Most Evil
| Most Evil | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Starring |
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| Narrated by | Tim Hopper |
| Country of origin | United States |
| No. of seasons | 4 |
| No. of episodes | 38 |
| Release | |
| Original network | Discovery Channel Revived series: Investigation Discovery |
| Original release | July 13, 2006 – April 7, 2008 Revived series: December 7, 2014 |
| External links | |
| Website | |
Most Evil is an American forensics television program on Investigation Discovery, first aired in 2006, presented by forensic psychiatrist Dr. Michael H. Stone of Columbia University during the program's first three seasons, and by forensic psychologist Dr. Kris Mohandie its fourth season.[1] On the show, the presenter rates murderers on a scale of evil that Stone himself has developed. The show features profiles on various murderers, serial killers, and mass murder of various degrees of psychopathy.
Episodes[]
Season 1 (2006)[]
| No. in season | Title | Original air date [2] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | "Killer Lies" | July 13, 2006 | |
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Dr. Stone considers those killers who decieve are twice as evil. The more wicked the crime and the more premeditated the deceit, the higher they are placed on his scale. Susan Smith kills her sons by driving into a lake and letting them drown. She later claimed that someone hijacked her car and kidnapped the two boys. John List kills his entire family and went on to start a new life. Nathaniel Bar-Jonah was accused murdering a 10 year-old boy, which he denies. He is now serving life imprisonment for molesting two other boys. Dennis Rader was, for years, the notorious "B.T.K. killer", Rader also lived a double-life by being both a minister and a Boy Scout leader, leading the police to not view him as the possible suspect until 30 years later. Note: That was official by the time of this episode, Bar-Jonah died of a heart attack two years later. | |||
| 02 | "Cold-Blooded Killers" | July 20, 2006 | |
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Dr. Stone studies four serial killers. Ted Bundy rapes and kills 35+ in the 1970s throughout the U.S. Gary Ridgway rapes and kills 49 prostitutes and usually dumps their bodies in the Green River in Washington state, giving him the name the "Green River Killer". He is considered the most "Prolific" serial killer in American history. Tommy Lynn Sells is put on Death Row for one murder, but he confessed many more. So far 11 of them were confirmed following his death sentence. John Wayne Gacy was responsible for 33 unknown murders in the Chicago area as he buried them in his crawlspace. Note:: Sells was eventually executed in 2014, so no one will know how many he exactly murdered. | |||
| 03 | "Murderous Women" | July 27, 2006 | |
| Over 90% of murders are committed by men. But what motivates the women who are driven to kill? Jean Harris convicted of the murder of her ex-lover, Herman Tarnower. Marybeth Tinning was convicted for killing her ninth child who was only 4-months old at the time, and she even admitted to kill her previous eight children as well. Gwendolyn Graham and Cathy Wood were both nurses that worked together in killing 5 elderly patients. Aileen Wuornos was a serial killer who killed 7 men by shooting them.Theresa Knorr kills two of her six children. | |||
| 04 | "Partners in Crime" | August 10, 2006 | |
| Dr. Stone studies people who worked together in mostly murder cases. Paul Bernardo and Karla Homolka killed 3 people in Ontario, while they were married. Ian Brady and Myra Hindley committed one of Britain's notorious and horrific murder cases, the Moors murders. David Parker Ray lured women into his "Toy box" where he both torture and murder alongside with his his fiancée Cindy Hendy. Despite this he was never tried for a murder. Leonard Lake and Charles Ng worked together into kidnapping, raping, torturing, and murdering 11-25 women at Lake's cabin. | |||
| 05 | "Psychotic Killers" | August 17, 2006 | |
| Dr. Stone studies three killers with recorded psychotic symptoms. In each case, they claim they are unaware of what's real or imagined. To understand their atrocities, he will examine the real science of psychosis. Ed Gein kills two women, and was official to be wearing his deceased mother's clothing. Arthur Shawcross was sentenced for killing two children. Only to be released and kill 11 woman. Shawcross has claimed to have had an abusive childhood which led to a possibility of psychosis' issues such as hallucinations. Gary Heidnik kills two women and had four others kept as prisoners in his basement. Despite his high IQ, he is been reported to have mental difficulties as he was brain-damaged at a young age by a father who was abusive and soon started to show signs of psychosis such as being anti-social and delusional. | |||
