Order of the Sacred Treasure
Order of the Sacred Treasure 瑞宝章 | |
---|---|
![]() Star of the Order of the Sacred Treasure | |
Awarded by the Emperor of Japan | |
Type | Order |
Awarded for | Long and/or meritorious civil or military service |
Status | Currently constituted |
Sovereign | His Imperial Majesty The Emperor |
Grades | 1st through 8th Class (1888–2003) Since 2003: Grand Cordon Gold and Silver Star (Rays, Principal Grade) Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon (Cordon, Middle Grade) Gold Rays with Rosette (Cordon, Junior Grade) Gold and Silver Rays (Double Rays) Silver Rays (Single Ray) |
Precedence | |
Next (higher) | Order of the Rising Sun |
Next (lower) | Order of Culture |
![]() Ribbon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure – new type |
The Order of the Sacred Treasure (瑞宝章, Zuihō-shō) is a Japanese order, established on 4 January 1888 by Emperor Meiji as the Order of Meiji. Originally awarded in eight classes (from 8th to 1st, in ascending order of importance), since 2003 it has been awarded in six classes, the lowest two medals being abolished that year. The most widely conferred Japanese order, it is awarded to those who have made distinguished achievements in research fields, business industries, healthcare, social work, state/local government fields or the improvement of life for handicapped/impaired persons.[1]
Originally a male-only decoration, the order has been made available to women since 1919; it is awarded for both civil and military merit, though of a lesser degree than that required for the conferment of the Order of the Rising Sun.
Classes[]
The Order can be awarded in any of six classes. Conventionally, a diploma is prepared to accompany the insignia of the order, and in some rare instances, the personal signature of the emperor will have been added. As an illustration of the wording of the text, a translation of a representative 1929 diploma says:
"By the grace of Heaven, Emperor of Japan, seated on the throne occupied by the same dynasty from time immemorial,
We confer the Second Class of the Imperial Order of Meiji upon Henry Waters Taft, a citizen of the United States of America and a director of the Japan Society of New York, and invest him with the insignia of the same class of the Order of the Double Rays of the Rising Sun, in expression of the good will which we entertain towards him.
"In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hand and caused the Grand Seal of State to be affixed at the Imperial Palace, Tokyo, this thirteenth day of the fifth month of the fourth year of Shōwa, corresponding to the 2,589th year from the accession to the throne of Emperor Jimmu."[2]
Insignia[]
![]() | This section does not cite any sources. (July 2014) |
The insignia of the order incorporates symbols for the three imperial treasures: the Yata Mirror, so sacred that not even the Emperor is allowed to look at it; the Yasakani Jewel, which is made of the finest jade; and the Emperor's personal sword.
The star for the Grand Cordon and Second Class is similar to the badge as described above, but effectively with two sets of Maltese crosses, one in gilt and one placed diagonally in silver. It is worn on the left chest by the Grand Cordon, on the right chest (without any other insignia) by the 2nd class.
The badge for the first through sixth classes is a Maltese cross, in gilt (1st–4th classes), gilt and silver (5th class) and silver (6th class), with white enameled rays (representing the sword). The central disc is blue, bearing an eight-pointed silver star (representing the mirror), surrounded by a wreath with red-enameled dots (representing the jewel). The badge is suspended on a ribbon, worn as a sash on the right shoulder by the Grand Cordon, as a necklet by males of the 2nd and 3rd classes, on the left chest (the ribbon folded into a triangle) by the 4th to 6th classes (with a rosette for the 4th class). For females of the 2nd to 6th classes, the ribbon is a bow worn on the left shoulder (with a rosette for the 4th class).
Until 2003, when it was abolished, the badge of the seventh and eighth classes was an eight-pointed silver medal, partially gilded for the 7th class, with representations of just the mirror and the jewel. The badge is suspended on a ribbon, worn by men on the left chest (the ribbon folded into a triangle). For women, the ribbon is a bow worn on the left shoulder.
Until 2003, the ribbon of the order was very pale blue with a gold stripe near the borders; since then the ribbon has been light blue, but retains the gold stripe near the borders. When the ribbon is worn alone, the ribbon for the Fourth Class and above incorporates a blue-and-gold rosette (very pale blue until 2003), with a solid gold bar for the Grand Cordon, a gold and silver bar for the Second Class, a solid silver bar for the Third Class and only the rosette for the Fourth Class. The ribbon for the Fifth and Sixth Classes has a centered blue disc (very pale blue until 2003) with gold rays radiating from its center, eight rays for the Fifth Class and six rays for the Sixth Class. Formerly, the ribbon for the Seventh and Eighth Classes had a centered very pale blue disc with gold rays radiating from its center, four rays for the Seventh Class and three rays for the Eighth Class.
