North Central Timor Regency

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North Central Timor Regency
Regency
Coat of arms of North Central Timor Regency
Coat of arms
Location within East Nusa Tenggara
Location within East Nusa Tenggara
North Central Timor Regency is located in Timor
North Central Timor Regency
North Central Timor Regency
Coordinates: 9°26′48″S 124°28′41″E / 9.44667°S 124.47806°E / -9.44667; 124.47806Coordinates: 9°26′48″S 124°28′41″E / 9.44667°S 124.47806°E / -9.44667; 124.47806
Country Indonesia
Province East Nusa Tenggara
Regency seatKefamenanu
Government
 • RegentRaymundus Sau Fernandes
 • Vice RegentAloysius Kobes
Area
 • Total1,030.78 sq mi (2,669.70 km2)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total259,829
 • Density250/sq mi (97/km2)
 [1]
Area code(+62) 388
HDI (2019)Increase 0.633 (Medium)
Websitettukab.go.id

North Central Timor Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara) is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia. Its regency seat located in Kefamenanu, which is a district with population of 47,776 out of 259,829 the regency's total population on 2020. Bordering Timor Leste's Oecusse enclave, it is one of few Indonesian region that has land border with other countries.[2]

History[]

The regency was de jure formed on 9 August 1958 from three autonomous royal regions (swapraja), but de facto function only on early November 1958 after its first regent was sworn. Previously, the region was part of Onderafdeeling Noord Miden Timor during Dutch rule since 1915. It was composed of three native kingdoms of Miomaffo, Insana, and Biboki. The administrative seat was moved from the town of Noeltoko to current town of Kefemenanu on 1921.[3] The relocation of the capital from Noeltoko to Kefemenanu is commemorated annualy by the local government since 2005.[4]

During Japanese occupation in 1942, local government structure changed little and was mostly preserved by the occupying Japanese to simplify administration. After the end of the Second World War in 1946, local rulers in the region wanted to be included in Lesser Sunda province under the newly formed Indonesian Republic together with Bali and West Nusa Tenggara during Malino Conference.[5] Local administration was reorganized in 1949 after independence recognition and formed its own parliament under Timor Regional Law Number 10 of 1949.[5][3] In a parliament session between 10–12 May 1950, it voted in favour of disbanding State of East Indonesia under United States of Indonesia and forming a unitary Indonesian state, which was realized not long after.[5] The creation of the regency was realized not long after Lesser Sunda province was split into three provinces, which are West Nusa Tenggara, Bali, and East Nusa Tenggara.[3]

During Indonesian occupation of East Timor and subsequent independence referendum and violence it followed, many civilians from East Timor fled to the regency, causing a huge increase in the population. Many were integrated into the regency's society to the point it constituted 8.1% of the regency's population.[6] The regency was devastated by Cyclone Seroja on early 2021, prompting relocation of several settlements and buildings by Indonesian government after it.[7][8]

Geography[]

The regency borders South Central Timor Regency in the south, country of East Timor in the north, Kupang Regency in the west, and Belu Regency in the east. It has a total area of 2,669.70 square kilometers or 5.6% of the province's area. Most of its area has slopes below 40 degrees, consisting of 77.4% with the rest being higher slopes. On average, the region located mostly below 500 meters above sea level. Around 74% of the total regency's area are used for plantation and agriculture, or around 97,948 hectares, and only 20,685 hectares are used for human settlement.[9]

The majority of the soil in the regency consists of litosol and grumusol soil and is relatively fertile. However, the climate of the region is classified as semi-arid which makes large-scale farming challenging due to low precipitation compared to other regions in Indonesia. To solve this, the government of Indonesia has been building several new dams in the region to avoid drought and secure access to water for its population.[10][11][9]

The temperature ranges between 22 to 34 degree Celcius, with air humidity level between 69 to 87% annually. Between June and September, wind comes from Australia, bringing little water vapors to the region and the region enters dry season. Due to climate, the region is prone to drought and harvest failure.[9]

Governance[]

Administrative districts[]

The regency is divided into 24 districts. The largest in terms of population is Kefamenanu, accounting 18% of the regency's population, and the largest in terms of area is Insana District, which consists of 12.48% of the total regency's area. Below is the list of districts and their respective population as of 2020.[2]

  • West Miomaffo District (15,337)
  • Central Miomaffo District (6,081)
  • Musi District (4,740)
  • Mutis District (7,150)
  • East Miomaffo District (12,417)
  • Noemuti District (12,743)
  • South Bikomi District (11,188)
  • Central Bikomi District (7,613)
  • Bikomi Nilulat District (4,800)
  • North Bikomi District (6,252)
  • Naibenu District (5,576)
  • East Noemuti District (4,270)
  • Kota Kefamenanu District (47,766)
  • Insana District (20,966)
  • North Insana District (10,166)
  • West Insana District (10,660)
  • Central Insana District (10,491)
  • Insana Fafinesu District (5,898)
  • South Biboki District (9,393)
  • Biboki Tanpah District (5,620)
  • Biboki Moenleu District (8,021)
  • North Biboki District (11,269)
  • Biboki Anleu District (17,128)
  • Biboki Feotleu District (4,254)

