Treponema

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Treponema
"Treponema pallidum" spirochaetes
Treponema pallidum spirochaetes
Scientific classification e
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Spirochaetes
Order: Spirochaetales
Family: Spirochaetaceae
Genus: Treponema
Schaudinn 1905 emend. Abt, & Klenk 2013
Species[1]
Synonyms
  • "Spironema" Vuillemin 1905 non Klebs 1892 non Leger & Hesse 1922 non Rafinesque 1838 non Hochst. 1842 non Lindley 1840 non Meek 1864
  • "Microspironema" Stiles & 1905

Treponema is a genus of spiral-shaped bacteria. The major treponeme species of human pathogens is Treponema pallidum, whose subspecies are responsible for diseases such as syphilis, bejel, and yaws. Treponema carateum is the cause of pinta.[2] Treponema paraluiscuniculi is associated with syphilis in rabbits.[3] Treponema succinifaciens has been found in the gut microbiome of traditional rural human populations.[4]

Phylogeny[]

The phylogeny is based on 16S rRNA-based LTP release 123 by 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project.[5]

 
 
 

(Pohlschroeder et al. 1995) Abt, Göker & Klenk 2013

 
 

(Zuelzer 1912) Abt, Göker & Klenk 2013

 
 
 
 

T. isoptericolens Dröge et al. 2008

 
 
 

T. azotonutricium Graber et al. 2004

 
 

T. primitia Graber et al. 2004

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

(ex Veldkamp 1960) Canale-Parola 1980 emend. Abt, Göker & Klenk 2013

 
 
 

♠ Evans et al. 2006

 
 

♠ Umemoto et al. 1997

 
 
 
 

Evans et al. 2009

 
 
 

T. denticola (ex Flügge 1886) Chan et al. 1993

 
 

Wyss et al. 2004

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

T. lecithinolyticum Wyss et al. 1999

 
 

T. maltophilum Wyss et al. 1996

 
 
 
 

Schrank et al. 1999

 
 
 
 

Paster and Canale-Parola 1986

 
 
 

Nordhoff et al. 2005

 
 

Smibert and Burmeister 1983

 
 
 
 
 

T. bryantii Stanton and Canale-Parola 1980

 
 
 
 

Nordhoff et al. 2005

 
 

T. succinifaciens Cwyk and Canale-Parola 1981

 
 
 
 

Wyss et al. 2001

 
 
 

Wyss et al. 1997

 
T. socranskii
 

Smibert et al. 1984

 
 
 

Smibert et al. 1984

 
 

Smibert et al. 1984

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Taxonomy[]

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[6] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).[7]

  • ?Candidatus Molbak et al. 2006
  • ? ♠ Noguchi
  • ?Treponema carateum ♥ (pinta-causing Treponema)
  • ? ♦ Dobell 1912
  • ?Treponema pallidum ♦ (Schaudinn and Hoffmann 1905) Schaudinn 1905
    • ♠ Smibert 1984 (bejel-causing Treponema)
    • ♠ (Schaudinn and Hoffmann 1905) Schaudinn 1905 (syphilis-causing Treponema)
    • ♠ Smibert 1984 (yaws-causing Treponema)
  • ? ♠ Lumeij et al. 1994
  • ?Treponema paraluiscuniculi ♦ (Jacobsthal 1920) Smibert 1974
  • ?Treponema pertenue ♦ (Castellani 1905) Castellani & Chalmers 1910
  • ? ♠
    • ♠ (Noguchi 1912) Brumpt
    • ♠ Evans et al. 2006
  • ? ♠ (Schaudinn and Hofmann 1905) Castellani and Chalmers
  • ?Treponema vincentii ♠ Smibert 1984
  • ? ♠ Piknova et al. 2008
  • Wyss et al. 1997
  • Treponema azotonutricium Graber et al. 2004
  • Nordhoff et al. 2005
  • Schrank et al. 1999
  • Treponema bryantii Stanton and Canale-Parola 1980
  • (Pohlschroeder et al. 1995) Abt, Göker & Klenk 2013
  • Treponema denticola (ex Flügge 1886) Chan et al. 1993
  • Treponema isoptericolens Dröge et al. 2008
  • Treponema lecithinolyticum Wyss et al. 1999
  • Treponema maltophilum Wyss et al. 1996
  • ♦ Umemoto et al. 1997
    • ♠ Evans et al. 2006
    • ♠ Umemoto et al. 1997
  • Wyss et al. 2001
  • Smibert and Burmeister 1983
  • Evans et al. 2009
  • Nordhoff et al. 2005
  • Treponema primitia Graber et al. 2004
  • Wyss et al. 2004
  • Paster and Canale-Parola 1986
  • Treponema socranskii Smibert et al. 1984
    • Smibert et al. 1984
    • Smibert et al. 1984
    • Smibert et al. 1984
  • (Zuelzer 1912) Abt, Göker & Klenk 2013
  • Treponema succinifaciens Cwyk and Canale-Parola 1981
  • (ex Veldkamp 1960) Canale-Parola 1980 emend. Abt, Göker & Klenk 2013

Notes:
♦ Type strain lost or not available
♠ Strains found at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) but not listed in the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LSPN)
♥ Strains not lodged at National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) or listed in the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)

The species Treponema hyodysenteriae and Treponema innocens have been reclassified into Serpulina hyodysenteriae and Serpulina innocens.[8]

References[]

  1. ^ "Treponema". NCBI taxonomy. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  2. ^ Antal GM, Lukehart SA, Meheus AZ (January 2002). "The endemic treponematoses". Microbes Infect. 4 (1): 83–94. doi:10.1016/S1286-4579(01)01513-1. PMID 11825779.
  3. ^ Harper KN, Liu H, Ocampo PS, et al. (August 2008). "The sequence of the acidic repeat protein (arp) gene differentiates venereal from nonvenereal Treponema pallidum subspecies, and the gene has evolved under strong positive selection in the subspecies that causes syphilis". FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 53 (3): 322–32. doi:10.1111/j.1574-695X.2008.00427.x. PMID 18554302.
  4. ^ Angelakis E, Bachar D, Yasir M, Musso D, Djossou F, Gaborit B, et al. (January 2019). "Treponema species enrich the gut microbiota of traditional rural populations but are absent from urban individuals". New Microbes and New Infections. 27: 14–21. doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2018.10.009. PMC 6276622. PMID 30555706.
  5. ^ 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project."16S rRNA-based LTP release 123 (full tree)" (PDF). Silva Comprehensive Ribosomal RNA Database. Retrieved 2013-03-20.
  6. ^ J.P. Euzéby. "Treponema". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2016-03-20.
  7. ^ Sayers; et al. "Treponema". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2016-03-20.
  8. ^ Stanton TB, Jensen NS, Casey TA, Tordoff LA, Dewhirst FE, Paster BJ (January 1991). "Reclassification of Treponema hyodysenteriae and Treponema innocens in a new genus, Serpula gen. nov., as Serpula hyodysenteriae comb. nov. and Serpula innocens comb. nov". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 41 (1): 50–8. doi:10.1099/00207713-41-1-50. PMID 1704792.
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