Ribbons of the Order of the Sacred Treasure | |
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1888–2003 | |
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First Class |
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Second Class |
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Third Class |
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Fourth Class |
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Fifth Class |
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Sixth Class |
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Seventh Class |
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Eighth Class |
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General ribbon of the order |
2003–present | |
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Grand Cordon |
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Gold and Silver Star |
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Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon |
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Gold Rays with Rosette |
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Gold and Silver Rays |
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Silver Rays |
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General ribbon of the order |
After the 2003 reform[]
In 2003 the lowest two classes of the Order were abolished. Moreover, the badges of the Order will from now on be suspended from three white-enamelled paulownia leaves (not chrysanthemum leaves as the Decoration Bureau page claims).[citation needed]
Selected recipients[]
1st class, Grand Cordon[]
- Otto Abetz[when?][3]
- Sir Charles Alexander Anderson, awarded 1921[4]
- James Burrill Angell, awarded 1909[5]
- Isoroku Yamamoto, awarded 1939
- Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, awarded 1981[6]
- Emilio Álvarez Montalván, awarded 2003[citation needed]
- Daniel Boorstin, awarded 1986[7]
- Avery Brundage[when?][8]
- Sir Hugh Cortazzi, awarded 1995[9]
- Takuma Dan, awarded 1932[10]
- Henry Willard Denison[when?][11]
- Milton Friedman, awarded 1986[3]
- Admiral Albert Gleaves, awarded 1920[12]
- Chushiro Hayashi, awarded 1994[13]
- Daniel Hays, awarded 2000[3]
- Prof. Pieter van Vollenhoven
- Charles C. Moore, president of the Panama-Pacific Exposition, awarded 1916 [14]
- Princess Soamsawali of Thailand
- Norio Ohga, awarded 2001[15]
- James McNaughton Hester, awarded 1981[16]
- Kiyoshi Sumiya, awarded 1998[17]
- Masaru Ibuka (1908–1997)[when?][18]
- Umezawa Michiharu, awarded 1914[19]
- Kōkichi Mikimoto, awarded 1954[3]
- Akio Morita, awarded 1991[20]
- Nakamura Utaemon VI, awarded 1996[21]
- Henry Francis Oliver (1865–1965), awarded 1917[22]
- Radhabinod Pal, awarded 1966[citation needed]
- Peter Parker, awarded 1991[23]
- Samuel Kamuela Parker (1853–1920), awarded 1892[24]
- Sir Julian Ridsdale (1915–2004), awarded 1967 and 1990[25]
- Eishiro Saito, awarded 1982[26]
- Shoichiro Toyoda, awarded 1995[27]
- Hugh Trenchard, awarded 1921[28]
Lieutenant-General Sir Edward Altham Altham, KCB, CMG. awarded 1918 Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick Thomas Clayton, KCB, KCMG. awarded 1918 Lieutenant-General Sir John Steven Cowans, GCMG, KCB, MV. awarded 1918 Lieutenant-General Sir David Henderson, KCB, DSO. awarded 1918 Lieutenant-General Sir Lancelot Edward Kiggell, KCB, KCMG. awarded 1918 Lieutenant-General Sir Cecil Frederick Nevil Macready, GCMG, KCB. awarded 1918 Lieutenant-General Sir Archibald James Murray, GCMG, KCB, CVO, DSO. awarded 1918 Lieutenant-General Sir James Wolfe Murray, KCB. awarded 1918 Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Crichton SCLATER, GCB. awarded 1918
2nd class, Gold and Silver Star[]
- Hirotugu Akaike, awarded 2006[29]
- Momofuku Ando (1910–2007), awarded in 1982
- Herbert W. Armstrong (1892–1986)[3][when?]
