Our Lady of Peñafrancia
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Our Lady of Peñafrancia Nuestra Señora de Peñafrancia | |
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| Queen of Bicolandia Patroness of Bicol | |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church |
| Major shrine | Minor Basilica of Our Lady of Peñafrancia Metropolitan Cathedral and Parish of St. John the Evangelist Old Shrine and Parish of Peñafrancia |
| Feast | Sunday after the Octave of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (third or fourth Sunday of September) |
| Attributes | |
| Patronage | Bicol region, Sick, Poor, Afflicted, Clergy |
Our Lady of Peñafrancia (Spanish: Nuestra Señora de Peñafrancia in the Philippines, and Nuestra Señora de la Peña de Francia or Virgen de la Peña de Francia) is a miraculous image of the Virgin Mary venerated in Naga City on the Philippines. The statue is housed at the Basilica of Peñafrancia where each September is held novena festivities in honor of the image as the principal Patroness and Queen of Bicol.
Pope Benedict XV granted the image a decree of canonical coronation on 13 May 1920. The rite of coronation was executed on 20 September 1924 via apostolic delegate, Guillermo Piani. On 3 December 2015, a mosaic image of the Virgin Mary under this title was officially enshrined at the Vatican Gardens for the 14th slot at the pontifical mandate of Pope Francis. The ceremony was attended by former President of the Philippines, Benigno Aquino III who unveiled the image with honors.
History of Our Lady of Peñafrancia[]
Devotion to Our Lady of Peñafrancia is Spanish in origin.[1] The statue of Our Lady of Peñafrancia originates from the one enshrined in the Spanish city of Salamanca.
In Salamanca, Spain[]
On 4 September 1401, in the city of Paris in France, a son was born to pious and religious parents, Rolan and Barbara. He was christened Simon. The family was quite wealthy. When his parents and his only sister died, Simon inherited the property. To avoid trouble, which he thought might ensue from his possession of such wealth, he sold his property and donated the proceeds to the church, the poor and the destitute, as well as to charitable institutions. He then he became a lay servant in the Franciscan convent in Paris.
Simon would frequently visit the church and spend hours in prayer before the altar of the Virgin Mary. Once, while he was absorbed in spiritual contemplation of the beauty of the Holy Mother, he lost consciousness. His prayer was answered for he heard a clear voice that tried to rouse him from slumber: “Simon, wake up; be on the watch…. From now on your name will be Simon Vela. Go to Peña de Francia west of this country, and there you will find the shrine of the Blessed Virgin Mary".[2]
For five years Simon Vela traveled far and wide searching for Peña de Francia. He was about to give up, when one night he heard the same voice once more saying: “Simon, do not give up the search; do not give up what you have begun. Persevere and your labors will be recompensed.” Simon went to the Church of Santiago de Galicia. And while he was passing the market place of Salamanca, he saw two men quarreling. One was seriously wounded and fell at Simon's side. The offender was caught by the crowd who milled around them and he brazenly remarked: “Had I killed my enemy, I would have escaped to Peña de Francia where no one, not even the king, could find me.” Simon now knew that such a place did actually exist.[2]
On his way to the church of San Martin, Simon met a man selling charcoal. Simon asked the man where he came from, and the man said he came from a place called Peña de Francia. This was the second time that Simon heard the name of the place mentioned. He then begged the man to guide him to the place called Peña de Francia but for some reason the latter refused to do so. Simon then reached a villa called San Martin de Castañar on May 14, 1434. He went to church and after the mass, he asked a man to kindly indicate where Peña de Francia was. The man took Simon Vela to a place some distance from the church and pointed to the Sierra de Francia in the far distance.[2]
Simon then set out for the place indicated and, after a long journey, came to a steep rocky hill. Night overtook him and he sought shelter in a cave. Early in the morning of the next day, Simon began the search for the shrine. He felt distressed and discouraged for his seemed as distant as it was when he started. Soon, he heard the same voice he had previously heard resounding clearly through the cave: “Simon, be awake: do not sleep.” At a distance on a rocky hill, he saw a glaring and dazzling light filling the place with its brilliance. There he found the Virgin Mary with the Christ Child in her arms sittings on a golden throne.
