating
"very important"[53]
Encouraging public officials to make policies based on scientific facts and evidence 97%
Opposing political attacks on the integrity of science 93%
Encouraging the public to support science 93%
Protesting cuts to funding for scientific research 90%
Celebrating the value of science and scientists to society 89%
Promoting science education and scientific literacy among the public 86%
Encouraging scientists to engage the public 70%
Encouraging diversity and inclusion in science 68%
To become more involved in politics or policy-making 45%

Before April, enthusiasts found existing knitting patterns for a hat shaped like a brain and proposed it as a symbol of solidarity for the march in analogy with the pussyhat project.[54]


Participation[]

Main articles: List of 2017 March for Science locations and March for Science Portland
Protesters march towards the Capitol Building

The primary march, organized by Earth Day Network and March for Science, in Washington, D.C., began at 10 AM with a rally and teach-in on the grounds of the Washington Monument, featuring speeches by concerned citizens alternating with scientists and engineers; including Denis Hayes, co-founder of the first Earth Day in 1970 and Bill Nye.[55] No politicians spoke at the rally.[55] At 2 PM the crowd of thousands, in spite of the steady rain throughout the day, proceeded down Constitution Avenue to 3rd Street, NW between the National Mall and the west front of the United States Capitol.[55][56]

Protesters gathered in over a hundred cities across the globe, with an estimated 70,000 participants in Boston, Massachusetts, and over 150,000 in several cities in California.

Reception[]

Lydia Villa-Komaroff

Professor Robert Proctor of Stanford University said that the March for Science was similar to other efforts by scientists such as Physicians for Social Responsibility; however, the scale was larger because "there's a broader perception of a massive attack on sacred notions of truth that are sacred to the scientific community."[57]

Organizers and some participants of the El Paso March for Science, April 22, 2017
Organizers and some participants of the El Paso March for Science, April 22, 2017

Support[]

On January 26, 2017, U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont expressed his support for the march, congratulating "those scientists and researchers who are fighting back".[58] U.S. Representative Bill Foster of Illinois, a physicist and the only current member of Congress with a Ph.D. in a natural sciences field, will join the march, "not as a Democratic member of Congress, but as a scientist."[59] Foster said that he viewed the march as political, but not partisan, saying, "if you see a specific policy that is inconsistent with the known principles of science, every citizen who is also a scientist should speak out."[59]

In February the AAAS and other science groups announced their support for the march.[4] Rush Holt Jr., the chief executive officer of the AAAS, expressed support for scientist involvement in politics.[51] Holt also emphasizes the importance of "appreciation for and understanding of science in the general population".[60]

What's so interesting is it's the first time, I think, anybody can point to in decades where there has been a spontaneous effort to defend the idea of science. It's not a march pro or con GMOs or pro or con nuclear power. It's about the value of science and the power of evidence. People are understandably and correctly outraged that in so many areas of public policy ideology is crowding out evidence, that evidence seems to be optional in the fashioning of public policy, and that you have officials using phrases like alternative fact.

— – Rush Holt[60]

Criticism[]

The march received a torrent of criticism from conservative publications for the perceived left-wing bias and orientation of the event.[61] Donald Trump's science adviser, climate change denier William Happer[62] stated that "there's no reason to assume the president is against science" and dismissed the march as a cult.[63]

A number of scientists voiced concerns over the march. Sylvester James Gates warned that "such a politically charged event might send a message to the public that scientists are driven by ideology more than by evidence".[63] Writing in the New York Times, Robert S. Young argued that the march will "reinforce the narrative from skeptical conservatives that scientists are an interest group and politicize their data, research and findings for their own ends" and that it would be better for scientists to "march into local civic groups, churches, county fairs and, privately, into the offices of elected officials."[64] Matthew Nisbet, writing for Skeptical Inquirer magazine right after the first march in 2017, states that it is not the least educated but the "best educated and most scientifically literate who are prone to biased reasoning and false beliefs about contentious science issues". In his opinion this will mean that the March will only deepen "partisan differences, while jeopardizing trust and impartiality and credibility of scientists". Nisbet feels that confidence in scientists is strong, and they should "use this capital wisely and effectively".[65]

Responding to criticism surrounding the political nature of the march, meteorologist and columnist Eric Holthaus wrote that the scientific field "has always been political" and referred to the example of Galileo Galilei's confrontation with the political order. Holthaus wrote that the scientists must also protest when "truth itself is being called into question".[66]