- Hans Hermann Baerwald, awarded 1989[citation needed]
- Thomas Baty (1869–1954), awarded 1936[30]
- [when?][4]
- Mary Griggs Burke (1916–2012), awarded 1987[31]
- Pierre Cardin (1922–2020)[32]
- (1901-1972), awarded 1968[33]
- Samuel Mills Damon (1845–1924), awarded 1892[34]
- W. Edwards Deming (1900–1993), awarded 1960[35]
- Tomio Fukuoka (2008)[36]
- James Harold Elmsley (1859–1921)[4]
- Bonner Fellers, awarded 1971[37]
- Ted Fujita (1920–1998)[38]
- Fr. Hermann Heuvers S.J., awarded 1969[citation needed]
- Yoshimasa Hirata (1915–2000), awarded 1987
- William G. Irwin (1843–1914), awarded 1892[39]
- Kaoru Ishikawa (1915–1989)[40]
- Joseph M. Juran (1904–2008)[41][when?]
- Yuet Keung Kan (1913–2012), awarded 1983[42]
- Shahin Lauritzen, awarded 1999[citation needed]
- Bernard Leach (1887–1979)[43][when?]
- Mike Masaoka 1983[44]
- Thomas Corwin Mendenhall, awarded in 1911[when?]
- Edward S. Morse (1838–1925), awarded in 1922
- Paul Neumann (Attorney General) (1839–1901), awarded 1892[45]
- Richard W. Pound, awarded 1998[46]
- Johannis de Rijke, awarded 1903[47]
- Sakıp Sabancı (1993–2004), awarded 1992[48]
- Jacob Schiff (1847–1920), awarded 1905[49]
- Charles Nichols Spencer (1837–1893), awarded 1892[50]
- Henry W. Taft (1859–1945)[2]
- Ichimatsu Tanaka (1895–1983)[51]
- Akira Toriyama (1898–1994), awarded 1971[52]
- Wilfred Chomatsu Tsukiyama (1897–1966), awarded in 1963.[53]
- Guy Tripp (1865–1927), awarded 1924[54]
- John Alexander Low Waddell (1854–1938), awarded 1922[55]
- John Smith Walker (1826–1893), awarded 1892[56]
- Langdon Warner (1881–1955), awarded 1955
- William Austin Whiting (1855–1908), awarded 1892[57]
- Hermann Adam Widemann (1822–1899), awarded 1892[58]
- Eugene P. Wilkinson[59][when?]
3rd class, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon[]
- William DeWitt Alexander (1833–1913), awarded 1892[60]
- John Batchelor D.D., OBE (1855–1944) Archdeacon of an Anglican Communion in Hokkaido[61] awarded in 1933
- , awarded 2017, Consulting Lawyer of the Embassy of Japan in Iraq[62]
- The Rev. Stuart D. B. Picken (1942–2016), awarded 2007
- Frank Shozo Baba (1915–2008)[citation needed]
- Gheorghe Bagulescu (1886–1963)[when?][who?]
- John Tamatoa Baker (1852–1921), awarded 1892[63]
- Robert Hoapili Baker (c 1845/1847-1900), awarded 1892[64]
- Thomas Baty (1869–1954), awarded 1920[30]
- Henry Franz Bertelmann (1859–1921), awarded 1892[65]
- Captain John P. Brockley USN (born 1942), awarded 1990 Commanding Officer NAF Atsugi[66]
- Delmer Myers Brown (1909–2011), awarded 1997[67]
- George Bull (1929–2001)[when?][citation needed]
- Clark Burdick (1868–1948), awarded 1918[68]
- Joseph Oliver Carter (1835–1909), awarded 1892[69]
- Edoardo Chiossone (1833–98)[when?][citation needed]
- William Henry Cornwell (1843–1903), awarded 1892[70]
- Dettmar Cramer (1925–2015), awarded September 1971
- Charles F. Creighton (1862–1907), awarded 1892[71]
- Captain John Wallace Curtin Sr. USN (born 1944) awarded August 1994 Commanding Officer NAF Atsugi[66]
- Sir Frank Gill (1866–1950) awarded 1930[72]
- Robert Günther, awarded 1929[73]
- Günther Gumprich[74][when?]
- William B. Dazey(1915–2002), awarded 1961
- John Adair Hassinger (1837–1902), awarded 1892[75]
- Frank P Hastings, Major, USS Mohican, awarded 1892[76][77]
- Captain Arthur Hawkins (USN)[when?][citation needed]
- Col. William F. Hebert (1928–2008), awarded 1970
- Col. Vernon J Henderson (USAF) (1922–2008), awarded 1970[citation needed]
- Samuel Hill, 1922[78]
- John Dominis Holt II (1861–1916), awarded 1892[79]
- Frederick J. Horne, awarded 1919[80]
- Akira Ifukube (1914–2006)[3][when?]
