Mario & Luigi

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Mario & Luigi
Mario and Luigi Logo.png
The logo used since 2013
Genre(s)Role-playing
Developer(s)AlphaDream
Publisher(s)Nintendo
Platform(s)
First releaseMario & Luigi: Superstar Saga
November 17, 2003
Latest releaseMario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story + Bowser Jr.'s Journey
December 27, 2018
Parent seriesMario

Mario & Luigi is a series of role-playing video games developed by AlphaDream and published by Nintendo for the latter's various video game handheld consoles. The series is a spin-off from Nintendo's trademark Super Mario series, and stars the titular characters Mario and Luigi. The story follows the two on a quest to defeat the antagonist, primarily Bowser. It began in 2003 on the Game Boy Advance with Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga, the last title being Mario & Luigi: Paper Jam in 2015 for the Nintendo 3DS. Two other titles in the series, including Superstar Saga, had an additional remake for the Nintendo 3DS, with Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story + Bowser Jr.'s Journey being the last game in the series before AlphaDream declared bankruptcy in 2019.

Gameplay[]

Games[]

Release timeline
2003Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga
2004
2005Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time
2006
2007
2008
2009Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story
2010
2011
2012
2013Mario & Luigi: Dream Team
2014
2015Mario & Luigi: Paper Jam
2016
2017Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga + Bowser's Minions
2018Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story + Bowser Jr.'s Journey

Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga[]

Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga is a role-playing game released in 2003 for the Game Boy Advance; the game was later re-released on the Wii U Virtual Console in 2014. In Superstar Saga, Princess Peach's voice is stolen by the villains Cackletta and Fawful of the Beanbean Kingdom. Mario, Luigi, and Bowser team up to head to the kingdom and retrieve her voice.

Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga + Bowser's Minions[]

Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga + Bowser's Minions is a role-playing game released in 2017 for the Nintendo 3DS. It is a remake of Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga, featuring updated graphics and music, amiibo functionality, and other improvements. It also features a new storyline titled Minion Quest: The Search for Bowser.

Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time[]

Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time is a role-playing game released in 2005 for the Nintendo DS; the game was later re-released on the Wii U Virtual Console in 2015.

Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story[]

Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story is a role-playing game released in 2009 for the Nintendo DS.

Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story + Bowser Jr.'s Journey[]

Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story + Bowser Jr.'s Journey is a role-playing game released in 2018 for the Nintendo 3DS. With the addition of the prior base content, it also includes remastered graphics, music, and reworked combat. It also includes Bowser Jr.'s Journey, which focuses on the story of Bowser Jr. during the game's events.

Mario & Luigi: Dream Team[]

Mario & Luigi: Dream Team is a role-playing game released in 2013 for the Nintendo 3DS.

Mario & Luigi: Paper Jam[]

Mario & Luigi: Paper Jam is a role-playing game released in 2015 for the Nintendo 3DS.

Development and history[]

The Mario & Luigi series is based on the foundations of Super Mario RPG

AlphaDream founding (2000-2003)[]

AlphaDream was founded in 2000 by former employees from Square including Chihiro Fujioka, director of Super Mario RPG, and Tetsuo Mizuno, Square's second president.[1][2][3] Square had previously developed Super Mario RPG, the first role-playing game (RPG) starring characters from the Mario series. After a number of smaller games, Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga was their first game to be released outside of Japan.

"Because I don’t want to end up in a situation where my mind is too clouded by nostalgia for old games, and I can’t focus on how to best explore new avenues and new ways of bringing fun and surprising experiences to people."

Producer Akira Ohtani, 2013 IGN interview[4]

The Mario & Luigi series took inspiration from Super Mario RPG when it came to turn-based combat. Yoshihiko Maekawa, a producer at AlphaDream who also co-directed Super Mario RPG, noted how the latter was inspired by a children's toy in Japan where the player had to press buttons in time with music. From there he conceptualized turn based mechanics that blended action with general RPG gameplay, where the player had to make timed button presses to be more successful. It was there the developers knew they were creating an RPG game that had a Mario feel. Transitioning to the Mario & Luigi series, AlphaDream revisited the timed button pressing combat system, making additions for the first game in the series, Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga. Each game following, they experimented more with the buttons available, making further additions as the series progressed.[4]