Discussing science's role in policy and government, Rush Holt points out a fallacy in viewing science and politics as philosophically incompatible: "The ethic in the profession is that you stick to your science, and if you're interested in how science affects public policy or public questions, just let the facts speak for themselves. Of course, there's a fallacy there, too. Facts are, by themselves, voiceless."[60]

San Francisco Lead Organizer Kristen Ratan debated Jerry Coyne on KQED's Forum[67][68] regarding his criticism of the March and remarked that the millennial generation is just finding its feet with regard to activism and should be encouraged. Ratan also distinguished between being political and being partisan and suggested that while the March for Science is a political act, it is by no means partisan, which implies blind allegiance to one party over another. Ratan reiterated that the March For Science supports evidence-based policy-making regardless of party or affiliation.

Follow-up[]

See also: March for Science 2018

Following the march, the organizers of the March for Science encouraged people to a "Week of Action" with an outline of daily actions.[69]

The following spring, Science not Silence: Voices from the March for Science Movement, was published by MIT Press.[70] The book, edited by Stephanie Fine Sasse and Lucky Tran, featured stories and images from marches held around the globe. It was selected as one of the "World's Best Human Rights Books" of Spring 2018 by Hong Kong Free Press.[71]

In July 2018, March for Science created and hosted the SIGNS (Science in Government, Institutions & Society) Summit in Chicago, Illinois. The summit was co-hosted by Field Museum and brought together organizers from satellite marches to connect, strategize, and develop skills to bring back to their communities.[72][73] The program featured notable figures, including talks by Fabio Rojas, Brian Nord, Adia Benton, and Dana R. Fisher, as well as a poetry reading by Ed Roberson. Many sessions were recorded and are available to view online.[74]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b VOA News (April 18, 2017). "Scientists Speak Out and March for Science". Voice of America. Archived from the original on August 17, 2017. Retrieved April 24, 2017 – via YouTube.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Kaplan, Sarah (January 25, 2017). "Are scientists going to march on Washington?". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 31, 2017. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
  3. ^ Kaplan, Sarah (October 23, 2017). "Six months later, the March for Science tries to build a lasting movement". Archived from the original on January 30, 2018. Retrieved January 30, 2018 – via www.WashingtonPost.com.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Sarah Kaplan, Bill Nye will join the March for Science Archived March 30, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Washington Post (March 30, 2017).
  5. ^ Milman, Oliver (April 22, 2017). "March for Science puts Earth Day focus on global opposition to Trump". theguardian.com. Archived from the original on April 22, 2017. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
  6. ^ "Scientists to oppose Donald Trump in huge 'March for Science' in Washington". The Independent. January 26, 2017. Archived from the original on February 16, 2021. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  7. ^ St. Fleur, Nicholas (April 22, 2017). "Scientists, Feeling Under Siege, March Against Trump Policies". New York Times. Archived from the original on April 25, 2017. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
  8. ^ Staff (April 22, 2017). "Pictures From the March for Science". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 25, 2017. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b "The marches for science, on one global interactive map". February 7, 2017. Archived from the original on February 21, 2017. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
  10. ^ "Satellite Marches". April 13, 2017. Archived from the original on April 13, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2017.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b "Is the March for Science Bad for Scientists?". The New Republic. March 1, 2017. Archived from the original on March 7, 2017. Retrieved March 6, 2017.
  12. ^ "March For Science Mission and vision". March 6, 2017. Archived from the original on March 18, 2017. Retrieved March 6, 2017.
  13. ^ "What Exactly Are People Marching for When They March for Science?". March 7, 2017. Archived from the original on March 7, 2017. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
  14. ^ "The Science Behind the March for Science Crowd Estimates". May 15, 2017. Archived from the original on May 20, 2017. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
  15. ^ sueddeutsche.de / Kathrin Zinkant 24 October 2017: Wissen an die Macht Archived March 4, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^ "March for Science | DC | March for Science". March for Science | DC | March for Science. Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  17. ^ "March For Science New York City 2018 | March For Science New York City 2018". March For Science New York City 2018. Archived from the original on March 8, 2018. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  18. ^ "March For Science 2018!". www.facebook.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2021. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  19. ^ Network, Action. "March for science 2018, baraut". actionnetwork.org. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  20. ^ "Third Annual March for Science Draws Crowds in New York and Over 150 Locations Around The World". March for Science. Archived from the original on June 19, 2019. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