- Pieter Philippus Jansen (1902–1982), awarded 11 September 1964
- Paul P. Kanoa (1832–1895), awarded 1892[81]
- Professor Iwane Kimura (1932–2019), Kyoto University, awarded 2012, http://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/static/en/news_data/h/h1/news7/2012/121103_1.htm
- Miles Wedderburn Lampson (1880–1964), awarded 1932[82]
- Trevor Leggett (1914–2000)[83][when?]
- Masao Maruyama (1914–1996), awarded 1976[3]
- Genzō Murakami, awarded 1981[3]
- Toshiro Mifune, awarded 1993[84]
- Tetsuya Noda, awarded 2015[85]
- Isamu Noguchi (1904–1988), awarded 1988[86]
- Thomas Noguchi, awarded 1999[87]
- Samuel Nowlein (–1905), awarded 1892[88]
- Keiko Ozato, awarded 2012[89]
- Arthur Porter Peterson (1858–1895), awarded 1892[90]
- Franklin Seaver Pratt (1829–1894), awarded 1892[91]
- John Curtis Perry, awarded 1991.[92]
- Captain Timothy Edwin Prendergast USN (born 1949) awarded August 1997 Commander Fleet Air, Western Pacific
- Leonard Pronko, awarded 1986[3]
- John Keone Likikine Richardson (1853–1917), Private Attorney for Queen Liliuokalani, awarded 1892[93]
- James William Robertson (1852–1919), awarded 1892[94]
- Eric Gascoigne Robinson (1882–1965)[3][when?]
- Paul Rusch (1897–1979), awarded 1956[95]
- Eiji Sasaki (1915–2007), awarded 29 April 1998
- Munetsugu Satomi (1904–1996), Graphic Designer, awarded December 1974
- William Schull, awarded 1992.
- Tadahiro Sekimoto (1926–2007)[96][when?]
- Captain Claude B Shaw USN (1918–2012), awarded May 1972 Commanding Officer Fleet Activities Sasebo[66]
- Hiroko Sho, awarded 2006[97]
- William James Smith (1839–1906), awarded 1892[98][99]
- Sugino Yoshiko, awarded 1978[100]
- Akira Suzuki, awarded 2005[101]
- Col. Fred Grant Swafford (1924–1996), awarded 1972
- Osamu Tezuka (1928–1989), awarded 1989
- Herbert Cyril Thacker (1870–1953)[102][when?]
- Takeo Uesugi, awarded 2010[103]
- Masanobu Tsuji (1902–1961), awarded 1942[104]
- Bunei Tsunoda (1913–2008)[when?][citation needed]
- Charles E. Tuttle (1915–1993), awarded 1983[105]
- Elizabeth Gray Vining (1902–1999), awarded 1950[106]
- Gordon Warner (1913–2010), awarded 2001[107]
- The Rt Rev Herbert Welch (1862–1969), awarded 1928
- Charles Burnett Wilson (1850–1926), awarded 1892[108]
- Arthur Young (1907–1979)[3][when?]
4th class, Gold Rays with Rosette[]
- , awarded 1973[109]
- Floyd Schmoe, awarded 1988[110]
- Keiko Fukuda, awarded 1990[111]
- John Gillett, awarded 1994
- Beate Sirota Gordon, awarded 1998[112]
- Edbert Ansgar Hewett (1860–1915), awarded 1901[113]
- Herbert Keppler, awarded 2002[114]
- Helmut Laumer, awarded 2002[who?][citation needed]
- Rofū Miki (1889–1964), awarded 1965[115]
- Hidetaka Nishiyama, 2000, awarded 2000[116]
- Junnosuke Ofusa (1908–1994), awarded 1982[117]
- Agnes Mitsue Niyekawa (1924–2012), awarded 1998[118]
- Chōshin Chibana, awarded 1968 Archived 2010-04-27 at the Wayback Machine
- Richard Ponsonby-Fane (1878–1937), awarded 1921[119]
- The Rev. Walter Weston, awarded 1937[citation needed]
- Shozo Sato, awarded 2004[120]
- Oskar Ritter und Edler von Xylander[when?][121]
- Serizawa Keisuke (1895–1984)[122]
- Ir Sukarno (1901–1970)[who?][when?]
