2022 Nepalese general election
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All 275 seats in the House of Representatives 138 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() A map of Nepal parliamentary constituencies | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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General elections are expected to be held in Nepal in November 2022 unless the House of Representatives is dissolved earlier. The discussion is underway due to interest of leading Nepali Congress while the opposition, CPN (UML) is already demanding for fresh mandate.[1]
Dissolution and reinstatement[]
Although the House was dissolved on 20 December 2020 by President Bidya Devi Bhandari on the recommendation of the Council of Ministers,[2] with elections scheduled for 30 April and 10 May 2021,[3] the legitimacy of the dissolution was challenged in the Supreme Court.[4] On 23 February 2021, the court reinstated the House of Representatives,[5] but it was dissolved again on 22 May 2021 by the president on the recommendation of the cabinet, with elections scheduled for 12 and 19 November, stating no one had adequate claim to be appointed prime minister according to Article 76(5) of the Constitution.[6] On 12 July 2021, the Supreme Court ruled the dissolution invalid, and reinstated the House of Representatives, while also ordering the appointment of Sher Bahdur Deuba as prime minister, as per article 76(5).[7]
Background[]
The fifth House of Representatives elected in 2017 had a five year term ending in March 2023. In May 2018, the CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) and CPN (Maoist Centre) parties merged to form the Nepal Communist Party. The merger between the two coalition partners took their total strength in the House of Representatives to 174. The leaders of the two parties had an agreement to share the post of Prime Minister with the CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) chairman KP Sharma Oli handing over the post to CPN (Maoist Centre) chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal after two and a half years. On 20 November 2019, the two leaders agreed to let Oli complete his full term as prime minister.[8] In a secretariat meeting of the Nepal Communist Party on 14 November 2020, Dahal presented a political document which accused Oli not following party orders and being individualistic.[9] In response to Dahal, Oli rejected Dahal's accusations and presented his own political document which accused Dahal of not letting Oli run the government.[10] As the strife within the party continued, Oli requested President Bidhya Devi Bhandari to dissolve the House of Representatives on 20 December 2020 as a no-confidence motion was being prepared against him.[2][11][12] In protest of the decision by Oli, seven ministers of the cabinet resigned.[13][14]
The House was reinstated on 23 February 2021 but on 7 March 2021, deciding on a separate writ, the Supreme Court annulled the decision of the Election Commission to grant the name Nepal Communist Party to the party created by merger of the CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) and CPN (Maoist Centre), and positioned them to their pre merger status.[15] The CPN (Maoist Centre) withdrew its support from the government on 5 May 2021 and Oli failed to obtain a vote of confidence while a faction of his own party boycotted the vote.[16]
On 13 May 2021, Oli was appointed minority Prime Minister as the leader of the party in parliament with the highest seats.[17] Rather than retake a vote of confidence, Oli started the process of formation of government through provision of Article 76(5), which is currently being challenged in the Supreme Court. Sher Bahadur Deuba claimed signed support of 149 MPs, including 26 from the CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) and 13 from the People's Socialist Party, Nepal.[18][19] Oli claimed support of all MPs of the CPN (UML) and the People's Socialist Party, Nepal.[20] President Bhandari decided on 22 May 2021 that both claims were inadequate and announced the dissolution of House, leading to widespread opposition.[21][22][23][24] On 12 July 2021, the Supreme Court ruled the dissolution of parliament invalid, while ordering the appointment of Deuba as Prime Minister, as per article 76(5), by submitting 149 signatures to the President, which is a majority of 271 members present in the House.[7]
Electoral system[]
The 275 members of the legislature will be elected by two methods; 165 will be elected from single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting and 110 seats will be elected by closed list proportional representation from a single nationwide constituency.[25] Voters receive separate ballot papers for the two methods. A party or electoral alliance has to pass the election threshold of 3% of the overall valid vote to be allocated a seat in the proportional vote.[26]
Nepal uses the Sainte-Laguë method to allocate proportional seats. Typically, the divisors under this system include all odd numbers (1, 3, 5, 7...). But in Nepal, the first divisor is 1.4, rather than 1. This is intended to make it difficult for smaller parties to get a single seat "too cheaply" as the system benefits smaller parties at the expense of larger ones.[citation needed]