| 06 | "Deadly Desires" | August 24, 2006 | |
| Dr. Stone e explores three so-called "Lust killers" to find out how their desires form and what drives them to carry out their Deadly fantasies. Jerry Brudos killed at least four women and had sex with their corpses, and is reported to have a lust for their clothing as-well. Jeffrey Dahmer druged and then killed 17 men then raped their corpses, and would save some of them later for a meal. Westley Allan Dodd molested children for years ever since he was a teenager, but eventually in his sexual desires turned into something more brutal. He killed three boys before his capture. | |||
| 07 | "Science of Murder" | August 31, 2006 | |
| Dr. Stones studies killers who are great subjects behind the science found in the Criminal Activity, including Charles Whitman, an ex-marine who killed both his wife and mother, and then went to the University of Texas where he shot and killed 16 more people from the top of the campus' highest tower before being gunned down, Whitman was reported to have a brain tumor which might have been the motive behind his violent actions. | |||
| 08 | "Up Close" | September 7, 2006 | |
| Dr. Stone goes through the concept of "Up Close" which means interviewing a suspect or perpetrator of a murder, and getting into their side of the crime, by interviewing three already studied criminals: Tommy Lynn Sells, Cindy Hendy, and Nataniel Bar-Jonah. | |||
Season 2 (2007–2007)[]
| No. in season | Title | Original air date [2] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | "Jealousy" | August 12, 2007 | |
| What happens when a jealous lover turns into an enraged killer? Dr. Stone studies killers that were motivated by jealousy. Samuel Collins killed his wife after discovering she was cheating throughout their years of marriage. Clara Harris kills her rich husband David, after discovering he was having an affair with someone else. Andrew Cunanan was jealous over two people, his best friend Jeffrey Trail for stealing his former boyfriend, and famous fashion designer Gianni Versace for having everything that Cunanan did not. He travelled across the country from Minneapolis to Miami Beach while comminting a terrifying killig spree. | |||
| 02 | "Stalker" | August 19, 2007 | |
| What can explain this relentless drive, and what triggers violence in the mind of a stalker? Dr. Stone is explores four cases of notorious stalkers. Richard Farley was fired from his company for sexually harassing a female employee. He would eventually return to the workplace killing 7 workers and injuring another four. Robert John Bardo shot and killed actress Rebecca Schaeffer at her California apartment. He been stalking her since the first time he saw her in a film, and is fascinated with her. Mark David Chapman shot and killed musician John Lennon at his apartment. Chapman used to be a fan of Lennon and the Beatles until his infamous "We're more popular than Jesus!" quote made Chapman turn against Lennon based on his religious background. wanted to marry a woman he met at a bar. When she rejected him, he believed this decision was influenced by her colleagues at a jewelry store, which he eventually shot-up, killing the manager and wounding three other people. | |||
| 03 | "Delusional" | August 26, 2007 | |
| Dr. Stone studies killers with delusional minds. Herbert Mullin killed 13 people, because of delusional thoughts of earthquakes, which in reality were only headaches due to his constant drug abuse. used to be a lovely wife and mother, until her mindset shifted as she believed she is was being persecuted by Nazis. Despite being diagnosed as a schizophrenic, she stopped taking her pills and her family eventually abandoned her by sending her off to a new home. When she believed her new roommate is secretly poisoning her, she snapped and killed him. Eric Beishline had a life filled with drug abuse. He was diagnosed as a psychopath beforehand, and as his cocaine intake became worse as he believed he was being followed. One day he broke into home of an elderly woman, subdued her with a chloroform soap rag, suffocated her and robbed her house. Investigators stated he had been robbing other people as well, and was suspected for two other killings. | |||