Local government[]

Regent office of North Central Timor

It is a second-level administrative division equivalent to a city. As a regency, it is headed by a regent who is elected democratically. Heads of district are appointed directly by the regent with the recommendation of the regency secretary. Executive power lies with the regent and vice-regent while legislative function is exercised by the regency's parliament.[12][13][14]

Politics[]

The regency is part of 7th electoral district in provincial parliament, together with Belu Regency and Malaka Regency, which together have 8 out of 65 representatives. On a regency level, the regency's parliament consisted of 30 representatives from four electoral districts. Last election was in 2019 and the next one would be on 2024.[15]

Electoral district Region Representatives
1st North Central Timor Bikomi Nilulat, South Bikomi, Naibenu, East Miomaffo, North Bikomi, Cental Bikomi, and Kefamenanu Kota District 11
2nd North Central Timor Insana, West Insana, Insana Fafinesu, Central Insana, and North Insana District 7
3rd North Central Timor Biboki Anleu, Biboki Feotleu, Biboki Moenleu, South Biboki, Biboki Tan Pah, and North Biboki District 6
4th North Central Timor Central Miomaffo, West Miomaffo, Musi, Mutis, Noemuti, and East Noemut District 6
Total 30

Economy[]

The Regency's gross regional product is dominated by agriculture, making up 39.82% of its economy. The second biggest sector is administration activities with 16.77%, followed by construction with 9.55% and education with 7.41%. The fastest-growing sector was electricity and gas in 2020, with a growth of 18.10% followed by information and communication with 14.97%, and the fastest declining sector is mining with a decrease of 28.98% in the same year.[16][2] Economic growth was 5.1% on 2019, but later plummeted to -0.55% because of COVID-19 pandemic.[16] There are 32 registered market centers in the regency, in addition of 80 registered stores. From the scale, there are 123 trading facilities considered facilitating large-scale trading by Indonesian Statistics. Other than that, there are 62 active cooperatives as of 2020.

Almost all restaurants and hotels are located in Kefamenanu. The figure includes 137 registered restaurants, out of which 114 or 83% located in Kefamenanu, and 11 hotels as of 2020.[2] Agriculture output includes red onion with a figure of 36 tons, garlic with 30.3 tons, red chilli with 18.7 tons, cabbage with 41.2 tons, mustard greens with 235.5 tons, and asparagus with 16.9 tons in 2020. Other crops are coconut with a production of 555 tons, cashew with 913 tons, and candlenut with 1,655 tons in the same year.[2] The regency also has some livestock population, including 129,325 cows for meat consumption as of 2020 and pig with a population figure of 82,126 within the same year. The fish catch was 748.3 tons and aquaculture also yielded 162.4 tons of fish.[2]

Demographics[]

In the 2020 Census, the population of the regency was noted 259,829, with a sex ratio of 100.53, which means there are roughly 101 males per 100 females within the population. As with most of Indonesia, the population of the regency is young and dominated by a workforce above 15 years, 141,985 out of the total population. The most populous district is Kefamenanu with a population of 47,776, around 18% of the regency's population, which is also the economic center for the regency. West Miomaffo District has the lowest sex ratio with 95.9, 96 male per 100 female population, and the highest is Biboki Feotleu with 104.3 or 104 male per 100 female population.[2]

The majority of the population are followers of Catholic Church, which consisted of 90.13%, followed by Protestants with 7.47% of the population. The rest of the minorities include Muslims, Hindu, and Buddhist.[2] Literacy rate was 95.21% in 2020, with a slight difference between the male population (96.11%) and female population (94.35%). School participation rates were 98.87%.[17] However, the poverty rate remains high relative to other regions in Indonesia, reaching 22.28% of the population in the same year.[2]

Infrastructure[]

Education[]

A highschool in Kefamenanu town

Education infrastructure in the regency includes 182 elementary schools, 85 junior highschools, 32 senior highschools, and 19 vocational highschools. In addition, there are two higher education institutions.[2] One of them is University of Timor, which is a state-owned public university and one of only two public universities in the province, the other being University of Nusa Cendana in city of Kupang.[18][19] Its main campus is located in Kefamenanu. Due to its close proximity and lack of university in neighbouring East Timor, many East Timorese students studied in the university with recorded figure of 6,000 in 2017.[20][21] Other than that, there are 21 registered kindergartens in the regency as of 2020.[2]

Healthcare[]

Within the healthcare sector, there are three hospitals, 10 polyclinics, 57 puskesmas, and six pharmacies as of 2020. The main hospital in the regency, Kefamenanu Regional Hospital, is a public hospital owned by the regency government and classified by the Ministry of Health as C-class. The other main hospital, Leona General Hospital, is a private hospital. The last hospital from the three, Kiupukan Hospital, is owned by Parish of Kiupukan and significantly smaller than the other two.[22][23][24][2]

