Mild hybrid
Mild hybrids (also known as power-assist hybrids, battery-assisted hybrid vehicles or BAHVs) are generally cars with an internal combustion engine equipped with an electric machine (one motor/generator in a parallel hybrid configuration) allowing the engine to be turned off whenever the car is coasting, braking, or stopped, yet restart quickly. Mild hybrids may employ regenerative braking and some level of power assist to the internal combustion engine (ICE), but mild hybrids do not have an electric-only mode of propulsion.[1][2][3]
Overview[]
This section does not cite any sources. (December 2016) |
The electric motor provides greater efficiency by replacing the starter and alternator with a single device that assists the powertrain. Mild hybrids do not require the same level of battery power and do not achieve the same levels of fuel economy improvement as compared to full hybrid models. One example is the 2005-07 Chevrolet Silverado, Parallel Hybrid Truck (PHT) a full-size pickup truck with a single 7 kW 3-phase electric motor mounted in the bell-housing between the engine and a conventional 4L60E transmission. Chevrolet was able to get a 10% improvement on the Silverado's city fuel efficiency by shutting down and restarting the engine on demand, and the reduction of parasitic accessory loads. However the PHT had no power assist features or all-electric "electric vehicle" (EV) capability, and very limited regenerative braking features.[citation needed]
Advantages and disadvantages[]
This section does not cite any sources. (October 2020) |
Compared to a full hybrid vehicle, mild hybrids may provide some of the benefits of the application of hybrid technologies, with less of the cost–weight penalty that is incurred by installing a full hybrid series-parallel drivetrain. Fuel savings would generally be lower than expected with use of a full hybrid design, as the design does not facilitate high levels of regenerative braking or necessarily promote the use of smaller, lighter, more efficient internal combustion engines.
Examples[]
General Motors[]
General Motors mild hybrids including the Parallel Hybrid Truck (PHT) and numerous cars and SUVs equipped with the BAS Hybrid system, often use a 36- to 48-volt system to supply the power needed for the startup motor, as well as a source of power to compensate for the increasing number of electronic accessories on modern vehicles.[4] GM's belt alternator starter (BAS) mild hybrid system uses a belt drive to start the internal combustion engine (ICE) through its motor–generator unit (MGU), then once started the engine drives the 14.5 kW motor-generator to charge the batteries. The BAS hybrid system also utilizes regenerative braking to replenish the system's 36 V battery and can provide moderate levels of power assist. According to the EPA, a 2009 Saturn Vue Greenline equipped with the BAS Hybrid system delivers a 27% improvement in combined fuel economy over the non-hybrid version (FWD 4cyl).[5]
Honda[]
This section does not cite any sources. (December 2016) |
Honda's Integrated Motor Assist directly attaches a brushless DC motor between the flywheel and transaxle, providing both assistance during acceleration and regeneration during coasting/braking. It has been produced in various voltages and power outputs, as dictated by the size and weight of the vehicle application. Models equipped with the Integrated Motor Assist include the Honda Insight (1999–2006, 2009– ), Honda Jazz (2011– ) Honda Civic (2003�� ), Honda Accord (2005–2007), and CR-Z (2010–2016).
Others[]
During the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing in August, Chinese automobile manufacturer Chang'an Motors supplied a number of hybrid-drive cars as taxis for the athletes and spectators. The power electronics for the "mild hybrid" drive was supplied by Infineon.[6]
Toyota sold a mild hybrid version of the luxurious Toyota Crown beginning in 2002 only for the Japanese domestic market.[7] Fuel economy was increased when compared with the standard 3.0 straight-6 petrol unit. Toyota now sells a full hybrid with an electric motor for the new 2008 Toyota Crown under their brand name Hybrid Synergy Drive.
MINI and BMW have start and stop, and some with regenerative braking, in all of their vehicles sold in Europe running 4-cylinder engines with manual transmissions.
Citroën proposes a stop and start system on its C2 and C3 models.[8] The concept-car C5 Airscape has an improved version of that, adding regenerative braking and traction assistance functionalities, and ultracapacitors for energy buffering.[9]
In 2004 VW brought two mild hybrid concept cars to Shanghai for the Challenge Bibendum.[10]
Suzuki have announced the Suzuki Baleno with integrated -technology in 2016 on a new . Suzuki has had experience with this mild-hybrid technology in their Suzuki Ciaz.