When it came to characters in the Mario franchise at the time, they were generally underdeveloped. Since Mario & Luigi is mainly based on a text-based story, AlphaDream approached Nintendo with the mindset of revamping characters such as Luigi. With Nintendo's approval and support, the characters and their depth were developed from scratch.[4]

Nintendo DS era (2004-2009)[]

Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story was revealed to be in development in October 2008 in Japan at Nintendo's Tokyo Press Event. At the time, the game was called Mario & Luigi RPG 3!!!.[5] From there, it was announced in North America and Europe at the E3 2009 event and released in the fall of the same year.[6]

Nintendo 3DS era (2010-2015)[]

With the introduction of three-dimensional graphics on the Nintendo 3DS, AlphaDream was given the opportunity to change their two-dimensional sprites to 3D ones with the updated hardware. However, Maekawa believed the company not only got very good at designing sprites due to limited graphical capability on prior consoles, but they also helped convey comical expressions, so they were kept. Instead, the backgrounds were fit to 3D.[7] Akira Otani, a producer of the series, considered the animation to be the main reasoning for the extensive development process of Mario & Luigi: Dream Team. He mentioned how it takes up to six people to design the animations for the characters alone.[8]

When it came to Mario & Luigi: Dream Team, the underlying goal was to put emphasis more on Luigi, as Maekawa considered to be lesser in-depth even after his reworking on his character. one of the first ideas for a gimmick suggested was having a large number of Luigis on-screen at one time. Due to advancing hardware, the processing power of such a task would work well. After the idea was determined, they began coming up with ideas where having multiple Luigis would make sense, and they stuck with the game taking place inside a dream. Due to the limitless concept of a dream world, coming up with level ideas was simple.[7]

According to the developers, Mario & Luigi: Paper Jam was created not to make a crossover between the Mario & Luigi and Paper Mario series, but rather to introduce the gimmick of having a third character to control simultaneously. When discussing the third character to control the third set of buttons, it was brought up how two Mario's would be an interesting concept. While developing the game—with supervision from Intelligent Systems, the developers of the Paper Mario series—they were keen not to sacrifice simplicity for extra content, one of the ultimate goals of the Mario & Luigi series. For example, when one of the prototypes of the game that involved rapid and sudden button presses was presented to Shigeru Miyamoto, he directly turned the concept down and asked for it to be simpler.[9]

Remakes and studio closure (2016-2019)[]

After Paper Jam, AlphaDream began work on remakes of older games in the series. Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga + Bowser's Minions is a remake of the first game that includes an additional mode, Minion Quest: The Search for Bowser, which follows Captain Goomba and features a real-time strategy battle system. The main reason why Bowser's Inside Story + Bowser Jr.'s Journey was released for the Nintendo 3DS and not the Nintendo Switch was for its use of dual screens, similar to that of the Nintendo DS. In addition, timing reasons led the developers to choose the 3DS as they could easily build upon prior assets instead of creating the title from scratch. Bowser Jr. was the focus of the side story because they wanted to build the parent-child narrative between him and Bowser. They also decided to remake Bowser's Inside Story and skip Partners in Time due to the former being the most successful game in the series.[10]

The Mario & Luigi games were on a decline - a source once mentioned to me that this year’s Bowser’s Inside Story remake sold so badly that Nintendo axed other 3DS plans due to it.

Game Informer writer Imran Khan, 2019[11]

From 2018 to 2019, AlphaDream began searching for people to hire, including graphic designers and production assistants with the intention of future games for the Nintendo Switch and smartphones.[12][13] Their most recent Mario & Luigi game, Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story + Bowser Jr's Journey, was selling poorly and is one of the worst-selling Mario games in Japan to date.[13] Other release plans for the handheld were cancelled because of the low sales, also marking the last Mario game on the console. By March 2018, Yahoo! Japan reported Alphadream was £3.5 million yen in debt (US$4.3 million) due to development costs. The company filed for bankruptcy in October 2019.[11] Three months later in January 2020, Nintendo filed a trademark for the series in Argentina,[14] and while most assumed Nintendo was simply protecting their IP, it also lead to speculation that the series would hopefully continue on a later date.[15][16][17]

Reception and legacy[]