Others[]

Wini Integrated Border Post in town of Wini, North Central Timor Regency

There are a total of 1,048.40 kilometers of road in the regency, out of which 356.71 kilometers have been paved with asphalt. Other than that, 276.46 kilometers of road have gravel surface, and the rest are either concrete or soil. Most of the roads are regency-owned, which consist of 848.85 kilometers, while the rest are owned by either provincial government or national government.[2] There's no airport in the regency and the closest airport is located in Atambua, Belu Regency. However, there's a plan to build a new airport in town of Wini and build a special economic zone in the region.[25] There's one integrated border post facility (PLBN) located in Wini, which has immigration facility, quarantine facility, helipad, storage, and a market. Indonesian integrated border posts are intended to be new economic center and serve as point for inter-border trading centers.[26][27][28] The regency also has a port, also located in town of Wini, which is expected to be expanded as part of new special economic zone plan.[29] On 2019, it served on average eight freight ships per month transporting cargo in and out of the regency.[30] There are exactly 60 mosques and 185 churches in the regency as of 2020 according to Ministry of Religious Affairs.[2]

References[]

  1. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2020.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara". timortengahutarakab.bps.go.id. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Sejarah Kabupaten TTU".
  4. ^ developer, mediaindonesia com (2019-09-22). "Timor Tengah Utara Gelar Napak Tilas Sejarah Kabupaten". mediaindonesia.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Pengadilan Negeri Kefamenanu". pn-kefamenanu.go.id. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  6. ^ "Dinamika Integrasi Lokal Warga Eks Timor Timur di Wilayah Pemukiman Pengungsi Kabupaten Kupang Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur".
  7. ^ Anam, Khoirul. "Risma Cek Dampak Siklon di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara, Ini Arahannya". detiknews (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  8. ^ "Wabup TTU Rapat Virtual Pembahasan Penanganan Korban Bencana Siklon Tropis Seroja Bersama Kemensos". Pos Kupang (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Profil Kabupaten TTU" (PDF).
  10. ^ admin (2019-05-28). "Bendungan Temef, Sumber Air Bagi Tiga Kabupaten di Timor". NTT PEMBARUAN (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  11. ^ "Resmikan Bendungan, Jokowi: Kunci Kemakmuran NTT Adalah Air". SINDOnews.com (in Indonesian). 2021-02-23. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  12. ^ "PP No. 17 Tahun 2018 tentang Kecamatan [JDIH BPK RI]". peraturan.bpk.go.id. Retrieved 2021-04-16.
  13. ^ "UU 22 1999" (PDF).
  14. ^ "Indonesia Regencies". www.statoids.com. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
  15. ^ "Keputusan KPU Nomor 282/PL.01.3-Kpt/06/KPU/IV/2018 tentang Penetapan Daerah Pemilihan dan Alokasi Kursi Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten/Kota di Wilayah Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur dalam Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2019" (PDF). KPU RI. 4 April 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  16. ^ Jump up to: a b "Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara". timortengahutarakab.bps.go.id. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  17. ^ "Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara". timortengahutarakab.bps.go.id. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  18. ^ "Universitas Timor". SIPP. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  19. ^ campus.quipper.com https://campus.quipper.com/directory/universitas-timor. Retrieved 2021-06-22. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  20. ^ antaranews.com (2017-01-20). "6.000 mahasiswa Timor Leste belajar di Universitas Timor". Antara News. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  21. ^ "Keberanekaragaman Mahasiswa Yang Kuliah di Universitas Timor". Quipper Blog. 2017-04-16. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  22. ^ "Informasi SDM Kesehatan Nasional". bppsdmk.kemkes.go.id. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  23. ^ "Informasi SDM Kesehatan Nasional". bppsdmk.kemkes.go.id. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  24. ^ "Rumah Sakit Paroki Kiupukan, Kabupaten Malaka, East Nusa Tenggara". maps123.net. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  25. ^ "Pemkab Timor Tengah Utara Ingin Wilayah Wini Jadi Kawasan Eknonomi | Bali Bisnis.com". Bisnis.com. 2017-08-07. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  26. ^ "Pembangunan Pos Lintas Batas Negara (PLBN) & Sarana Penunjang Wini, Kab. Timor Tengah Utara". KPPIP (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  27. ^ "CANTIKNYA PLBN WINI DI PULAU TIMOR DENGAN LATAR PEGUNUNGAN". MyTrip (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  28. ^ Media, Kompas Cyber (2020-07-13). "Pemerintah Garap 4 PLBN Jadi Pusat Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Baru Halaman all". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  29. ^ "Pelabuhan Wini TTU Diusulkan Jadi Tempat Pengembangan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus". VoxNtt.com (in Indonesian). 2020-08-12. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  30. ^ "8 Kapal Barang Masuk ke Pelabuhan Wini NTT Setiap Bulan". beritatrans.com. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
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