List of makes and models[]
- Chevrolet Silverado Hybrid (2005–2007)[11]
- Saturn Vue Green Line (BAS Hybrid, 2007–2009)
- Saturn Aura Green Line (BAS Hybrid model 2007–2009)
- Chevrolet Malibu (BAS Hybrid model 2008–2010)
- Mercedes-Benz S400 HYBRID[2]
- BMW ActiveHybrid 3/ActiveHybrid 5/ActiveHybrid 7[2]
- Peugeot 308 e-HDi (from 2011, referred to by the manufacturer as micro-hybrid)
- Buick LaCrosse with eAssist (2012–)
- Buick Regal w/ eAssist (2012–)
- LaFerrari (2013– 2018)
- Chevrolet Malibu w/ eAssist (2014–)
- Chevrolet Impala (2014 eAssist version; arriving 4th Quarter 2013)
- Honda Hybrids with Integrated Motor Assist
- Suzuki Ciaz SHVS (2015–)
- Suzuki Ertiga w/ SHVS (2015–)
- Suzuki Baleno w/ SHVS (2016–)
- Audi A8 (2017–),
- Audi A6 (2018–)
- Audi A4 (2020–)
- Audi A5 (2019–)
- Audi A3 (2020–)
- Audi A7 (2018–)
- Audi Q5 (2021–)
- Audi Q7 (2020–)
- Audi Q8 (2019–)
- Ford Puma mHEV (2019-)
- Ford Fiesta mHEV (2020-)
- Ford Focus mHEV (2020-)
- Kia Sportage (2018–)
- Hyundai Tucson (2018–)
- Hyundai i30 (2020–)
- Ram 1500 eTorque (2019–)
- Jeep Wrangler (2018–)
- Maserati Ghibli Hybrid (2020–)
- Mercedes-Benz C 200/C 300 (2018–2021)
- Mercedes-Benz C 180/C 200/C 300/C 220d/C 300d (2021–)
- Mercedes-Benz E 350 (2019–2020)
- Mercedes-Benz E 200/E 300 (2019–)
- Mercedes-Benz E 450 4MATIC/E 300d 4MATIC (2021–)
- Mercedes-AMG E 53 4MATIC+ (2019–)
- Mercedes-Benz CLS 350/CLS 450 4MATIC/CLS 300d 4MATIC (2018–)
- Mercedes-AMG CLS 53 4MATIC+ (2018–)
- Mercedes-Benz GLE 350 4MATIC/GLE 450 4MATIC/GLE 580 4MATIC (2019–)
- Mercedes-AMG GLE 53 4MATIC+/GLE 63 4MATIC+/GLE 63 4MATIC+ (2020–)
- Mercedes-Benz GLS 450 4MATIC (2020–)
- Mercedes-Benz GLS 580 4MATIC (2019–)
- Mercedes-AMG GLS 63 4MATIC+ (2020–)
- Mercedes-Maybach GLS 600 4MATIC (2020–)
- Mercedes-Benz S 450/S 500 (2018–2020)
- Mercedes-Benz S 450 4MATIC/S 500 4MATIC/S 580 4MATIC (2021–)
- Mercedes-Maybach S 480 4MATIC/S 580 4MATIC (2021–)
- Mercedes-AMG GT 53 4MATIC+ (2018–)
- Range Rover Evoque (2018–)
- Mazda CX-5 (2019-) [12]
- Mazda 3 (2019-) [13][14][15]
- Mazda 2 (2020-) [16]
- Fiat 500 Hybrid (2020-)
- Fiat Panda Hybrid (2020-)
- Subaru Forester e-boxer (2019-)
- Lancia Ypsilon Hybrid (2020-)
- Suzuki Ignis Hybrid AllGrip (2020-)
- Lamborghini Sian (2020-)
- Volvo XC60 (2020-)[17]
- Volvo XC90 (2020-)[17]
- Nissan Qashqai (2021-).
See also[]
- BAS hybrid (eAssist)
- Integrated Motor Assist
- Micro HEV
References[]
- ^ "Pilot Project MOVELE: An initiative of the IDAE in favour of energy efficiency in transport" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-05-30. Retrieved 2013-08-09.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Sam Abuelsamid (2009-04-03). "What is a mild hybrid?". AutoblogGreen. Retrieved 2010-03-22.
- ^ "Maruti Suzuki Ciaz Hybrid / SHVS working - All you need to know". Indian Car News. 2015-08-25. Retrieved 2017-01-01.
- ^ "MIT/Industry Consortium on Advanced Automotive Electrical/Electronic Components and Systems". 17 September 2004. Archived from the original on 17 September 2004.
- ^ "Compare Cars Side-by-Side". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2017-01-01.
- ^ "News | Electronics EETimes". Eetimes.eu. Retrieved 2017-01-01.
- ^ "The Widespread Introduction of the TOYOTA Mild Hybrid Cars (HEV) May Promote an Earlier Introduction of 42V Cars". 23 October 2009. Archived from the original on 23 October 2009.
- ^ "Citroën.com, the International website of Citroën". Citroen.com. Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2017-01-01.
- ^ "Citroën.com, the International website of Citroën". Citroen.com. Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2017-01-01.
- ^ "VW Brings Diesel Mild-Hybrid Concept to Shanghai". Green Car Congress. 2004-10-13. Retrieved 2017-01-01.
- ^ Michael Doherty (2009-02-26). "List of Hybrid Cars ~ Hybrid Car Review". Hybridreview.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2017-01-01.
- ^ https://www.mazda.co.nz/mazda-cx-5/reviews/mazda-unveils-it%E2%80%99s-next-eco-step-0
- ^ https://www.mazda.ro/stiri/stiri-mazda/mazda3/noua-mazda3-a-ajuns-in-romania/
- ^ https://allnewmazda3.mazda.co.uk/all-new-mazda3/hatchback/
- ^ https://www.mazda.com/globalassets/en/assets/csr/download/2017/2017_all.pdf
- ^ https://www.mazda.co.uk/cars/mazda2/
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Mild hybrids | Volvo Cars UK". www.volvocars.com. Retrieved 2020-11-20.
- Hybrid powertrain
- Hybrid vehicles