| 04 | "Unsolved Cases" | September 2, 2007 | |
| Dr. Stone studies murder cases that for the most part are unsolved. The Lipstick killer was active in the Chicago area, leaving a notorious message in lipstick on one of the victims. William Heirens confessed the three murders, but was he forced to do that? The "Black Dahlia" is one of the most notorious unsolved case in American history. However, physician George Hodel was suspected. was found dead in his pickup truck, and it appears to not have been a robbery. His face was spray-printed blue, which left no DNA evidence. A witness said to have seen more than one car driving around McVay's truck, leaving the possibility that there were more than 1 person involved in his murder. | |||
| 05 | "Cult Followers" | September 9, 2007 | |
| Dr. Stone unearths the psychology of persuasion to learn why cult members can become active participants in evil. Jeffrey Lundgren was a member of the Community of Christ church and eventually started a cult alongside a close friend, Ron Luff, following the beliefs that were said in the church. But, instead of turning his fellow members into faithful followers of God, he turned them into murderers. Charles Manson started what is still known as California's worst killing spree, with his so-called "Family", and among these is an individual who is sitting on Death Row, "Charles "Tex" Watson. Jim Jones invited many who were part of his cult known as the "Peoples Temple" to Guyana, where they all drank Flavor-aid which contained poison, and a total of 918 died. This, according to Jones, was a form of sacrifice for God. | |||
| 06 | "Spree Killers" | September 16, 2007 | |
| Dr. Stone reveals the psychology behind spree killers. Martin Bryant was responsible for multiple shooting sites in Australia, killing 35 people in Tasmania. He failed and was soon captured instead. Charles Starkweather, along with his underage girlfriend Caril Ann Fugate, went-out a killing spree in Nebraska for fun. shot and killed one person and injured three others in Riverhead, New York in a four-day spree. Seung-Hui Cho shot and killed 32 people at the Virginia Tech campus and eventually committed suicide. | |||
| 07 | "Attention Seekers" | September 23, 2007 | |
| Dr. Stone profiles murderers whose need for glory and control led them to incredible evil. David Berkowitz terrorized New York City in the 70s as the "Son of Sam", killing 6 people before capture. During this same time period, the "Zodiac Killer" terrorized Northern California by killing five people and confessing to have murdered several more, sending encrypted letters to the police, which still haven't been decoded yet. His identity is still unknown, making his case to be one of the most notorious unsolved crimes in the state of California. Terry Driver attacked two teenage Canadian girls and killed one of them. He left both taunting letters and phone calls to the police, for which he was eventually being labeled the "Abbotsford Killer". Keith Jesperson travelled across the country, becoming known as the "Smiley Face Killer" as he enjoyed playing games with the FBI. | |||
| 08 | "Masterminds" | September 30, 2007 | |
| What lies at the intersection of evil and intelligence? Dr. Stone studies killers that are considered highly intelligent compared to others. Edmund Kemper had his first taste of murder at a young age, by killing his grandparents and was soon sent to a mental institute. While serving there he passed several IQ-related tests and became quite good friends with his psychologist ato be released early due to good behavior. But a decade after hemurdered seven women and soon his own mother. During this period, he befriended police before going on his killing spree so he wouldn't be a reasonable suspect. H.H. Holmes was not just a serial killer but also a con artist, and his killing spree made him to be the first American serial killer. Ted Kaczynski was a highly intelligent man, however suffered severe delusional issues which made him to believe that technology was harmful to mankind,. He decided to send letterbombs to Universities that worked on the development of computers and ended-up killing three people, injuring dozens and taking the name "Unabomber". While he was committing these acts of terrorism, he lived in a cabin out in the country, leaving fake addresses. | |||
| 09 | "Revenge" | October 7, 2007 | |
| Dr. Stone probes the science of revenge to profile revenge killers, looking for clues that might shed light on their motives. Coy Wayne Wesbrook discovered his ex-wife with a boyfriend at a party. Being enraged at the sight, he decided to shoot-up the place killing her and a handful of others. was upset over the death of his infant son, so he decided to even it up by threatening to kill seven people. | |||
