Mass media in Namibia

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Mass media in Namibia includes radio, television, and online and print formats.

Overview[]

Although Namibia's population is fairly small, the country has a diverse choice of media; in 2010 two TV stations, 19 radio stations (without counting community stations), 5 daily newspapers, several weeklies and special publications compete for the attention of the audience. As of 2014, Namibia had 3 television stations, 13 newspapers, and 25 radio stations.[1] Additionally, a mentionable amount of foreign media, especially South African, is available. Online media are mostly based on print publication contents. Namibia has a state-owned Press Agency, called NAMPA.[2] Overall c. 500 journalists work in the country.[3]

Compared to neighbouring countries, Namibia has a large degree of media freedom. Over the past years, the country usually ranked in the upper quarter of the Press Freedom Index of Reporters without Borders, reaching position 21 in 2010, being on par with Canada and the best-positioned African country.[4] The shows similarly positive results.[citation needed] However, as in other countries, there is still mentionable influence of representatives of state and economy on media in Namibia.[2] In 2009, Namibia dropped to position 36 on the Press Freedom Index.[5] In 2013, it was 19th.[6] In 2014 it ranked 22nd[7] In 2021, Namibia ranked 24th in the world[8]

Media and journalists in Namibia are represented by the Namibian chapter of the Media Institute of Southern Africa and the . An independent media ombudsman was appointed in 2009 to prevent a state-controlled media council.[2]

History[]

The first newspaper in Namibia was the German-language , founded 1898 by attorney George Wasserfall. It mainly reported on movements of the German imperial forces, the Schutztruppe. After the establishment of the newspaper the German colonial administration used it as a government gazette.[9]

During German rule, the newspapers mainly reflected the living reality and the view of the white German-speaking minority. The black majority was ignored or depicted as a threat. During South African rule, the white bias continued, with mentionable influence of the Pretoria government on the "South West African" media system. Independent newspapers were seen as a menace to the existing order, critical journalists threatened.[2][10][11]

Publications[]

See also: List of newspapers in Namibia
Headquarters of Windhoek Observer newspaper, 2011

Current daily newspapers are the private publications The Namibian (English and other languages), Die Republikein (Afrikaans), Allgemeine Zeitung (German) and Namibian Sun (English) as well as the state-owned New Era (predominantly English). Except for the most widely circulated newspaper, The Namibian,[1] which is owned by a trust, the other mentioned private newspapers are part of the Democratic Media Holdings.[2]

Weekly publications are the tabloid owned by , Windhoek Observer, Namibia Economist, as well as the regional . Current affairs magazines include Insight Namibia, [citation needed] and . Monthly publications are Sister Namibia magazine, the longest running NGO magazine in Namibia and Namibia Sport, the only national sport magazine. Furthermore, the print market is complemented with party publications, student newspapers and PR publications.[2]

Radio[]

See also: List of radio stations in Africa § Namibia, and Telecommunications in Namibia § Radio and television

Radio was introduced in 1969 with , an FM channel destined for the indigenous Ovambo people. However, people in Namibia already owned short wave radio sets to receive international channels, such that FM radio broadcasts were initially not widely received.[12]

Today the Namibian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) is the public broadcaster and offers a "National Radio" in English and nine language services in locally spoken languages. The nine private radio stations in the country are mainly English-language channels, except for Kosmos 94.1 (Afrikaans) and Radio Omulunga (Ovambo).

Current
Defunct

Television[]

See also: Telecommunications in Namibia § Radio and Television

Television service in Namibia started in 1981 with rebroadcasts of programs of the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC). The service was at least a day late as the cassettes had to be flown in from South Africa, and it was available only in the capital Windhoek. Later TV was also available in Oshakati and in Walvis Bay, and over time local content was added.[15]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c Falola 2015.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Rothe, Andreas (2010): Media System and News Selection in Namibia. p. 14-96
  3. ^ Kahiurika, Ndanki; Ngutjinazo, Okeri (22 January 2019). "40 journalists lose jobs since 2016". The Namibian. p. 6.
  4. ^ "Press Freedom Index 2010". Reporters Without Borders. Archived from the original on 24 November 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
  5. ^ "Press Freedom Index 2009". Reporters Without Borders. Archived from the original on 28 January 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
  6. ^ "Press Freedom Index 2013". Archived from the original on 27 July 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
  7. ^ "World Press Freedom Index". Reporters Without Borders. Archived from the original on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  8. ^ "World press freedom, 30 years after the Declaration of Windhoek". The GroundTruth Project. 2021-05-03. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
  9. ^ Heuva, William Edward (November 1996). The Alternative Press in Namibia 1960–1990 (PDF). Rhodes University.
  10. ^ von Nahmen, Carsten (2001): Deutschsprachige Medien in Namibia
  11. ^ Mosia, Lebona; Riddle, Charles; Zaffiro, Jim (1994). "From Revolutionary to Regime Radio: Three Decades of Nationalist Broadcasting in Southern Africa" (PDF). Africa Media Review. African Council for Communication Education. 8 (1).
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Namibia Profile: Media". BBC News. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
  13. ^ Europa 2003.
  14. ^ Dierks, Klaus. "Chronology of Namibian History, 1981". klausdierks.com. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  15. ^ Victor Tonchi; et al. (2012). Historical Dictionary of Namibia (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-5398-0.

Bibliography[]

  • William Heuva (2001). Media and Resistance Politics: The Alternative Press in Namibia, 1960-1990.  [de]. Basel: P. Schlettwein. ISBN 978-3-908193-10-4.
  • Carsten von Nahmen (2001). Deutschsprachige Medien in Namibia: vom Windhoeker Anzeiger zum Deutschen Hörfunkprogramm der Namibian Broadcasting Corporation, 1898-1998 (in German). Windhoek:  [de]. ISBN 999164024X.
  • "Namibia: Directory: the Press". Africa South of the Sahara 2003. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2003. p. 744+. ISSN 0065-3896. (Includes broadcasting)
  • Martin Buch Larsen (2007). Media environment in Namibia, 1990-2007. Windhoek: Media Institute of Southern Africa. ISBN 9789994568239.
  • Andreas Rothe (2011). Media System and News Selections in Namibia. Münster: LIT Verlag. ISBN 9783643111944.
  • Toyin Falola; Daniel Jean-Jacques, eds. (2015). "Namibia: Media". Africa: an Encyclopedia of Culture and Society. ABC-CLIO. p. 909. ISBN 978-1-59884-666-9.
  • "Namibia", Freedom of the Press, USA: Freedom House, 2015, OCLC 57509361

External links[]

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