  21. ^ Jump up to: a b c Ahuja, Masuma. "Scientists planning their own march in Washington". CNN. Archived from the original on January 31, 2017. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  22. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Sean Rossman. "First women, now scientists to march on Washington". USA Today. Archived from the original on February 1, 2017. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  23. ^ Jump up to: a b Adam Frank (February 12, 2017). "Why I'd Rather Not March". Archived from the original on March 7, 2017. Retrieved March 6, 2017.
  24. ^ Jump up to: a b c Brian Kahn. "Scientists Are Planning the Next Big Washington March". Climate Central (republished by Scientific American). Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  25. ^ Amy Harmon and Henry Fountain (February 6, 2017), "In Age of Trump, Scientists Show Signs of a Political Pulse", The New York Times, archived from the original on February 8, 2017, retrieved February 8, 2017CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  26. ^ Chris Mooney, Historians say the March for Science is 'pretty unprecedented' Archived April 22, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Washington Post (April 22, 2017).
  27. ^ Alcorn, Chauncey (April 19, 2017). "March for Science DC: What to know about the April 2017 march on Washington". Mic. Archived from the original on April 26, 2017. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
  28. ^ Lucky Tran and the March for Science on YouTube published on Apr 21, 2017 The National - CBC
  29. ^ Parker, Ashley; Davenport, Coral (May 26, 2016). "Donald Trump's Energy Plan: More Fossil Fuels and Fewer Rules". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 1, 2017. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
  30. ^ "Trump transition team for Energy Department seeks names of employees involved in climate meetings". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
  31. ^ "Scientists are frantically copying U.S. climate data, fearing it might vanish under Trump". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 21, 2017. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
  32. ^ Netburn, Deborah (February 9, 2017). "Science entering a new frontier: Politics". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
  33. ^ Kahn, Brian (January 26, 2017). "Scientists Are Planning the Next Big Washington March: In just two days, more than 300,000 people join a Facebook planning group". Scientific American. Archived from the original on January 26, 2017. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  34. ^ Firozi, Paulina (January 25, 2017). "Scientists are planning their own march on Washington". The Hill. Archived from the original on January 25, 2017. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
  35. ^ Grush, Loren (January 25, 2017). "Scientists plan to march on Washington and run for office to fight Trump". The Verge. Archived from the original on January 25, 2017. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
  36. ^ Hannah Devlin (February 15, 2017). "Trump's likely science adviser calls climate scientists 'glassy-eyed cult'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
  37. ^ "A grim budget day for U.S. science: analysis and reaction to Trump's plan". Science. AAAS. March 16, 2017. Archived from the original on March 30, 2017. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
  38. ^ "Marchers around the world tell us why they're taking to the streets for science". Science. April 13, 2017. Archived from the original on April 25, 2017. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
  39. ^ "All References to Climate Change Have Been Deleted From the White House Website • r/politics". reddit.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2021. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
  40. ^ Science Magazine (April 12, 2017). "Behind the scenes at the March for Science". Archived from the original on April 13, 2017. Retrieved April 24, 2017 – via YouTube.
  41. ^ "On eve of science march, planners look ahead". sciencemag.org. April 11, 2017. Archived from the original on April 25, 2017. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
  42. ^ Jump up to: a b c Ben Guarino, The March for Science began with this person's 'throwaway line' on Reddit Archived April 23, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Washington Post, (21 April 2017)
  43. ^ "Scientists' March On Washington Being Planned". Forbes. January 26, 2017. Archived from the original on January 26, 2017. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  44. ^ Scientific American's editors (May 2017). "To Change Politics, Do More Than March for Science; To fight antiresearch policies, scientists must become activists for the long haul". Scientific American. 316 (5): 9. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0517-9. PMID 28437405. The protests, planned for Washington, D.C., and other cities around the U.S. and the globe, quickly gathered support from major scientific societies, tens of thousands of volunteers, hordes of Twitter supporters and 800,000 members in a Facebook group
  45. ^ Azeen Ghorayshi (February 4, 2017), Scientists Are Arguing About Whether The March For Science Will Be Too Political, BuzzFeed, archived from the original on February 8, 2017, retrieved February 8, 2017, a heated argument has broken out about whether the march is making science too political — or whether it's not making science political enough
