Hassan I of Morocco

Hassan ben Mohammed الحسن بن محمد
Sultan of Morocco (more..)
Reign	1873–1894
Predecessor	Muhammad IV
Successor	Abd al-Aziz
Born	1836 Fes, Morocco
Died	9 June 1894 Marrakesh, Morocco[1]
Burial	Mausoleum of Sidi Muhammad ben Abdallah, Rabat, Morocco
Issue	27 children, including:[2] Abd al-Hafid of Morocco Abd al-Aziz of Morocco Yusef of Morocco
House	Alaouite
Father	Muhammad IV
Religion	Sunni Islam

Hassan ben Mohammed (Arabic: الحسن بن محمد‎), known as Hassan I (Arabic: الحسن الأول‎), born in Fes on 1836 and died in Marrakesh on 1894 was the Alaouite sultan of Morocco from 1873 to 1894.^[3] He was the son of Muhammad IV ben Abd al-Rahman.^[4]

Biography[]

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He was a member of the Alaouite dynasty. Moulay Hassan was among the most successful sultans. He increased the power of the makhzen in Morocco and at a time when so much of the rest of Africa was falling under foreign control, he brought in military and administrative reforms to strengthen the regime within its own territory, and he carried out an active military and diplomatic program on the periphery.

Son of the sultan Muhammad IV, Moulay Hassan was proclaimed sultan of Morocco on the death of his father in 1873. His first action was to crush an urban revolt in the capital Fes.^[5][6] The new sultan was committed to continue the modernization and reform policy of his father

An important event during his reign was the signing of the Treaty of Madrid in 1880. This treaty effectively gave international approval and protection for lands which had been captured by foreign powers. This set the stage for the French Protectorate in Morocco beginning in 1912. He managed to maintain the independence of Morocco while neighbouring states fell under European influence, such as Tunis which was conquered by France and Egypt which was occupied by Britain.

Particularly well known is the journey Hassan I undertook in 1893. He went from Fes (leaving on 29 June) to Marrakech, passing through the Tafilalt, the sand dunes of Erg Chebbi, the valley of the Dades with the majestic gorges of the Todra, Ouarzazate, the Kasbah of Aït Benhaddou, the high passage along Telouet, the Tichka pass (2260 m) in the high Atlas, Guelmim port of the Western Sahara. The voyage took six months and succeeded in its objective of reuniting and pacifying the tribes of several regions. The Krupp cannon he gave on this occasion to the caid of Telouet (member of the now famous Glaoua family) is still on display in the center of Ouarzazate. In 1881 he founded Tiznit.

Hassan I appointed Mouha ou Hammou Zayani as Caïd of the Zayanes in Khenifra in 1877. Mouha ou Hammou Zayani was to be an important figure in the 20th century colonial war against France. In 1887 he appointed sheikh Ma al-'Aynayn as his caid in Western Sahara. Ma al-'Aynayn too played an important role in the struggle for independence of Morocco.^[7]

Moulay Hassan I died 9 June 1894 in Marrakesh, and is buried in Rabat.^[8][9]

Appearance and personality[]

Moulay Hassan was tall, bronzed in complexion, and had a black beard.^[10] He was also a skilled horseman.^[11] His favourite hobby was using the artillery. When visiting him, most of his time was spent examining artillery, pistols and rifles.^[12]

Image gallery[]

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  Hassan I in Meknes

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  Death of Hassan I

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  The  [it; fr]—the first automobile sold by Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft, which would later become Mercedes-Benz—was purchased by Sultan Hassan I of Morocco in 1892.^[13]

Honours[]

• Grand Cross of the Order of the Tower and Sword (GCTE) – 1882

See also[]

• List of Sultans of Morocco
• History of Morocco
• Hassan I Dam
• Hassan I Airport

References[]

• Morocco Alaoui dynasty
• History of Morocco
• [1]

External links[]

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