The Lady said, “Dig in this spot and take what you can see and place it on the summit of this rocky hill. Build on this hill a beautiful dwelling. You are to begin it and others will come to finish it.. This must come to pass as it has been the wish of my child.” Then the Lady suddenly disappeared. Simon began to dig when he heard the same voice again saying: “Simon, do not attempt to undertake that big task alone. Undertake it in the presence and with the help of two, three, or more persons.” Evidently this was to avert any doubt or suspicion from people as to a veracity of the miracle and the credibility of Simon. So Simon went to San Martin del Castañar, a nearby town from the spot, and asked five men to help him. The men thought that they were digging for hidden treasure. After removing a huge stone, they found embedded among the rocks, the image of the Holy Virgin with the Child in her arms.
In the Philippines[]
According to locals in what is now Naga City, a Spanish colonial official from Peña de Francia, Spain (a native of San Martín de Castañar) settled with his family in Cavite in 1712. One day, Miguel Robles de Covarrubias, a son of the official and a seminarian studying at the Universidad de Santo Tomás in Manila, fell seriously ill. He and his family prayed to Our Lady of Peñafrancia. Miguel vowed that if cured, he would out of gratitude construct a chapel on the banks of the Pasig River in Manila which is now called Paco.
Miguel was miraculously cured, and ordained a priest not in Manila but in Ciudad de Nueva Cáceres (now Naga City) by Bishop Andrés González. To fulfill his vow, Miguel (who was the first diocesan priest ordained in Naga), did two things. First, he mobilized natives along the slopes of Mount Isarog to build a chapel from the local nipa and bamboo, at a site by the banks of the Naga River and not the Pasig as he earlier desired. Second, he ordered a local artisan to carve an image patterned after the picture of Our Lady of Peñafrancia that he always carried with him. The image was made from a santol tree.
Stories of miracles surrounding the image began circulating immediately. News of many other miracles spread quickly, as did public devotion to the image. A letter sent by Miguel to the Dominicans in Salamanca, Spain in 1712 reported numerous miracles through the intercession of Our Lady. The number of devotees eventually increased beyond the Diocese of Nueva Cáceres, which comprised the Bicolandia and Marinduque, and in modern times the devotion has reached other parts of the world along with the Filipino diaspora.[3]
The image is known to devotees by the title Ina, a local term for "Mother".[1] It is enshrined at the Minor Basilica of Our Lady of Peñafrancia in Naga City.
Canonical coronation of the image[]
 | This section needs additional citations for verification. (November 2021) |
The canonical Coronation of Our Lady of Peñafrancia as "Patroness of Bicolandia" took place on September 20, 1924, officiated by Guillermo Piani, the apostolic delegate. The image of Our Lady of Peñafrancia currently enshrined in the church on Calle Balatas is approximately 275 years old, making it highly sought-after by antique dealers and collectors.
According to the picture of Ina from the devotional book by Miguel Robles de Covarrubias, the image of Ina is a 17-inch santol wood sculpture. This image of the Queen Mary is the Regional Patroness of Bicol – “Ina” as referred to by the Bikolanos. The replica of Nuestra Señora de Peñafrancia is the second Marian image in the entire Asia and in the Philippines that has been given a Canonical Coronation. This coronation took place at the Church of Naga, currently known as the Naga Metropolitan Cathedral: Parish of Saint John the Evangelist, on the 20th of September 1924. It was presided by the Apostolic Delegate Papal Legate Guillermo Piani, own representative of Pope Benedict XV, and Michael J. O’Doherty, Bishop of Manila. Piani placed the bejeweled crown on the head of the statue of Ina while a significant number of teeming devotees from different places chanted, “Viva la Virgen!” Also, it was on this solemn celebration that the award-winning piece of Maximo Heguera the “Himno a la Nuestra Señora de Peñafrancia,” popularly known as “Resuene Vibrante,” was sung. The actual manto used by Ina during the canonical coronation is currently kept and displayed at the Our Lady of Peñafrancia Museum. Along with the mantle, a description says that, “threadbare and torn this “manto” was worn by Our Lady for many years until her devotees started donating new ones... she has more than enough now.” It also states that the manto was ordered from Spain which has a label on the inside lining which appears to have the words Fabrica de Ornamentos de Yglesia, Jose Candela Albert, Sto. Tomas 18, Valencia, and a logo. This manto is a significant artifact that would commemorate the historic canonical coronation of Ina on September 20, 1924.
