Muhammad Khan Sur

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Shamsuddin Muhammad Shah
as-Sulṭān Shams ad-Dunyā wa ad-Dīn Abu al-Muẓaffar Muḥammad Shāh Ghāzī[1]
Governor of Bengal
Reign1545-1553
PredecessorQazi Fazilat
Successor
Sultan of Bengal
Reign1553-1555
Coronation1553
SuccessorGhiyasuddin Bahadur Shah II
BornMuḥammad Khān Sūr
DiedDecember 1555
Chapar Ghata, Sur Empire
Burial1555
IssueKhidr and Jalal
House
ReligionSunni Islam
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Muhammad Khan Sur (Bengali: মোহাম্মদ খাঁন সূর, Persian: محمد خان سور), also known by his regnal title Shamsuddin Muhammad Shah (Bengali: শামসুদ্দীন মোহাম্মদ শাহ, Persian: شمس الدين محمد شاه), was the Sultan of Bengal from 1553 to 1555. He was initially appointed as a governor of Bengal by Emperor Islam Shah Suri of the Sur Empire in 1545,[2] but after his death, Khan declared independence from Delhi.

Governor of Bengal[]

Qazi Fazilat's term as Chief of all of the Muqtas of Bengal ended following the death of Emperor Sher Shah Suri in 1545. The next emperor, Islam Shah Suri, then appointed Muhammad Khan to govern Bengal. Muhammad peacefully governed Bengal, subordinate to the emperor. However, following Islam Shah's death in 1553, Muhammad declared independence from Delhi, effectively reestablishing the weakening Bengal Sultanate by starting his own dynasty.

Sultan of Bengal[]

During his reign, Muhammad Shah conquered Arakan where he began minting coins from.[3] His issued coins bore the Shahada and the names of the four Rashidun; Abu Bakr, Omar, Uthman and Ali. This signified his Sunni Muslim religious beliefs. Unlike the Sur emperors, Muhammad Shah dropped the use of Devanagari script in coins.[1] He also reconquered Chittagong from the Twipra Kingdom, and his legitimate authority was recognised as far as Bihar.[4]

Vying for power in North India, Muhammad Shah conquered Jaunpur and proceeded for Delhi, the capital of the Sur Empire. In 1555, he fought a battle in Chapar Ghata against Islam Shah's successor, Adil Shah.[2] In that battle Muhammad Shah was defeated and killed by Adil's Hindu general, Hemu.[2]

Succession[]

Muhammad Shah's eldest son, Khidr, ascended the independent throne of Bengal as Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah II. However, Adil Shah did not recognise this as a legitimate position and he appointed to be the governor of Bengal under him.[2]

Preceded by Governor of Bengal
1545-1555 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Muhammad Adil Shah
as Sultan of Delhi
 Sultan of Bengal
1554-1555 		Succeeded by

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ a b Karim, Muhammad Rezaul (2012). "Coins". In Islam, Sirajul; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d KingListsFarEast
  3. ^ http://www.barmazid.com/2016/12/arakan-burma-under-afghan-rule.html
  4. ^ Ibrahim, Muhammad (2012). "Rule of Afghans". In Islam, Sirajul; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
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