Norway–Russia relations

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Norway–Russia relations
Map indicating locations of Norway and Russia

Norway
Russia
Dmitry Medvedev at an official greeting ceremony in Norway with Harald V of Norway

Norway–Russia relations (Norwegian: Forholdet mellom Norge og Russland Russian: Норвежско-российские отношения or Российско-норвежские отношения) refers to the bilateral foreign relations between the two countries, Norway and Russia. The establishment of diplomatic relationships between the two countries happened on October 30, 1905, four days after the establishment of Norway's independence.[1] Russia has an embassy in Oslo and consulates in Barentsburg and Kirkenes, and Norway has an embassy in Moscow, and consulates in Murmansk and Saint Petersburg.[clarification needed]

Timeline[]

1537–1814[]

Denmark handled the foreign relations of Norway during this period. Denmark and Russia were in general allies against their mutual enemy Sweden. See Denmark–Russia relations.

1814–1905[]

Sweden handled the foreign relations of Norway during this period. The Norway–Russia border was defined in 1826.

1917–1991[]

Further information: Norway–Soviet Union relations

After 1991[]

Strains in bilateral relations[]

The environmentally harmful emissions from the Norilsk Nickel plant outside Nikel in the Murmansk Oblast[4] have been for decades an unresolved issue in then Norwegian–Soviet, and now Norwegian–Russian relations.

Formerly there was a territorial dispute over the Barents Sea, but on 27 April 2010, Norway and Russia officially resolved the territorial debate.[5] A 2017 Kremlin maritime threat assessment which was sent to President Vladimir Putin highlighted Norway as a perceived threat and therefore a potential cause of naval conflict.[6]

In December 2017, Frode Berg, a Norwegian citizen, was arrested in Russia on allegations of having operated a spy ring in the country since 2015, and was detained at Lefortovo Prison.[7]

In 2017, hackers believed to be Russians targeted the Labour Party.[7] In July 2020, Norway expelled a Russian diplomat on suspicion of espionage.[8]

There has long been tension over the GLOBUS radar installation in Vardø, which Russian officials believe to be part of a United States missile defense system. Two mock airstrikes involving Russian fighter jets and bombers were executed against the town in 2017 and 2018, each time pulling short of violating Norwegian airspace, and in 2019 a Bal coastal missile system was deployed 70 km from the radar system, just 35 km from the Norwegian-Russian land border.[9][10][11][12]

In popular culture[]

The fictional political thriller TV series Occupied is based on a hypothetical strain in relations between the two countries after Norway ceases fossil fuel production in response to a climate crisis. It is available on Netflix in many countries.

Vyacheslav Pavlovsky, the Russian ambassador to Norway, told Russian News Agency TASS,

It is certainly a shame that, in the year of the 70th anniversary of the victory in World War II, the authors have seemingly forgotten the Soviet Army's heroic contribution to the liberation of northern Norway from Nazi occupiers, decided, in the worst traditions of the Cold War, to scare Norwegian spectators with the nonexistent threat from the east.[13][14]

The Russian embassy had been informed in an early stage of the work on the series.[15]

Gallery[]

  • Norwegian embassy in Moscow, Russia

  • Russian embassy in Oslo, Norway

  • Russian consulate-general in Kirkenes, Norway

  • Russian consulate-general in Barentsburg, Norway

  • Russian President Vladimir Putin with Stoltenberg in New York City, 2000

  • Dmitry Medvedev speak at a joint press conference with Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg

  • Dmitry Medvedev and Harald V of Norway greeting children outside the Royal Palace, Oslo

  • Dmitry Medvedev and Jens Stoltenberg with Ingrid Schulerud, Svetlana Medvedeva, Harald V of Norway, Queen Sonja of Norway and Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway outside Akershus Fortress in Oslo, Norway

See also[]

External links[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ "Норвегия в России". Norgesportalen. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  2. ^ "Norway, Russia agree on Barents Sea border". therightperspective.org. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  3. ^ Kristoffer Rønneberg Skarp russisk protest mot Norge; Russiske myndigheter rasende over at tsjetsjensk eksilleder deltok på en fredskonferanse i Oslo. 19 May 2012 Aftenposten "Nå har Russland sendt en note – en formell, diplomatisk klage – til den norske ambassaden i Moskva."
  4. ^ Antonova, Maria (July 25, 2008). "Balancing Growth and Environment". The Moscow Times. Archived from the original on 2008-08-03. Retrieved April 27, 2010.
  5. ^ Norway, Russia agree on Barents Sea border[permanent dead link]
  6. ^ "Kremlin maritime threat assessment highlights Norway as potential cause of naval conflict - Jane's 360". www.janes.com. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  7. ^ a b Standish, Reid (October 3, 2018). "The New Cold Front in Russia's Information War". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on October 4, 2018.
  8. ^ Anton Kolodyazhnyy (August 28, 2020), Russia summons Norwegian ambassador over expulsion of Russian diplomat - RIA Reuters.
  9. ^ Nilsen, Thomas (13 March 2018). "Norway says Russia's mock attack on Vardø radar troubles stability in the north". The Barents Observer. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
  10. ^ Nilsen, Thomas (23 May 2019). "Moscow threatens response against Norwegian radar near Russian border". The Barents Observer. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
  11. ^ O'Connor, Tom (23 May 2019). "Russia Will 'Take Measures' Against U.S. Radar Near Its Border, Thought to Be Part of Missile Defense". Newsweek. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  12. ^ Nilsen, Thomas (7 August 2019). "Russia deploys missile system 70 km from Norway's Vardø radar". The Barents Observer. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  13. ^ Bershidsky, Leonid (2015-08-28). "Norwegian TV taps into fear of Russia". Bloomberg View. Retrieved 2015-09-06.
  14. ^ "How Norwegian TV is cashing in on fears of Vladimir Putin's Russia". The Australian Financial Review. 31 August 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  15. ^ "Fictional Russian invasion sparks row with Moscow". The Guardian. 30 August 2015. Retrieved 24 February 2018.

Literature[]

  • Соседи на Крайнем Севере: Россия и Норвегия: От первых контактов до Баренцева сотрудничества. Учебное пособие / Под ред. Т. Т. Фёдоровой. — Мурманск: Мурманское книжное издательство, 2001. — 384 с. — 1000 экз. — ISBN 5-85510-241-6
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