Mouha ou Hammou Zayani
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Mouha ou Hammou Zayani | |
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Born | 1857 Middle Atlas, Morocco | or 1863
Died | March 27, 1921 | (aged 63–64) or (57–58)
Resting place | Ben Cherro near Tamalakt |
Office | Qaid of the Zayanes |
Predecessor | Moha Ou Aqqa |
Military career | |
Battles/wars | Battle of El Herri |
Mouha Ou Hammou Zayani, also known as Moha Ou Hamou al-Harkati Zayani (c.1863 – 27 March 1921) was a Moroccan Berber military figure and tribal leader who played an important role in the history of Morocco. He was the leader (Qaid) of the Zayanes people of Khénifra region. His full name was Muhammad Ou Hammou ben Aqqa ben Ahmad, and he is also known as Moha Ou Hamou al-Harkati Zayani. He was the son of Moha Ou Aqqa, the tribal leader of Ayt Harkat.[1]
Biography[]
Mouha was born in 1857[2] in the Middle Atlas. His father Moha ou Aqqa was the tribal leader of Ayt Harkat. After the death of Ou Aqqa, his oldest son, Said, succeeded him and extended his dominance over his tribe and the Zayane confederation. Mouha succeeded his brother after his death, in 1887.[3] The Sultan Moulay Hassan I gave Mouha the title of Qaid in 1880[3] or 1886.[2] After the Treaty of Fes (1912), which put Morocco under the French Protectorate, Zayani, at the head of the Zayanes tribe, started a guerrilla war, known as the Zaian War. He managed to unite several Berber tribes of the Middle Atlas and fought smaller battles. The town of Khénifra was lost to the advancing French forces in June 1914, but in November of the same year, the Battle of El Herri took place and Zayani inflicted heavy losses (around 600 casualties) upon the French military. The battle was later dubbed the 'Moroccan Dien Bien Phu' in reference to the decisive battle in the French Indochina War. Despite the victory, Zayani could not secure Khénifra and retired in to the region of Taoujgalt, where he recruited more men and prepared for further attacks against the French army. In May 1920, his sons Hassan and Amharoq who then led the Zayan tribe, surrendered to General Poeymirau.[4]
Death[]
On 27 March 1921, Mouha was killed in a battle at Azelag N'Tazemourte against his son Hassan, who led a zayyani detachment.[5]
Burial[]
He was buried at Ben Cherro near Tamalakt.[6]
References[]
- ^ Zayani, Mouha. "Mouha ou Hammou". Oxford reference.
- ^ a b Gershovich, Moshe (2012). French Military Rule in Morocco: Colonialism and its Consequences. Routledge. p. 101. ISBN 978-1-136-32587-8.
- ^ a b Boum, Aomar (2012). Akyeampong, Emmanuel K.; Gates Jr., Henry Louis (eds.). Dictionary of African Biography. OUP USA. p. 231. ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5.
- ^ Bidwell, Robin (1973). Morocco Under Colonial Rule: French Administration Of Tribal Areas 1912–1956. p. 40. ISBN 9780714628776.
- ^ Gershovich, Moshe (2012). French Military Rule in Morocco: Colonialism and its Consequences. Routledge. p. 115. ISBN 978-1-136-32587-8.
- ^ Boum, Aomar (2012). Akyeampong, Emmanuel K.; Gates Jr., Henry Louis (eds.). Dictionary of African Biography. OUP USA. p. 232. ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5.
External links[]
- 1857 births
- 1921 deaths
- 19th-century Moroccan people
- 20th-century Moroccan people
- Berber Moroccans
- Berber rebels
- Moroccan Caids
- Moroccan military leaders
- Moroccan independence activists
- People from Khenifra