  46. ^ Kahn, Brian (February 3, 2017). "March for Science Set for Earth Day". Scientific American. Archived from the original on February 3, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  47. ^ "March for Science". April 21, 2017. Archived from the original on April 21, 2017. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  48. ^ March for Science chat with Mozilla Science Fellow, Teon Brooks, retrieved April 17, 2021
  49. ^ "Scientists hold rally in Boston to protest threat to science". ABC News. Archived from the original on February 22, 2017. Retrieved February 22, 2017.
  50. ^ "Scientists feel compelled to speak out on Trump". Boston Globe. February 18, 2017. Archived from the original on February 21, 2017. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
  51. ^ Jump up to: a b Ghosh, Pallab (February 20, 2017). "AAAS chief puts weight behind protest march". BBC News. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Retrieved June 22, 2018.
  52. ^ Wessel, Lindzi (March 15, 2017), "Updated: Some 100 groups have now endorsed the March for Science", Science, doi:10.1126/science.aal0697, archived from the original on April 27, 2017, retrieved April 25, 2017
  53. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Peter Bothum, March Participants Interested in Both Promoting, Defending Science Archived April 27, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, University of Delaware News Office (April 21, 2017).
  54. ^ Preston, Elizabeth (April 11, 2017). "The March for Science searches for its pussyhat". Racked. Archived from the original on April 21, 2017. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
  55. ^ Jump up to: a b c Joel Achenbach; Ben Guarino; Sarah Kaplan (April 22, 2017). "Why people are marching for science: 'There is no Planet B'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on April 30, 2017. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
  56. ^ Nicholas St. Fleur (April 22, 2017). "Scientists, Feeling Under Siege, March Against Trump Policies". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 3, 2017. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
  57. ^ "Historians say the March for Science is 'pretty unprecedented'". idahostatesman. Archived from the original on March 4, 2021. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
  58. ^ Firozi, Paulina (January 27, 2017). "Sanders applauds scientists 'fighting back' with planned DC march". The Hill. Archived from the original on February 4, 2017. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
  59. ^ Jump up to: a b Lev Gacher, Congress's one PhD-trained scientist will join march on Washington Archived April 6, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Stat (April 5, 2017).
  60. ^ Jump up to: a b c Roberts, Jacob (2017). "Political Scientist". Distillations. 3 (1): 30–33. Archived from the original on April 11, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  61. ^ "March for Science comes under microscope over left-tilting political agenda". Archived from the original on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 1, 2018.
  62. ^ Hannah Devlin, Trump's likely science adviser calls climate scientists 'glassy-eyed cult' Archived February 19, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, February 15, 2017.
  63. ^ Jump up to: a b Flam, Faye (March 7, 2017). "Why Some Scientists Won't March for Science". Bloomberg View. Archived from the original on March 7, 2017. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
  64. ^ Young, Robert S. (January 31, 2017). "A Scientists' March on Washington Is a Bad Idea". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 7, 2017. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
  65. ^ Nisbet, Matthew (2017). "The March for Science: Partisan Protests Put Public Trust in Scientists at Risk". Skeptical Inquirer. 41 (4): 18–19.
  66. ^ Holthaus, Eric (February 1, 2017). "The March for Science Isn't 'Political'—It's a Defense of Basic Truth". Pacific Standard. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
  67. ^ "Scientists Across the Nation Trade in Lab Coats for Protest Signs". kqed.org. Archived from the original on April 26, 2017. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
  68. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 4, 2021. Retrieved April 25, 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  69. ^ "'I Marched For Science' - Introducing A Week of Action". March for Science. Archived from the original on April 24, 2017. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
  70. ^ Fine Sasse, Stephanie; Tran, Lucky, eds. (2018). Science not Silence: Voices from the March for Science Movement. The MIT Press.
  71. ^ Tsung-gan, Kong (July 2, 2018). "The world's best human rights books: Spring 2018". Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. Archived from the original on September 6, 2019. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
  72. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on September 25, 2019. Retrieved December 18, 2019.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  73. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on December 18, 2019. Retrieved December 18, 2019.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  74. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved December 18, 2019.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

External links[]

Retrieved from ""