Olearia
Olearia | |
---|---|
Olearia stuartii in Geelong Botanic Gardens | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Asterales |
Family: | Asteraceae |
Subfamily: | Asteroideae |
Supertribe: | Asterodae |
Tribe: | Astereae |
Genus: | Olearia Moench[1] |
Type species | |
Olearia tomentosa | |
Species | |
See text |
Olearia, most commonly known as daisy-bush,[2] is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Asteraceae, the largest of the flowering plant families in the world. Olearia are found in Australia, New Guinea and New Zealand. The genus includes herbaceous plants, shrubs and small trees. The latter are unusual among the Asteraceae and are called tree daisies in New Zealand. All bear the familiar daisy-like composite flowerheads in white, pink, mauve or purple.
Description[]
Plants in the genus Olearia are shrubs of varying sizes, characterised by a composite flower head arrangement with single-row ray florets enclosed by small overlapping bracts arranged in rows. The flower petals are more or less equal in length. The centre of the bi-sexual floret is disc shaped and may be white, yellowish or purplish, generally with 5 lobes. Flower heads may be single or clusters in leaf axils or at the apex of branchlets. Leaves may be smooth, glandular or with a sticky secretion. The leaves may grow opposite, alternate, arranged sparsely or clustered. Leaf margins either entire or lobed, with or without a stalk. The fruit are dry slightly compressed, one-seeded, narrow-elliptic or egg-shaped with longitudinal ridges and smooth or with sparse hairs.[3][4][5]
Taxonomy and naming[]
The genus is named after Johann Gottfried Olearius, a 17th-century German scholar and author of Specimen Florae Hallensis.[6] Originally a large genus, a molecular study has found it to be polyphyletic.[7] Olearia species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Aenetus ligniveren, which burrows into the trunk.
Distribution[]
There are approximately 180 species of Olearia, of which about 112 species are endemic to Australia. Olearia are found in all states of Australia.[5]
Species[]
The following is a list of Olearia species accepted by the Australian Plant Census or the New Zealand Plant Conservation Network or listed in the Census of Vascular Plants of Papua New Guinea as at May 2021:[8][9][10]
- Olearia adenocarpa Molloy (N.Z.)
- Olearia adenolasia (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. – woolly-glandular daisy-bush (W.A.)
- Olearia aglossa (Betche & Maiden) (N.S.W., Vic.)
- (Hook.f.) Hook.f. – tanguru (N.Z.)
- Olearia algida N.A.Wakef. – alpine daisy-bush (N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic.)
- Kirk – Great Barrier tree daisy (N.Z.)
- Olearia alpicola F.Muell. ex Benth. – alpine daisy-bush (N.S.W., Vic.)
- Olearia angulata (Kirk) Allan (N.Z.)
- Hook.f. – teteaweka (N.Z.)
- Olearia arborescens (G.Forst.) Cockayne & – common tree daisy, glossy tree daisy (N.Z.)
- Olearia archeri Lander (Tas.)
- Olearia arckaringensis – Arckaringensis daisy (S.A.)
- Olearia argophylla (Labill.) F.Muell. ex Benth. - musk daisy-bush, native musk, silver shrub (N.S.W., Vic.)
- Olearia arguta Benth. (W.A., N.T., Qld.)
- Olearia arguta Benth. var. arguta (W.A., N.T.)
- Olearia arguta var. lanata Benth. (W.A., N.T., Qld.)
- Olearia arida E.Pritz. (W.A., S.A., N.T.)
- Olearia asterotricha (F.Muell.) Benth. – rough daisy-bush (N.S.W., Vic.)
- Olearia astroloba Lander & N.G.Walsh – marble daisy-bush (Vic.)
- Olearia avicenniifolia (Raoul) Hook.f. – akeake (N.Z.)
- Olearia axillaris (DC.) F.Muell. ex Benth. – coast daisy-bush (W.A., S.A., N.S.W., Vic., Tas.)
- Olearia ballii (F.Muell.) Hemsl. – mountain daisy (Lord Howe Island)
- Olearia brachyphylla (F.Muell. ex Sond.) N.A.Wakef. (W.A., S.A.)
- Olearia brevipedunculata N.G.Walsh (N.S.W., Vic.)
- Olearia bullata H.D.Wilson & (N.Z.)
- Olearia burgessii Lander (N.S.W.)
- Olearia calcarea F.Muell. ex Benth. – limestone daisy bush (W.A., S.A., Vic., N.S.W.)
- Olearia canescens (Benth.) Hutch. (N.S.W.)
- Olearia cassiniae (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. (W.A.)
- Olearia chathamica Kirk (N.Z.)
- Cockayne & Allan – streamside tree daisy (N.Z.)
- Olearia chrysophylla (DC.) Benth. (N.S.W., Qld.)
- Olearia ciliata (Benth.) F.Muell. ex Benth. - fringed daisy-bush (W.A., S.A., Vic., Tas.)
- Olearia colensoi Hook.f. – tupare, leatherwood (N.Z.)
- Olearia cordata Lander (N.S.W.)
- Olearia covenyi Lander (N.S.W.)