- Thomas Masuda (1906–1986)[who?][when?]
- Masaru Funai, awarded 2001[123]
- Masao Takahashi, awarded 2002[124]
- The Rev. Jean-Baptist Gaschy (1875–1955), awarded 1954[125]
- Mildred Ruth Brown, awarded 1988[126]
- Andrew Tsubaki (1931–2009), awarded 2007[127]
- Charlotte Burgis DeForest (1879–1973), awarded 1950
- Thomas Tozaburo Sashihara (1900–1974), awarded 15 December 1970[128]
- Wray Taylor (1853–1910), awarded 1892[129][130]
- [131] (1925–2021), awarded 1998
5th class, Gold and Silver Rays[]
- , awarded 2012[citation needed]
- On Chuil, member of the suite of the Korean Crown Prince, awarded 1908 [132]
- , awarded 1997[133]
- (1880–1975), awarded 1962[134]
- Kumaji Furuya (1899–1977), awarded 1968[135]
- George Edward Luckman Gauntlett (1868–1956)[when?][136]
- Capt. W.W. Greene, awarded before March 1908 [137]
- Seikan Higa, awarded 1968[138]
- Friedrich Hirzebruch, awarded 1996[139]
- , awarded in 2020[140]
- (1906–1986)[when?]
- (1907–1996), awarded 1977[citation needed]
- Chiura Obata (1885–1975)[when?][141]
- (1887–1973), awarded 1953[142]
- Yi Pomik, member of the suite of the Korean Crown Prince, awarded 1908 [143]
- Miki Saito, Japanese Consul General to Hawaii, awarded bef Nov 1905[144]
- Yoshio Senda, Hon. LL.D. (1922–2009), awarded 2008[145]
- Chiune Sugihara (1900–1986), awarded 1944[146]
- Yoshio Tamiya (1905–1988), awarded 1976[147]
- Tetsuo Toyama, awarded 1968[148]
- Fujitaro Kubota (1879–1973)[when?][149]
6th class, Silver Rays[]
- Capt. Philip Going, approx 1905 [150]
- Chinyei Kinjo, 1968[151]
- Chozaburo Kusumoto, 1906
- Hannah Riddell, (1855–1932) awarded 1924[152]
- Mary Cornwall Legh (1857–1941), awarded 1939[153]
- Ted Tsukiyama (1920–2019) awarded 2001[154]
- His Majesty of New Zealand, awarded 2015[citation needed]
- Ko Wichun, member of the suite of the Korean Crown Prince, awarded 1908 [155]
- Capt. Mitsuo Matsumoto (Japanese: 松元三男), (1919-2004), officer of the Japanese Imperial Army, awarded 1944
7th class: abolished[]
While established with the original induction of the First 6 classes, Class 7 has never been issued or given an official designation or design.
Officially the Medal and its designation were abolished in 2003; there are no known recipients or issuances of this Medal in its original design from 1887.
8th class: abolished[]
While established with the original induction of the First 6 classes, Class 8 has never been issued or designated a design, like Class 7 Before it.
Officially the Medal and its designation were abolished in 2003; there are no known recipients or issuances of this Medal in its original design from 1887.
General Class[]
- Jackson Bailey, awarded 1988[3]
- Faubion Bowers[156]
- Ernesto Burzagli (1873–1944), awarded 1906[157]
- Winfield Scott Chaplin (1847–1918), awarded 1882[158]
- George Ramsay Cook, awarded 1994[3]
- David Culver[3]
- Dorothy DeLay[159]
- Mamadou Diarra, awarded 1988 (Order with sunburst)[160][who?]
- Robert Lawrence Eichelberger[when?][161]
- Yoshikawa Eiji, awarded 1962[162]
- Anton Geesink[163]
- John Whitney Hall[when?][164]
- Heinrich Hertz[when?][3]
- Marcel Junod, awarded 1961[3]
- Takahira Kogoro (1854–1926)[when?][165]
- Kume Kunitake, awarded 1889[166]
- Tokubei Kuroda (1886–1987), awarded 1939[3]
- Tetsuko Kuroyanagi, awarded 2003[167]
- Toshirō Mifune, awarded 1993 (Order with gold ribbon)[168]
- Lawrence Olson, awarded 1987[169]
- Fusakichi Omori, awarded 1928[170]
- Jean-Jacques Origas, awarded 1998[3]
- John Roderick, awarded 1985[171]
- Renato Ruggiero[172][when?]