| 10 | "Cult Leaders" | October 14, 2007 | |
| Dr. Stone analyzes some of the 20th century's most deadly cult leaders. Shoko Asahara believes in the Apocalypse and wants to prove its existence, by setting-up a cult that was responsible for a few terrorist attacks, one of which was the notorious "Tokyo subway sarin attack" in 1995. Adolfo Constanzo started a cult located in the U.S. and Mexico border, the cult was set-up for both voodoo magicians and human sacrifice. | |||
Season 3 (2008–2008)[]
| No. in season | Title | Original air date [2] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | "Manson" | January 31, 2008 | |
| Retrace the investigation of Charles Manson and how he convinced young, middle-class men and women to commit unthinkable acts of violence. Charles Manson, Susan Atkins, Charles "Tex" Watson, Leslie Van Houten, Patricia Krenwinkel | |||
| 2 | "Super Delusional" | February 7, 2008 | |
| Killers' minds make irrational connections that result in horrifying acts of evil. Michael Owen Perry, Joseph Kallinger, Leonard Lake, Diana Dial, Colin Ferguson, Michael McDermott | |||
| 3 | "Schemers" | February 14, 2008 | |
| See how scheming killers, Liars and con artists use their intelligence to get away with murder; while deceiving their families, friends and the public. Diane Downs, Michael Swango, Randy Kraft, John Edward Robinson, Martha Ann Johnson | |||
| 4 | "Vampires/Cannibals" | February 21, 2008 | |
| Driven by desires and delusions, these criminals not only kill they also consume flesh and drink blood. Armin Meiwes, Andrei Chikatilo, Richard Chase, Rod Ferrell, Jeffrey Dahmer | |||
| 5 | "Murderous Women" | February 28, 2008 | |
| Do women kill less than men, or does the stereotype of being the gentler sex enable them to get away with more heinous crimes? Dorothea Puente, Judith Neelley, Betty Broderick, Latasha Pulliam | |||
| 6 | "Redemption" | March 6, 2008 | |
| Dr. Stone explores the possibility for killers to reform and change their lives. Billy Wayne Sinclair, Karla Faye Tucker, Archie McCafferty, Daniel Nieto | |||
| 7 | "Gangs" | March 13, 2008 | |
| Gangs lure members with promises of respect, money and power. From armed robbery to murder, they are responsible for some of the most brutal crimes. Richard Kuklinski, Philadelphia Poison Ring, Ismael Cisneros, Joseph Salcedo, Ervil LeBaron | |||
| 8 | "The Killer's Brain" | March 20, 2008 | |
| What makes a murderer? Can malfunctions in the brain compel someone to extreme cruelty? Are killers born or are they made? Samuel Collins, Clara L. Harris, Diane Downs, David Berkowitz, Richard Chase, Edmund Kemper, Susan Atkins, Charles "Tex" Watson, Leslie Van Houten, Patricia Krenwinkel | |||
| 9 | "Face to Face" | March 27, 2008 | |
| Dr. Michael Stone uses face to face one-on-one interviews to gain insight into the motives, methods and minds of murderers. Coy Wayne Wesbrook, Ron Luff, Diana Dial, Daniel Nieto | |||
| 10 | "Tracking Killers" | April 7, 2008 | |
| Dr. Michael Stone examines the process involved in identifying and capturing vicious killers. Andrew Cunanan, Keith Jesperson, Black Dahlia Murderer | |||
Series return[]
On December 7, 2014, Investigation Discovery began airing new episodes with a new host, Dr. Kris Mohandie.
Season 4 (2014)[]
| No. in season | Title | Original air date [2] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | "Manipulators" | December 7, 2014 | |
| Three master manipulators. Each committed acts of unspeakable evil. Glenn Helzer orchestrated brutal murders in the name of God. Sylvia White killed anyone she felt was in her way, including her four-year old stepson. Elmer Wayne Henley and Dean Corll lured young mans to their death. | |||
| 02 | "Control Killers" | December 14, 2014 | |
| Control freaks seek to gain power through murder. When Ronald Gene Simmons lost his command over his family he snapped, and went on a rampage. To show how well he handled emergency situations, Richard Angelo would poison his patients, killing many of them. was a domineering father, and cold-blooded triple murderer. | |||
| 03 | "Rage Killers" | December 21, 2014 | |
| Anything can set off a rage killer. Gerald Stano craved the company of women but lashed out when he felt he was being mocked. When Robert Lopez found a girlfriend, he flipped a switch between obsessive love and blind rage. Benjamin Atkins strangled women whose reminded his mother. | |||
