Oryza rufipogon

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Oryza rufipogon
Oryza rufipogon - National Taiwan University - DSC01108.JPG

Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Genus: Oryza
Species:
O. rufipogon
Binomial name
Oryza rufipogon
Griff.
Oryza rufipogon distribution.svg
The range of Oryza rufipogon.

Oryza rufipogon, known as brownbeard rice,[2] wild rice,[3] and red rice,[3] is a member of the genus Oryza.

It is native to East, South and Southeast Asia. It has a close evolutionary relation to Oryza sativa, the plant grown as a major rice food crop throughout the world. Both have an AA genome.[4]

Oryza glumaepatula is a related species according to molecular biology approaches. It used to be considered a synonym referring to the South American race of O. rufipogon.[4]

Invasive species[]

Oryza rufipogon is an invasive species and listed as a 'noxious weed' by the United States,[5] and also listed as a noxious weed in Alabama, California, Florida, Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Carolina, Oregon, South Carolina, and Vermont. According to the NAPPO (North American Plant Protection Organization), O. rufipogon blends in with cultivated O. sativa so well that it cannot be detected. In this position it competes with the cultivated rice and uses valuable fertilizer and space. O. rufipogon sheds most of its seeds before the harvest, therefore contributing little to the overall yield. In addition, the rice grains produced by the plant are not eaten by consumers, who see it as a strange foreign particle in otherwise white rice.[6]

Genetics[]

Selection[]

As with a great many plants and animals, O. rufipogon has a positive correlation between effective population size and magnitude of selection pressure. O. r. having an EPS of ~140,000, it clusters with others of about the same EPS, and has 78% of its amino acid sites under selection.[7]

Precious germplasm[]

A paper on conservation genetics of wild rice in the journal Molecular Ecology has this to say about O. rufipogon: "This is the most agriculturally important but seriously endangered wild rice species."

In India, the Pallikaranai marshland contains the wild rice Oryza rufipogon, described by the Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON) as a "precious germplasm."[8]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Watve, A.; Phillips, J.; Yang, L. (2017). "Oryza rufipogon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T176902A61524992. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T176902A61524992.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Oryza rufipogon". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
  3. ^ a b "Oryza rufipogon". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  4. ^ a b Stein, Joshua C.; Yu, Yeisoo; Copetti, Dario; Zwickl, Derrick J.; Zhang, Li; Zhang, Chengjun; Chougule, Kapeel; Gao, Dongying; Iwata, Aiko; Goicoechea, Jose Luis; Wei, Sharon; Wang, Jun; Liao, Yi; Wang, Muhua; Jacquemin, Julie; Becker, Claude; Kudrna, Dave; Zhang, Jianwei; Londono, Carlos E. M.; Song, Xiang; Lee, Seunghee; Sanchez, Paul; Zuccolo, Andrea; Ammiraju, Jetty S. S.; Talag, Jayson; Danowitz, Ann; Rivera, Luis F.; Gschwend, Andrea R.; Noutsos, Christos; Wu, Cheng-chieh; Kao, Shu-min; Zeng, Jhih-wun; Wei, Fu-jin; Zhao, Qiang; Feng, Qi; El Baidouri, Moaine; Carpentier, Marie-Christine; Lasserre, Eric; Cooke, Richard; Rosa Farias, Daniel da; da Maia, Luciano Carlos; dos Santos, Railson S.; Nyberg, Kevin G.; McNally, Kenneth L.; Mauleon, Ramil; Alexandrov, Nickolai; Schmutz, Jeremy; Flowers, Dave; Fan, Chuanzhu; Weigel, Detlef; Jena, Kshirod K.; Wicker, Thomas; Chen, Mingsheng; Han, Bin; Henry, Robert; Hsing, Yue-ie C.; Kurata, Nori; de Oliveira, Antonio Costa; Panaud, Olivier; Jackson, Scott A.; Machado, Carlos A.; Sanderson, Michael J.; Long, Manyuan; Ware, Doreen; Wing, Rod A. (22 January 2018). "Genomes of 13 domesticated and wild rice relatives highlight genetic conservation, turnover and innovation across the genus Oryza". Nature Genetics. 50 (2): 285–296. doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0040-0. PMID 29358651.
  5. ^ Plant Protection and Quarantine. 2006. Federal noxious weed list (24 May 2006). USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Washington, DC. 2pp. http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ORRU
  6. ^ NAPPO - PRA / Grains Panel Pest Fact Sheet - Oryza rufipogon Griff. June / 2003, http://www.nappo.org/PRA-sheets/Oryzarufipogon.pdf Archived 2007-07-30 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Hough, Josh; Williamson, Robert J.; Wright, Stephen I. (2013-11-23). "Patterns of Selection in Plant Genomes". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. Annual Reviews. 44 (1): 31–49. doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135851. ISSN 1543-592X.
  8. ^ The Hindu/Vanishing Wetlands- 09 March 2005, http://www.hindu.com/2005/03/09/stories/2005030903421000.htm
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