Aggregate review scores
Game Year Metacritic
Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga 2003 90/100[18]
Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time 2005 86/100[19]
Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story 2009 90/100[20]
Mario & Luigi: Dream Team 2013 81/100[21]
Mario & Luigi: Paper Jam 2015 76/100[22]
Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga + Bowser's Minions 2017 81/100[23]
Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story + Bowser Jr.'s Journey 2018 84/100[24]

References[]

  1. ^ Judge, Alysia (2019-10-02). "Mario & Luigi RPG Series Creator, AlphaDream, Files For Bankruptcy". IGN. Archived from the original on 2021-02-06. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
  2. ^ Ashcraft, Brian (2019-10-02). "Mario & Luigi RPG Developer AlphaDream Has Gone Bankrupt". Kotaku. Archived from the original on 2020-04-09. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
  3. ^ "『マリオ＆ルイージRPG』シリーズなどの開発会社アルファドリームの破産手続き開始が決定 直近では『けだまのゴンじろー フィットエンドラン』の開発も | gamebiz". Gamebiz【ゲームビズ】.
  4. ^ a b c Otero, Jose (2013-08-13). "Where Mario & Luigi: Dream Team and Super Mario RPG Collide". IGN. Archived from the original on 2021-03-11. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
  5. ^ "Nintendo Reveals Punch-Out!! Wii, Sin and Punishment 2, and More". 1UP.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-08.
  6. ^ "Nintendo Introduces New Social Entertainment Experiences at E3 Expo". Nintendo of America. 2009-06-02. Archived from the original on 2018-06-14. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
  7. ^ a b Khaw, Cassandra (2013-08-06). "USGamer Interviews the Developers of Mario & Luigi : Dream Team". USGamer. Archived from the original on 2019-09-14. Retrieved 2021-04-27.
  8. ^ Sahdev, Ishaan (2013-07-03). "Why Mario and Luigi: Dream Team Took So Long To Develop". Siliconera. Archived from the original on 2021-04-27. Retrieved 2021-04-27.
  9. ^ Webster, Andrew (2016-02-12). "How Super Mario became an unlikely RPG star". The Verge. Archived from the original on 2020-11-08. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
  10. ^ Hilliard, Kyle (2019-01-14). "AlphaDream On Remaking Bowser's Inside Story And How Mario & Luigi Could Possibly Fit Inside Of Bowser". Game Informer. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
  11. ^ a b Craddock, Ryan (2019-10-02). "Mario & Luigi RPG Dev AlphaDream Files For Bankruptcy". IGN. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
  12. ^ Doolan, Liam (2018-07-08). "Mario & Luigi Developer AlphaDream Recruiting Graphic Designers For Switch And Smartphone Projects". Nintendo Life. Archived from the original on 2020-11-24. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
  13. ^ a b Liam, Doolan (2019-02-20). "Mario & Luigi Developer AlphaDream Seeking Production Assistant". Nintendo Life. Archived from the original on 2020-11-30. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
  14. ^ Doolan, Liam (2020-01-12). "New Trademark Suggests The Mario & Luigi Series Is Making A Comeback". Nintendo Life. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
  15. ^ Purslow, Matt (2020-02-14). "New Mario & Luigi Trademark Filed By Nintendo Despite Series' Studio Closure". IGN. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
  16. ^ Gera, Emily (2020-01-12). "Nintendo has filed a new trademark application for Mario & Luigi series". VG247. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
  17. ^ Wong, Alistair (2020-01-13). "Nintendo Files New Trademark for Mario & Luigi Series in Argentina". Siliconera. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
  18. ^ "Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga". Metacritic. Archived from the original on December 11, 2010. Retrieved April 7, 2011.
  19. ^ "Metacritic score of Mario & Luigi: Partners in Time". Metacritic. Archived from the original on 2010-05-31. Retrieved 2021-01-29.
  20. ^ "Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story". Metacritic. Archived from the original on 2010-05-04. Retrieved 2012-11-15.
  21. ^ "Mario & Luigi: Dream Team". Metacritic. Archived from the original on 2019-11-27. Retrieved 2012-07-14.
  22. ^ "Mario & Luigi: Paper Jam". Metacritic. Archived from the original on November 30, 2015. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
  23. ^ "Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga + Bowser's Minions". Metacritic. Archived from the original on September 21, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
  24. ^ "Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story + Bowser Jr.'s Journey". Metacritic. Archived from the original on July 13, 2020. Retrieved September 2, 2020.
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