- Kirk (N.Z.)
- & Heenan (N.Z.)
- Petrie (N.Z.)
- Olearia cuneifolia A.R.Bean & (Qld.)
- N.G.Walsh (Vic.)
- (N.Z.)
- Olearia decurrens - clammy daisy-bush
- (P.N.G.)
- (P.N.G.)
- Olearia elliptica - sticky daisy-bush
- Olearia erubescens - pink-tip daisy-bush, moth daisy-bush
- Olearia exiguifolia
- (N.Z.)
- (P.N.G.)
- Olearia flocktoniae - Dorrigo daisy-bush
- Olearia floribunda - heath daisy-bush
- Olearia fragrantissima (N.Z.)
- - Bogong daisy-bush
- (N.Z.) - akepiro
- Olearia gardneri (N.Z.)
- - swamp daisy-bush
- Olearia glutinosa - sticky daisy-bush
- Olearia hectorii (N.Z.)
- (P.N.G.)
- (P.N.G.)
- Olearia homolepis
- (P.N.G.)
- Olearia ilicifolia (N.Z.)– hakeke
- Olearia iodochroa - violet daisy-bush
- (P.N.G.)
- Olearia lacunosa (N.Z.) - lancewood tree daisy
- (P.N.G.)
- (N.Z.)
- Olearia ledifolia
- - club-moss daisy-bush
- (P.N.G.)
- (P.N.G.)
- (N.Z.)
- Olearia lirata - snowy daisy-bush
- Olearia lyallii (N.Z.)
- Olearia magniflora - splendid daisy-bush
- Olearia megalophylla - large-leaf daisy-bush
- Olearia microphylla - small-leaf daisy-bush
- Olearia minor
- (P.N.G.)
- Olearia mooneyi
- (N.Z.)
- Olearia muelleri
- Olearia myrsinoides - blush daisy-bush, silky daisy-bush
- (N.Z.)
- Olearia odorata (N.Z.) - scented tree daisy
- Olearia oporina (N.Z.)
- Olearia oppositifolia
- (P.N.G.)
- (N.Z.)
- (P.N.G.)
- Olearia paniculata (N.Z.) - akiraho
- Olearia pannosa - velvet daisy-bush
- Olearia paucidentata
- Olearia phlogopappa - dusty daisy-bush
- Olearia pimeleoides - pimelea daisy-bush
- Olearia pinifolia
- (P.N.G.)
- Olearia polita (N.Z.)
- – oak-leaved daisy-bush
- (N.Z.)
- Olearia ramulosa - twiggy daisy-bush
- Olearia rani (N.Z.) – heketara
- Olearia revoluta
- (P.N.G.)
- Olearia rugosa (Vic) - wrinkled daisy-bush
- (N.Z.)
- Olearia solandri (N.Z.) - coastal tree daisy
- (N.Z.) - netted daisy-bush
- (P.N.G.)
- Olearia stuartii
- Olearia suffruticosa - clustered daisy-bush
- Olearia telmatica (N.Z.)
- Olearia teretifolia - cypress daisy-bush
- Olearia tomentosa - toothed daisy-bush
- (N.Z.)
- Olearia traversiorum (N.Z.) – Chatham Island akeake, Chatham Island tree daisy
- (P.N.G.)
- (P.N.G.)
- (N.Z.)
- Olearia viscidula - viscid daisy-bush
- - sticky daisy-bush
Use in horticulture[]
Several species are cultivated as ornamental garden plants, and there are hybrids of uncertain or mixed parentage. Among these, the following have been given the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit:-[11]
- Olearia macrodonta, New Zealand holly[12]
- Olearia × mollis ‘Zennorensis’, daisy bush ‘Zennorensis’[13]
- Olearia × scilloniensis[14]
- Olearia × scilloniensis ‘Master Michael’[15]
They are generally hardy down to −10 °C (14 °F), but require a sheltered spot in full sun.
References[]
- ^ a b "Olearia Moench". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
- ^ "Olearia". Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- ^ "Olearia". VICFLORA online. Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
- ^ Holliday, Ivan. "Olearia". Australian Native Plant Society Australia. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
- ^ a b Lander, N.S. "Olearia". PLANTNET. New South Wales Flora Online. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
- ^ Moench, Conrad. 1802. Supplementum ad Methodum Plantas. pp. 254-255
- ^ Cross, E.W.; Quinn, C.J.; Wagstaff, S.J. (2002). "Molecular evidence for the polyphyly of Olearia (Astereae: Asteraceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 235 (1–4): 99–120. doi:10.1007/s00606-002-0198-9. JSTOR 23645039.
- ^ "Olearia". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
- ^ "Olearia". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
- ^ Conn, Barry J. "Census of the Vascular Plants of Papua New Guinea". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 69. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
- ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Olearia macrodonta". Retrieved 14 April 2018.
- ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Olearia × mollis 'Zennorensis'". Retrieved 14 April 2018.
- ^ "Olearia × scilloniensis". RHS. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
- ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Olearia × scilloniensis 'Master Michael'". Retrieved 14 April 2018.
- Olearia
- Asteraceae genera