- Jack Seward, awarded 1986[173]
- Edmund Charles Wyldbore Smith (1877–1938)[174]
- Kenjiro Takayanagi, awarded 1989[175]
- Eiji Tsuburaya, awarded 1970[176]
- Yosh Uchida, awarded 1986.[citation needed]
- Morihei Ueshiba (1883–1969)[3]
- J.R. Wasson (1855–1913), awarded 1874[177]
- Carmen Blacker (1924–2009)[178]
Gallery[]
- Order of the Sacred Treasure
Order of the Sacred Treasure (class 3)
Order of the Sacred Treasure (class 5)
Order of the Sacred Treasure (class 6)
Ribbon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure – old type
See also[]
- Order of the British Empire (UK)
- National Order of Merit (France)
- Order of Civil Merit (Spain)
- Order of the Star of Italy
- Order of Service Merit (ROK)
- Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria (Grand Decoration in Silver with Sash, in Silver with Star, in Silver, Decoration of Honour in Silver, Decoration of Merit in Silver, Silver Medal)
- Order of Merit (Portugal)
References[]
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- ^ Jump up to: a b c "No. 32428". The London Gazette (Supplement). 19 August 1921. p. 6569.
- ^ * Smith, Shirley W. (1954), James Burrill Angell: An American Influence, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, retrieved 19 October 2018
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- ^ "The Gateway's Oriental Treasure". Time. 17 June 1966. Archived from the original on 28 October 2010.
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Grand Cordon, Order of the Sacred Treasure (Japan), 1995
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- ^ "KIYOSHI SUMIYA". Philippines Japan Society Medal of Merit Awardees. Archived from the original on 6 May 2016.
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- ^ "Akio Morita: Biography". Sony Corporation of America. 3 October 1999. Archived from the original on 22 October 2012.
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- ^ "No. 30363". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 October 1917. p. 11322.
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- ^ Daily Pacific Commercial Advertiser, June 24,1892, page 4
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- ^ Shoichiro Toyoda profile Archived 4 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine, toyota.com; accessed 2 July 2014.
- ^ "No. 32180". The London Gazette. 4 January 1921. p. 62.
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Tong, Howell (2010), "Obituary: Professor Hirotugu Akaike, 1927‐2009", Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 173: 451–454, doi:10.1111/j.1467-985X.2009.00633.x. - ^ Jump up to: a b Oblas, Peter (1 March 2004). "Naturalist Law and Japan's Legitimization of Empire in Manchuria: Thomas Baty and Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs". Diplomacy & Statecraft. 15 (1): 35–55. doi:10.1080/09592290490438051. ISSN 0959-2296. S2CID 154830939.
- ^ "MASTERPIECES OF JAPANESE ART FROM THE MARY GRIGGS BURKE COLLECTION – The Metropolitan Museum of Art". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015.
- ^ "Pierre Cardin Bio" (PDF). pierrecardin.com.
- ^ "Selections from the NDL Collection: Clapp Collection, Verner W. Clapp" (PDF). National Diet Library Newsletter (138). August 2004. "He was decorated with the Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold and Silver Star (Kun-Nito Zuihosho) by the government of Japan, which became one of his most cherished honors among many professional awards
- ^ Daily Pacific Commercial Advertiser, June 24,1892, page 4
- ^ W. Edwards Deming profile Archived 12 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine, editions-harmattan.fr; accessed 6 July 2014.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 9 April 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ Cited in the Congressional Record, 5 November 1973, Volume 119, No. 168.
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Order with gold and silver star
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Sources[]
- Peterson, James W., Barry C. Weaver and Michael A. Quigley. (2001). Orders and Medals of Japan and Associated States. San Ramon, California: Orders and Medals Society of America. ISBN 1-890974-09-9
- Rossiter, Johnson, ed. (1904). The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans, Vol. II. Boston: The Biographical Society....Click link for digitized, full text copy of this book
- Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary, Kenkyusha Limited, Tokyo 1991, ISBN 4-7674-2015-6
External links[]
Media related to Order of the Sacred Treasure at Wikimedia Commons
- Awards established in 1888
- Orders, decorations, and medals of Japan
- 1888 establishments in Japan
- Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure