Nonvenereal endemic syphilis

Nonvenereal endemic syphilis
Other names	nonvenereal syphilis, endemic syphilis, bejel
Disfiguring infiltration of the nose, glabella, and forehead with clustered nodules in left interciliary region of boy with endemic syphilis, Iran, 2010.
Pronunciation	/ˈbɛdʒəl/
Specialty	Infectious disease

Bejel, or endemic syphilis, is a chronic skin and tissue disease caused by infection by the endemicum subspecies of the spirochete Treponema pallidum. Bejel is one of the "endemic trepanematoses" (endemic infections caused by spiral-shaped bacteria called treponemes), a group that also includes yaws and pinta. Typically, endemic trepanematoses begin with localized lesions on the skin or mucous membranes. Pinta is limited to affecting the skin, whereas bejel and yaws are considered to be invasive because they can also cause disease in bone and other internal tissues.^[1]

Signs and symptoms[]

Bejel usually begins in childhood as a small patch on the mucosa, often on the interior of the mouth, followed by the appearance of raised, eroding lesions on the limbs and trunk. Periostitis (inflammation) of the leg bones is commonly seen, and gummas of the nose and soft palate develop in later stages.^{[citation needed]}

Causes[]

Although the organism that causes bejel, Treponema pallidum endemicum,^[2] is morphologically and serologically indistinguishable from Treponema pallidum pallidum, which causes venereal syphilis, transmission of bejel is not venereal in nature,^[3] generally resulting from mouth-to-mouth contact or sharing of domestic utensils, and the courses of the two diseases are somewhat different.^{[citation needed]}

Diagnosis[]

The diagnosis of bejel is based on the geographic history of the patient as well as laboratory testing of material from the lesions (dark-field microscopy). The responsible spirochaete is readily identifiable on sight in a microscope as a treponema.^[4]

Treatment[]

It is treatable with penicillin or other antibiotics, resulting in a complete recovery.^{[citation needed]}

Epidemiology[]

Bejel is mainly found in arid countries of the eastern Mediterranean region and in West Africa, where it is known as sahel. (Sahel disease should be distinguished from "Sahel", the geographical band between the Northern Sahara and Southern Sudan.)^{[citation needed]}

See also[]

• Pinta (disease)
• Syphilis
• Yaws

References[]

External links[]