Theft of the image[]
On August 15, 1981 at around 4:30 in the morning, the caretaker of the Peñafrancia Shrine discovered that the image of Our Lady of Peñafrancia was gone from its familiar pedestal on the altar. The police reported that the culprits sawed the iron grills at the back of the church and took the image. The identity of the thieves remained a mystery; however, investigators said that they were from the black market who were trying to sell valuable items. The manto and the steel bar which held the image was thrown like garbage in the cemetery grounds of Peñafrancia Shrine but the image was not found with it. On May 1982, an antique dealer and also a Peñafrancia devotee, Francisco Vecin, acquired information about the lost image when a man in Mabini St. of Malate, Manila offered the image. At that time, it was in the hands of a friend. He reported to Florencio Yllana that the lost image was located in Cebu. It was on September 3, 1982 that the image in a sealed box was turned over to Francisco. The image was returned in Naga on September 8, 1982 it was the time when Typhoon Ruping hit the region but it was not a reason for the devotees to not celebrate the return of the image. The theft of the image of Ina opted for the production of a replica to be used in the 1981 Peñafrancia celebrations and today the original image is being kept safe at a prayer room in the basilica grounds. The Peñafrancia Museum, which forms part of the basilica complex.
The image is now enshrined at the minor basilica along Calle Balatas in Naga, which was built as its new home after the old church, given the rising numbers of devotees who were attending services there in the late 1970s from all over the Bicol region and nationwide at the former church.
The Tercentenary Celebration[]
In 2010, the devotion marked its 300th year.
The Archdiocese of Caceres outlined a three-year preparation for the tercentenary with each year centered on a particular theme and objective.
- Year 1 (September 2007 to September 2008 ) the theme was “Remembering the Gift of the Devotion to Ina”, was dedicated to revisiting the history of the devotion in view of a deeper understanding of the same devotion.
- Year 2 (September 2008 to September 2009) theme was “Renewing the Faith through Ina”, was dedicated to appreciating the devotees’ giftedness towards a more vibrant and relevant faith life.
- Year 3 (September 2009 to September 2010) theme was “Sharing the Future in Hope”, was dedicated to envisioning the future with the intent of sharing the fruits of the devotion to the next generations.
In Year 4 (September 2010), the church in Bicol celebrated in thanksgiving the grace of 300 Years of Devotion. The overall theme of the celebration is “A Gift received, a Gift to share” (Balaog inako, Balaog itao).
The Peñafrancia festival[]
The Peñafrancia Festival, which has been described as the biggest Marian event in Asia, is a celebration of two feasts—Divino Rostro (Divine Face of Jesus) on the second Friday of September, and the Our Lady of Peñafrancia the next weekend.[4]
Considered the biggest and most popular religious event in the Philippines, the September festivities of the Lady and Mother of Bicol form an opening salvo to the long celebrations of Christmas in the Philippines, which begin in the very month the celebrations are held in Bicol and in countless other parts of the country. Tens of thousands of pilgrims, devotees, and tourists come to Naga City, Philippines every September for a nine-day festivities in honor of Our Lady of Peñafrancia, the Patroness of Bicol.
Feast day[]
The feast of Our Lady of Peñafrancia is celebrated on the third Saturday of September. Filipinos at home or abroad gather in to meet relatives, and friends and to share food, drinks, and prayers with them, and most of all, to pay homage and make thanksgiving to the Virgin of Peñafrancia, whom the Bicolanos fondly call Ina.[3]
The feast day is preceded by a novena, or nine days of prayer, in honor of the Virgin. On the first day, the image of the Virgin, a copy of the Madonna in Peñafrancia, Spain, is brought from its shrine to the Metropolitan Cathedral and Parish of Saint John the Evangelist where the novena is held. On the last day, the image is returned to her shrine following the Naga River route. The colorful evening procession is lit by thousands of candles from followers in boats escorting the image. When the flatboat reaches its destination, the devotees shout "Viva la Virgen" (Long live the Virgin!) and the image is carried back in a procession to the cathedral. Amongst triumphant sounding shouts of Viva la Virgen, Bicolanos and pilgrims by the thousands, with lighted candles in their hands, will kneel on the ground and bow their heads in prayer as the colorful fluvial procession carrying the Virgin plows through the Bicol River in downtown Naga.