| 04 | "Stone Cold Killers" | December 28, 2014 | |
| Stone cold killers attack without a moment's hesitation. Maksim Gelman stabbed random strangers throughout New York City. Henry Lee Lucas was a barbaric necrophiliac who claims to have killed hundreds. Joseph Paul Franklin belived his racist murders served a higher purpouse. | |||
| 05 | "Sexual Deviants" | January 4, 2015 | |
| Sexual deviants are aroused by the act of murder. Gerard John Schaefer was a trusted policeman who bound, raped and murdered his victims. was a serial rapist who went after his neighbors. Wayne Adam Ford kept his victims body parts as trophies. | |||
| 06 | "Fantasy Killers" | January 11, 2015 | |
| Fantasy killers imagine every aspect of their crime in detail. Daniel Conahan lured men into the woods to torture them. killed as part of a satanic ritual. Harvey Miguel Robinson stalked women, then raped and strangled them in their homes. | |||
| 07 | "Deceptive Killers" | January 16, 2015 | |
| Deceptive killers walk among us wearing a mask of innocence. tricked everyone that she's pregnant. To cover up her lies, she killed an expectant mother, and stole her unborn baby. was convicted of murdering two of his wives. Everyone thought that Kendall Francois was a gentle giant... until police found the eight bodies he'd hidden. | |||
| 08 | "Egocentric Killers" | January 23, 2015 | |
| Ego Maniac killers think only of themselves, and thus commit egregious crimes without remorse. Robert Ben Rhoades raped and tortured hitchhikers in a specially designed chamber in the back of his cab. After his girlfriend get restraining order against him, went on a cross-country killing spree claiming six lives. David Dowler poisoned his friends when he didn't get their attention. | |||
| 09 | "Attention Seekers" | January 30, 2015 | |
| The attention-seeking killer commits crimes for the spotlight it incurs. George Russell posed his victims in elaborate positions to being noticed. Eddie Seda jumped on the coattails of the famed Zodiac killer. claimed to have killed 27 men, but only one was ever confirmed. | |||
| 10 | "Predators" | February 26, 2015 | |
| In the wild, a predator instinctively knows: eat or be eaten. For predator killers, murder is just as natural. was the real-life boogeyman. Jack Owen Spillman proved his bestiality by drinking his victim's blood. ambushed a sleeping family with an AK-47. | |||
Scale and criminals[]
Stone researched hundreds of killers and their methods and motives to develop his hierarchy of "evil".[3] The scale ranges from Category 1, those who kill in self-defense, to the Category 22, serial torturer-murderers. Dr. Stone described the categories of the scale in his book The Anatomy of Evil, published in 2009.[4] In a follow-up book, The New Evil: Understanding the Emergence of Modern Violent Crime, published in 2019, he and co-author Dr. Gary Brucato, a clinical psychologist and researcher, break down the individual categories of the scale in detail.[5]
Neurologists, psychologists, and other forensic psychiatrists are interviewed on the show in an attempt to examine and profile the minds of notorious killers. Partial re-enactments are shown along with news footage, evidence, and reports from locals. Neurological, environmental, and genetic factors are examined to help determine what drives a person to kill. Background history and pre-meditation are considered when placing an individual on the scale of evil. The show indirectly deals with the concepts of morality and ethics.
Only criminals profiled on the show to be included below
| Category | Criteria | People |
|---|---|---|
| 01 | Those who have killed in self-defense, and who do not show murderous tendencies. | |
| 02 | Jealous lovers who committed murder as a result of humiliation; though egocentric or immature, they are not psychopaths. | Samuel Collins, Jean Harris |
| 03 | Willing companions of killers: submissive personality, impulse-ridden, with some antisocial traits. | Leslie Van Houten |
| 04 | Those who have killed in self-defense, but started the violence first. | |
| 05 | Persons who killed as a desperate measure, but who show remorse for their crime and lack significant psychopathic traits. | Martha Ann Johnson, Elmer Wayne Henley |
| 06 | Individuals who killed out of aggression or with little to no foresight, yet without marked psychopathic traits. | Robert John Bardo, Billy Wayne Sinclair, Coy Wayne Wesbrook, Daniel Nieto, Doyle Kelley |
| 07 | Highly narcissistic or psychotic persons who kill out of jealousy or hatred. | Marybeth Tinning, Mark David Chapman, Armin Meiwes, Diana Dial, David Dowler, Clara Harris, Michael Owen Perry |
