Muhammad al-Rudani

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Mohammad al-Rudani
Bornc. 1627
Taroudant
DiedOctober 31, 1683(1683-10-31) (aged 55–56)
Damascus
Scientific career
Fields
  • Astronomy
  • Poetry
  • Mathematics
  • Hadith
  • Tafsir
  • Grammar

Muhammad al-Rudani (full name: Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Sulayman (Muhammad) al-Fasi ibn Tahir al-Rudani al-Susi al-Maliki al-Maghribi) (c. 1627 – 1683) was a Moroccan polymath: astronomer, grammarian, jurist, logician, mathematician and poet.

Biography[]

Al-Rudani was born in c. 1627 in Taroudant. He was of Shilha origin.[1] After studying in his hometown at the and its Madrasa, he continued his studies in the Zaouia Nasiriyya under Mohammed ibn Nasir for four years, the Zaouia of Dila, in Marrakesh and in Fez.[2] His teachers in Morocco were: the theologian Isa al-Sugtani (d.1651), the chronologist Muhammad ibn Said al-Marghiti (d. 1679), and the grammarian Muhammad al-Murabit al-Dilai' (d. 1678).[3] Afterwards, he left to study in the Islamic east. Thus, in the early 1650s, he stayed in Algiers, where he studied under the logician Said ibn Ibrahim Qaddura.[3] In Egypt and the Levant, he studied under Ali al-Ajhuri, Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji, Shihab al-Din al-Qaliyubi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Shubri, al-Shaikh Sultan, Khayr al-Din al-Ramli, Muhammad al-Naqib ibn Hamza al-Hasani and Ibn Balban. He got an ijazah from all of these scholars.[4] He spent most of his life in Ottoman territories. He is especially well known for the invention of a spherical device into which another sphere (painted blue) with a different axis was placed. This second sphere was divided into two parts in which the zodiacal signs with their sections and regions were drawn.

He died in Damascus on October 31, 1683.[5]

A spherical astrolabe invented by Al-Rudani c. 1480, in exhibition at the Museum of the History of Science, Oxford

Works[]

Some of his works are:[6]

  • Silat al-khalaf bi-mawsūl al-salaf, an extensive record of the various chains of certifications he had received
  • Bahjat al-tullāb fı̄ l-'amal bil-asturlāb, a treatise on the astrolabe
  • Maqāsid al-'awālı̄ bi-qalā'id al-la'ālı̄, a didactic poem on ilm al-mı̄qāt (chronology) with a prose commentary
  • al-Nāfi'a 'alā l-āla al-jāmi'a completed in 1661, a treatise describing the spherical astrolabe that he had constructed.
  • Jam' al-fawā'id min Jāmi' al-usūl wa Majma' al-zawā'id, a compilation of hadith

References[]

  1. ^ Berque 1955, p. 296.
  2. ^ Hajji 2001, p. 4466.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b El-Rouayheb 2015, p. 161.
  4. ^ Hajji 2001, p. 4467.
  5. ^ Hajji 2001, p. 4468.
  6. ^ El-Rouayheb 2015, pp. 166-168.

Sources[]

  • Ayduz, Salim (2007). "Rudānī: Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad ibn Sulaymān (Muḥammad) al‐Fāsī ibn Ṭāhir al‐Rudānī al‐Sūsī al‐Mālikī [al‐Maghribī]". In Thomas Hockey; et al. (eds.). The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. New York: Springer. p. 990. ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0.
  • Berque, Jacques (1955). "La littérature marocaine et l'Orient au XVIIe siècle". Arabica. 2 (3): 295–312. doi:10.1163/157005855X00031. ISSN 0570-5398. JSTOR 4054895 – via JSTOR.
  • Hajji, Mohamed (2001). "al-Rudani, Muhammad ibn Sulayman". In Toufiq, Ahmed; Hajji, Mohamed (eds.). Ma'lamat al-Maghrib (Encyclopedia of Morocco) (in Arabic). Vol. 13. al-Jamī‘a al-Maghribiyya li-l-Ta’līf wa-l-Tarjama wa-l-Nashr. |volume= has extra text (help)
  • El-Rouayheb, Khaled (2015). Islamic Intellectual History in the Seventeenth Century. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-04296-4.


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