A multicolored pagoda carrying the images/icons of the Virgin of Peñafrancia and the Divino Rostro will pass along the Bicol River. The fluvial procession marks the return of the Virgin from the Naga Metropolitan Cathedral to her home shrine at the Basilica. Upon its arrival, the Virgin will be received in formal religious rites by Roman Catholic dignitaries of the Bicol Region led by the Archbishop of Nueva Caceres, which is its home diocese.
Novena to the Divino Rostro[]
The celebration begins with the Feast of the Nativity of Mary on September 8, which is marked by Masses in the old shrine or the Metropolitan Cathedral.
The feast of the Divino Rostro, which falls on the second Friday of September, is the first high point of the celebration. This is followed by a Novena honoring the Divino Rostro, a local icon of "the Divine/Holy Face" commencing on the second Friday of September. Devotion to the Divino Rostro in Naga City Began in 1882 with a cholera epidemic in Naga. After the image of Divino Rostro was placed at the altar of the Cathedral, the epidemic subsided.[1]
The Divino Rostro is brought in procession from Our Lady of Peñafrancia Basilica to the old Peñafrancia Shrine, where it stays for nine days, which usually focuses on the sick. Usually, the first devotees coming from all over Bicol begin their celebrations during this period.
Traslación[]
The second Friday of September marks the feast day of the Divino Rostro, following the novena at the shrine. During the Traslacion procession the images of the Lady of Peñafrancia and the Divino Rostro (Holy Face) are brought by barefooted male voyadores from the Basilica through the main streets of the city to the Cathedral. This procession, which usually lasts for 4 hours, is participated in by thousands of devotees from all over Bicol and other parts of the country. The devotion started in 1710, when Fr. Miguel Robles de Covarrubias had an image carved, a chapel built and processions held in honor of the miraculous image of the Virgin of Peñafrancia on account to the many favors he received through the help of the Virgin, especially pertaining to his health. Since then the devotion has grown.
The image of the Our Lady of Peñafrancia is transferred at dawn fron Peñafrancia basilica to her old home for the Traslación in the afternoon. After the procession, a community and thanksgiving Mass is celebrated the feast of the Divino Rostro. Bishops and delegates from other dioceses in the country then attend a Pontifical Mass concelebrated by the Archbishop of Caceres outside the shrine.
The Traslación begins after the noon mass from the procession of the students, delegates from other regions, teachers, government officials, and other professions while the images are being prepared for the procession. At around three o'clock in the Afternoon, the Divino Rostro icon leaves the shrine and heads to Naga Cathedral. After a recital of the Rosary, the image of Our Lady of Peñafrancia follows, quite slower than the Divino Rostro. After two or three hours, the Divino Rostro icon arrives at Cathedral, and after an hour, the image of Our Lady enters via the Porta Mariae (Gate of Mary). A Solemn Pontifical Mass (first day Novenary Mass) is celebrated after the procession at the Quadricentenniall Arch at the cathedral grounds, in conclusion of the Mass, the two images are transferred inside of the Cathedral to begin the novena (nine-day) period for Our Lady.
Novena to the Our Lady of Peñafrancia[]
On the beginning of Traslación, the novena to the Our Lady starts at the Cathedral. The novena is said to have healed countless devotees. The novena centers around Mary's intercession to Jesus. During some of the days of the novena period, dawn and evening processions are mounted within the vicinity of Naga wherein the images of both Our Lady and the Divino Rostro are brought out to the streets of the city. People vie for the honor of sponsoring novena masses and prayers at the Naga Cathedral during the novena period.
Parades and celebrations[]
Different parades are held during the nine-day novena to the Our Lady, and these events are open to the public, with coverage on radio and television as well as on online streaming. The Saturday following the Translacion is the day the citywide Marian Youth Congress is held, gathering young people all over the city and region to share and strengthen their faith.
During the Sunday after the Traslacion, the majorettes, CAT, and Drum and Lyre Corps, plus marching bands, exhibit their skills in dancing, music playing, and silent drill at the Robredo Coliseum, with the best winners announced after the long day of events. On the Tuesday before the Fluvial Procession, the Regional Cheer-dance Competition is held at the Robredo Coliseum. Almost all of the schools and universities in Bicol participate in this long, but very entertaining event.