Voting is limited to Nepali citizens aged 18 or over of sound mind and not having been declared ineligible under federal election fraud and punishment laws.[27]
Parties[]
![]() | Parts of this article (those related to Split in PSP-N and CPN-UML) need to be updated.(August 2021) |
Current composition[]
Party | Ideology | 2017 result | Current seats | |||
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Votes (%) | Seats | |||||
CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) | Marxism–Leninism | 33.25 | 121 / 275
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95 / 275
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Nepali Congress | Social democracy Third Way |
32.78 | 63 / 275
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63 / 275
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CPN (Maoist Centre) | Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path | 13.66 | 53 / 275
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49 / 275
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CPN (Unified Socialist) | Marxism–Leninism | New Party | 25 / 275
| |||
People's Socialist Party, Nepal | Democratic Socialism | RJPN | 4.95 | 17 / 275
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20 / 275
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FSFN | 4.93 | 16 / 275
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Naya Shakti | 0.86 | 1 / 275
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Democratic Socialist Party | Social democracy | New party | 13 / 275
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People's Progressive Party | Social democracy | New party | 2 / 275
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Rastriya Prajatantra Party[a] | Constitutional monarchism Economic liberalism Hindu nationalism |
RPP | 2.06 | 1 / 275
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1 / 275
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RPP(D) | 0.93 | 0 / 275
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URPP(N) | 0.30 | 0 / 275
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Citizens' Liberation Party | Social democracy | New party | 1 / 275
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Rastriya Janamorcha[a] | Anti-federalism Communism Marxism–Leninism–Maoism |
0.65 | 1 / 275
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1 / 275
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Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party[a] | Juche | 0.59 | 1 / 275
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1 / 275
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Independent[b] | — | — | 1 / 275
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1 / 275
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- ^ a b c Represented as an independent politician in 2017 for not meeting the threshold.
- ^ Joined the CPN (Maoist Centre) but stayed as an independent politician.
Alliance[]
Nepali Congress+[]
No. | Party | Flag | Symbol | Leader | Photo | Seats Contested | Male Candidates | Female Candidates | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Nepali Congress | ![]() |
![]() |
Sher Bahadur Deuba | ![]() |
165 | TBD | TBD | [28] |
CPN (UML)+[]
No. | Party | Flag | Symbol | Leader | Photo | Seats Contested | Male Candidates | Female Candidates | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) | ![]() |
![]() |
KP Sharma Oli | ![]() |
165 | TBD | TBD |
Left alliance[]
No. | Party | Flag | Symbol | Leader | Photo | Seats Contested | Male Candidates | Female Candidates | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) | ![]() |
![]() |
Pushpa Kamal Dahal | ![]() |
TBD | TBD | TBD | [29][28] |
2. | Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist) | ![]() |
![]() |
Madhav Kumar Nepal | ![]() |
TBD | TBD | TBD | |
3. | People's Socialist Party, Nepal | ![]() |
![]() |
Upendra Yadav | ![]() |
TBD | TBD | TBD | |
4. | Rastriya Janamorcha | ![]() |
![]() |
Chitra Bahadur K.C. | ![]() |
TBD | TBD | TBD |
Others[]
No. | Party | Flag | Symbol | Leader | Photo | Seats Contested | Chief Candidates | Deputy chief Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal | ![]() |
![]() |
Mahantha Thakur | ![]() |
TBD | TBD | TBD |
2. | People's Progressive Party | ![]() |
![]() |
Hridayesh Tripathi | ![]() |
TBD | TBD | TBD |
3. | Rastriya Prajatantra Party | ![]() |
![]() |
Rajendra Prasad Lingden | ![]() |
TBD | TBD | TBD |
4. | Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party | ![]() |
![]() |
Brikhesh Chandra Lal | ![]() |
TBD | TBD | TBD |
5. | Bibeksheel Sajha Party | ![]() |
![]() |
Rabindra Mishra | ![]() |
TBD | TBD | TBD |
6. | Nepal Workers Peasants Party | ![]() |
![]() |
Narayan Man Bijukchhe | ![]() |
TBD | TBD | TBD |
7. | Citizens' Liberation Party | ![]() |
![]() |
Resham Lal Chaudhary | ![]() |
TBD | TBD | TBD |
8. | Janamat Party | ![]() |
![]() |
C. K. Raut | ![]() |
TBD | TBD | TBD |
References[]
- ^ "देउवाको रणनीति : स्थानीय तहभन्दा पहिले संसदको चुनाव". Online Khabar. Retrieved 2021-12-08.
