Pa-O National Army
Pa-O National Army | |
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ပအိုဝ်ႏစွိုးခွိုꩻတပ်မတောႏ | |
![]() Flag of the Pa-O people, used by the PNA | |
Leaders | U Aung Kham Hti[1] |
Dates of operation | 1949 | – 9 December 2009; 2021–present
Headquarters | Taunggyi, Shan State, Myanmar |
Active regions | Pa-O Self-Administered Zone (controlled territory) |
Ideology | Pa-O nationalism |
Allies | ![]() ![]() |
Opponents | ![]()
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Battles and wars | Internal conflict in Myanmar |
The Pa-O National Army (Pa'o Karen: ပအိုဝ်ႏစွိုးခွိုꩻတပ်မတောႏ, Burmese: ပအိုဝ်းအမျိုးသားတပ်မတော်; abbreviated PNA) is a Pa-O insurgent group in Myanmar (Burma). It was established in 1949 and is the armed wing of the Pa-O National Organisation.[2][3]
The PNA protects the PNO-governed Pa-O Self-Administered Zone, which consists of three townships in southern Shan State: Hopong, Hsi Hseng, and Pinlaung townships.[1] The PNA has an informal alliance with the All Burma Students' Democratic Front (ABSDF) and the Karenni Army, in an attempt to prevent the spread of drug use and smuggling in their territory.
The PNA signed a ceasefire agreement with the then ruling State Peace and Development Council on 11 April 1991. It merged with other Pa-O paramilitary groups on 9 December 2009.[3][4] Following the military coup d'état on 1 February 2021, the PNA announced its resumption of armed hostilities against the government.
References[]
- ^ a b South, Ashley (2008). Ethnic Politics in Burma: States of Conflict. Oxon: Routledge. pp. 122–124. ISBN 978-0-203-89519-1.
- ^ "Armed ethnic groups". Myanmar Peace Monitor.
- ^ a b "PNLO". Myanmar Peace Monitor.
- ^ Kyaw, Sann; Christensen, Russ (2006). The Pa-O: Rebels and Refugees. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books. ISBN 978-974-9575-93-2.
- Myanmar stubs
- Rebel groups in Myanmar
- Separatism in Myanmar
- Paramilitary organisations based in Myanmar
- 1949 establishments in Burma