On Wednesday, school contingents of the Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts of the Philippines, from elementary, high schools and senior high schools from all over the Bicol Region together with their school Drum and Lyre corps, drum majors and majorettes parade in the daylong, Regional BSP/GSP and Drum and Lyre Corps parade and competition at the Plaza Quezon. Awards are given to the best contingents and DLCs which have distinguished themselves.
On Thursday, the Civic Parade of the Government workers, and different associations, and organizations in Bicol, and the Float Parade that is joined by hundreds of floats, honoring Ina, is held in the morning. This is followed by, in recent years, a street dance competition of schools in the city and the region in the afternoon at Plaza Quezon, with the winning contingent awarded after all the performances.
On Friday, the most awaited and the century-old military parade, participated by all high schools, senior high schools, colleges and universities all over the Bicol region, also including service personnel of the Philippine National Police, the Armed Forces of the Philippines, the Philippine Coast Guard and the Bureau of Fire Protection, parade in the major streets of Naga City. It is considered to be the longest ever military parade outside Manila due to its daylong, sometimes reaching nighttime, parade, and is one of the largest ever to be held in Southeast Asia, with an estimated 70,000 marches, mostly youth and university cadets together with athletes. Dubbed the , it is also one of the big highlights of the celebrations, with the Mayor of Naga acting as the reviewing officer. Awards and decorations are handed out at the end of the long parade to the best contingents who marched past.
Fluvial Procession[]
A fluvial procession at the end of the novena caps the feast. Following a farewell service at the Naga Metropolitan Cathedral, the images are both carried through the streets and then in a pagoda (the Filipino term for a decorated shrine-barge, usually with more than one tier, used in fluvial processions) on its return journey to the minor basilica, where a Pontifical Mass is held. Along the route, people shout "¡Viva La Virgen!" and people wave their handkerchiefs and towels.
The images of both Our Lady and the Divino Rostro are escorted by a battalion of devotees, most of them are aboard colorful paddle boats pulling the pagoda and those who are privileged are join the icons on the pagoda together with the bishops of Bicol and officials. Tradition holds that if a woman rides on the pagoda during the September fluvial procession, it will spell disaster for everyone involved.
Festival Sunday[]
Festival masses held on the Sunday after the Octave of the Nativity of Mary at the Peñafrancia Minor Basilica mark the official termination of the festivities. Masses are held all day long in all the Catholic parishes and diocese cathedrals of the Bicol Region. In addition, masses are held in many parts of the country in her honor, organized by local devotees' associations.
Changes in the Peñafrancia Fiesta celebration due to the COVID-19 Pandemic[]
With the ongoing threat of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines, the Archdiocese of Caceres and the Naga City Government decided to tone down the 2020 festivities to comply with the minimum health standards implemented in the country.[5]
As such, the following changes were observed for the celebrations:
- Instead of the traditional novena to the Divino Rostro (the Holy Face of Jesus) from Sept. 2-10 and the novena to Our Lady of Peñafrancia from Sept. 11-19, at the Peñafrancia Shrine, Metropolitan Naga Cathedral, and the Basilica Minore, the practice of the devotion is encouraged in the homes of the faithful.
- The annual Traslación and Flvuial Processions are canceled for 2020.
- The fiesta mass on 20 September 2020 shall be streamed live from the Peñafrancia Basilica.
- The other dioceses of Bicol were encouraged to hold noven masses on the same date as Naga to deter people from coming to the city for the celebration
- Cancelation of all civic and commercial activities that coincide with the feast such as the Voyadores Festival, civic and military parades, trade fairs, exhibits, concerts, and other mass events (all for 2020), are to be enforced
The same changes were adopted for the 2021 Peñafrancia Festivities from 01-19 September 2021.
Patronage[]
The Virgin of Peñafrancia is patroness of the Bicol Region.