- ^ a b "Oli sacrifices the constitution to save his skin". Recordnepal. Gyanu Adhikari. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
- ^ "Nepal to hold national elections between April 30 and May 10". December 20, 2020.
- ^ "संसद विघटनविरूद्धका १२ रिट प्रधानन्यायाधीश राणा आफैंले हेर्दै". Setopati. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- ^ "Nepal Supreme Court overturns Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli's House dissolution". WION. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
- ^ "प्रतिनिधिसभा भंग, कात्तिक २६ र मंसिर ३ गते मध्यावधि चुनाव सिफारिस". ekantipur.com (in Nepali). Retrieved 2021-07-20.
- ^ a b "Nepal SC orders to appoint Sher Bahadur Deuba as PM within next 28 hours". Hindustan Times. 2021-07-12. Retrieved 2021-07-12.
- ^ Subedi, Binu. "नेकपा विवाद : घुमीफिरी मंसिर ४". Ekantipur. Kailash Sirohiya. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
- ^ "At Secretariat meet, Dahal asks Oli to 'sacrifice' for saving party and republic". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
- ^ "Oli goes on the offensive as he responds to Dahal's allegations". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
- ^ "Parliament Secretariat says no-confidence motion against Oli was registered after House dissolution decision". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
- ^ Setopati, Setopati. "Preparations were on to register no confidence motion against me: PM Oli". Setopati. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
- ^ "Seven ministers, all from the Dahal-Nepal faction in ruling party, resign". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
- ^ "7 Nepali ministers resign over dissolution of parliament - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
- ^ "Supreme Court awards Nepal Communist Party to Rishiram Kattel". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
- ^ Pradhan, Tika R. "Nepal Prime Minister Oli fails trust vote in Parliament". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2021-05-11.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "केपी ओल�� प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त, शपथ शुक्रबार". Online Khabar. Retrieved 2021-05-14.
- ^ "Opposition parties meeting to chart out strategy to counter Oli's House dissolution move". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
- ^ Online, T. H. T. (2021-07-12). "Opposition alliance to form a 'small cabinet' under Deuba, Nepal steps back from partnership". The Himalayan Times. Retrieved 2021-07-12.
- ^ Online, T. H. T. (2021-05-21). "Opposition alliance to stake claim to form govt under Deuba's leadership". The Himalayan Times. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
- ^ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "Nepal's parliament dissolved, president calls for fresh elections | DW | 22.05.2021". DW.COM. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
- ^ "NC criticizes President Bhandari for scratching Constitution". Khabarhub. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
- ^ रातोपाटी. "ओलीले तानाशाही बुट बजार्दै संविधानलाई धुजाधुजा पारेका छन्ः माधव नेपाल". RatoPati (in Nepali). Retrieved 2021-05-23.
- ^ Thapa, Bikash. "देउवाको बहुमतले तर्सेपछि विद्या-केपीको ताण्डव नृत्य". ekagaj. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Article 84 Constitution of Nepal
- ^ Kafle, Narayn (5 September 2017). "संसद् र प्रदेशको निर्वाचन विधेयक पारित". Gorkhapatra. Gorkhapatra Sansthan. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
- ^ "Electoral Roll Act, 2017". section 6 & 23, Act No. 23 of 2 February 2017 (PDF) (in Nepali). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017. Archived 5 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b says, Laleek. "सत्ता गठबन्धनको चुनावी तालमेल : सबै चाहन्छ��्, तर कांग्रेस चाहँदैन". Nepal Press. Retrieved 2021-10-29.
- ^ "आउँदो चुनावमा ४ पार्टीबीच गठबन्धन हुन्छ : प्रचण्ड". Online Khabar. Retrieved 2021-10-29.
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