| 08 | Non-psychopathic persons prone to wrath, and who kill when this anger is unleashed. | Charles Whitman |
| 09 | Jealous lovers with marked psychopathic features who may possess previous violent or extravagant tendencies. | Betty Broderick, Ron Luff, Robert Lopez |
| 10 | Killers of people perceived as an obstacle, such as witnesses. Extremely egocentric, but not distinctly psychopathic. | Rod Ferrell, Susan Smith, |
| 11 | Psychopathic killers of people perceived as an obstacle, such as close friends or even family members. | Ismael Cisneros |
| 12 | Power-hungry psychopaths who kill in order to keep their power intact. | Ervil LeBaron, Angela Sanford |
| 13 | Psychopathic murderers motivated by a sense of inadequacy or uncontrolled rage, being one of them or both the reason of their killings. | Ed Gein, Herbert Mullin, Martin Bryant, Karla Faye Tucker, Latasha Pulliam, Richard Angelo, Maksim Gelman, Yusef Rahman |
| 14 | Ruthless and machiavellian psychopaths who kill to benefit themselves and won't hesitate on conning, stealing or kill anybody to get whatever they desire. | John List, Richard Farley, Diane Downs, Sylvia White, Herman and Paul Petrillo |
| 15 | Psychopathic cold-blooded spree killers or multiple murderers. | Andrew Cunanan, Charles Manson, Charles Starkweather, Susan Atkins, Charles "Tex" Watson, Patricia Krenwinkel, Colin Ferguson, Michael McDermott, Dorothea Puente, , Billy Wayne Coble, Benjamin Atkins, Paul Devoe, Jones' accomplices |
| 16 | Psychopaths committing multiple vicious acts, that may include rape, mutilation and murder. | Gwendolyn Graham and Cathy Wood, Karla Homolka, Myra Hindley, Terry Driver, Theodore Kaczynski, Shoko Asahara, Michael Swango, Joseph Paul Franklin, Richard Hooten, Kendall Francois, Heriberto Seda, Levi King, Gerald Atkins, Eric Beishline, James McVey killers |
| 17 | Sexually depraved serial murderers: Rape is the primary motive, there is no marked interest in systematic torture and the victim is killed to hide evidence. | Ted Bundy, Arthur Shawcross, David Berkowitz, Richard Chase, Aileen Wuornos, Wayne Adam Ford, Henry Lee Lucas, Gerald Stano, George Russell |
| 18 | Psychopaths who torture in the process, but seek to murder rather than brutally torture to death and prolong the victim's suffering. | Nathan Bar-Jonah, Gary Ridgway, Jerome Brudos, Keith Jesperson, Harvey Miguel Robinson, Terry Caylor, Glenn Helzer, Lipstick killer |
| 19 | Psychopaths driven to torment (both physical or psychological), if murdered, the victim is previously subjected to a brutal torture that was not prolonged. | |
| 20 | Psychotic torture-murderers who subject at least one of their victims to a fairly brutal prolonged torture. | Joseph Kallinger |
| 21 | Psychopaths who do not kill their victims, but do subject them to extreme torture. | |
| 22 | Psychopathic torture-murderers, where both sexual and non-sexual sadism are the primary motive. | Tommy Lynn Sells, John Wayne Gacy, Dennis Rader, Theresa Knorr, Charles Ng, Leonard Lake, Paul Bernardo, Ian Brady, Gary Heidnik, David Parker Ray, Westley Allan Dodd, George Hodel, Jeffrey Lundgren, Edmund Kemper, H. H. Holmes, Adolfo Constanzo, John Edward Robinson, Andrei Chikatilo, Jeffrey Dahmer, Gerard John Schaefer, Judith Neelley, Richard Kuklinski, Daniel Conahan, Dean Corll, Ronald Gene Simmons, Jack Owen Spillman, David Elliot Penton, Robert Ben Rhoades, Jim Jones |
External links[]
- Dr. Stone featured on Real Law Radio with Bob DiCello Real Law Radio is a legal news talk radio program.
- Personality Disorders Institute
- Most Evil at IMDb
- Review by Ellen Dendy
References[]
- ^ INVESTIGATION DISCOVERY REVEALS WHO IS MOST EVIL WITH LEADING FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGIST DR. KRIS MOHANDIE -- ON SUNDAY, DECEMBER 7
- ^ a b c d "Most Evil : Episode Guide : Investigation Discovery". Investigation.Discovery.com. Retrieved 2008-02-17.
- ^ Liptak, Adam (2007-04-02). "Adding Method to Judging Mayhem". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2018-10-27. Retrieved 2018-10-27.
Dr. Stone, a professor of clinical psychiatry at Columbia, said he had put the scale together based on the biographies of hundreds of killers.
- ^ Michael H. Stone. The Anatomy of Evil (Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books, 2009).
- ^ Michael H. Stone & Gary Brucato. The New Evil: Understanding the Emergence of Modern Violent Crime (Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books, 2019).
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