Elsewhere[]
The veneration of Our Lady of Peñafrancia is one of the oldest (almost 50 years) and largest Filipino Marian celebrations in San Diego.[6]
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Hymn[]
The "Himno a la Nuestra Señora de Peñafrancia" or "Resuene Vibrante" as Bicolanos call it, is the official hymn of the devotees to the Lady of Bicolandia composed by Fr. Maximo Huguera, CM in the year 1924. It won the first prize during the hymn-writing competition for the Lady's canonical coronation. This was translated to Central Bikol by Fr. Jesus Esplana and Fr. Sohl Saez.
But after the Tercentenary celebration in 2010, the full Spanish text was played again in all masses.
Spanish text[]
Coro:
Resuene vibrante el himno de amor
Que entona tu pueblo con grata y emoción
Resuene vibrante el himno de amor
Que entona tu pueblo con grata emoción
Patrona del Bícol, Gran Madre de Dios
Sé siempre la Reina de Nuestra Región
Patrona del Bícol, Gran Madre de Dios
Sé siempre la Reina de Nuestra Región.
Estrofa I:
Los ríos murmuran tu nombre al correr
Los montes proclaman tu gloria y poder
El pueblo creyente con gozo te ve
Te canta amoroso y besa tu pie
El pueblo creyente con gozo te ve
Te canta amoroso y besa tu pie.
(Repeat Coro)
Estrofa II:
Patrona del Bicol altar del amor
Reliquia bendita que el cielo nos dio
Escucha benigna del pueblo el clamor
Que acude a tu Templo con fé y devoción
Patrona del Bicol altar del amor
Reliquia bendita que el cielo nos dio
Escucha benigna del pueblo el clamor
Que acude a tu Templo con fé y devoción.
(Repeat Coro)
Estrofa III:
Los pobres y tristes te buscan con fé
Te miran llorando les miras también
Al punto sus lágrimas se truscan en bien
Y a casa gozosos les vemos volver
Los pobres y tristes te buscan con fé
Te miran llorando les miras también
Al punto sus lágrimas se truscan en bien
Y a casa gozosos les vemos volver
(Repeat Coro)
Bicol text[]
I
Maski an kasalogan, Sambit an si'mong ngaran
Maski an kabukiran, Ika an rokyaw.
Kami si'mong aki, Pano' nin kaogmahan
Si'mong nangangako, Ika kamo'tan.
Kami si'mong aki, Pano' nin kaogmahan
Si'mong nangangako, Ika kamo'tan.
Chorus:
Awiton an awit nin pagkamoot
Sa saimo samuyang idinodolot
Awiton an awit nin pagkamoot
Sa saimo samuyang idonodolot.
Patrona nin Bikol, Ina ka nin Dios
Magdanay na Reina nin samuyang region,
Patrona nin Bikol, Ina ka nin Dios
Magdanay na Reina nin samuyang region.
II
Patrona nin Bikol, Inang mamomo'ton
Pamanang banal, Balaog nin Dios.
Pakihimatea mga inagrangay, Kan si'mong banwaan
na napaalaw.
Patrona nin Bikol, Inang mamomo'ton
Pamanang banal, Balaog nin Dios.
Pakihimatea mga inagrangay, Kan si'mong banwaan
na napaalaw.
(Repeat Chorus)
See also[]
References[]
- ^ a b c Valderama Fortunado, Arnulfo et al., "Peñafrancia Festival & Divino Rostro feature novenas and fluvial procession", Catholics & Cultures
- ^ a b c "History of Our Lady of Peñafrancia", Naga City
- ^ a b "Feast of Our Lady of Peñafrancia", Holy Trinity Catholic Church, Beaverton, Oregon
- ^ Yee, Jovic. "Church, Naga City cancel Peñafrancia Festival", Philippine Daily Inquirer, Jine 29, 2020
- ^ Acuña, Melo. "Covid-19 tones down traditional Peñafrancia festivities", CBCP News, June 27, 2020
- ^ "Feast Day Mass for Our Lady of Peñafrancia", The Roman Cathokic Diocese of San Diego
Sources[]
- Rubio, T. N., Zantua, B., & Real, M. (2010, September/October). The Blue and Gold Special Commemorative Issue: 300 YEARS OF DEVOTION TO THE VIRGIN OF PEÑAFRANCIA [PDF]. Ateneo De Naga Junior High School. Retrieved from: http://jhs.adnu.edu.ph/jhs/gainpower/BG_300years_of_ina_commemorative_issue.pdf
External links[]
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