Zomi Revolutionary Army
Zomi Revolutionary Army | |
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ဇိုမီး တော်လှန်ရေး တပ်မတော် | |
![]() Flag of the Zomi people, adopted by the ZRA | |
Leaders | Thanglianpau Guite |
Dates of operation | 1997 | –present
Group(s) | Zomi Revolutionary Organisation |
Headquarters | Churachandpur, Manipur, India |
Active regions | Zogam (Zoland) |
Ideology | Zomi nationalism Separatism Paite interests |
Allies | Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup
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Opponents | ![]()
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Battles and wars | Internal conflict in Myanmar Insurgency in Northeast India |
The Zomi Revolutionary Army (Burmese: ဇိုမီး တော်လှန်ရေး တပ်မတော်; abbreviated ZRA) is an armed Zomi nationalist insurgent group formed in 1997, following an increase in ethnic tensions between the Kuki people (i.e. the Thadou) and the Paites tribe in Churachandpur district of Manipur, India. Its parent organisation, the Zomi Revolutionary Organisation, was founded on April 1993.[1]
The ZRA's proclaimed objective is to "protect the interests of the Zo ethnic groups" and to "unite the Zomi peoples under one state, Zogam", which overlaps the official state boundaries of India (Manipur and Mizoram), Myanmar (Chin State) and Bangladesh (Chittagong Hill Tracts).[1]
Leadership[]
The ZRA has three main leadership positions, President, General Secretary, and Information and Publicity Secretary. Most of its leadership are from the Zomi community.[1][2] Its current leaders are:
- Thanglianpau Guite, President of the Zomi Revolutionary Army
- D. Kamsuanthang, General Secretary
- Jimmy Suanpu, Information and Publicity Secretary
Areas of operation[]
The ZRA mainly conducts operations in the Paite, Simte, Vaiphei, Zou, Mizo, Chin, Gangte, Thadou and other tribes under Zo umbrella majority areas of the Churachandpur district in Manipur and other districts in Manipur, particularly the Singngat subdivision near Myanmar (Burma). Their main operation areas includes bordering regions of Manipur and Mizoram, and also in Chin State, Myanmar (Burma).[1]
Funding[]
The ZRA allegedly funds itself through the collection of "protection fees" from locals who live in their areas of operations. In exchange for this fee, the ZRA claims they protect locals from being shot, kidnapped, or robbed by rival groups.[1] In June 2004, according to local media reports, the ZRA accused the Mizo National Front (MNF) administration in Mizoram of only partially paying ZRA cadres for campaigning on behalf of MNF candidates in Champhai. A prominent opposition leader in Mizoram, Lal Thanhawla, claimed that on 12 June 2004, the MNF owed the ZRA payment for "services rendered", and that, because the MNF had failed to pay, the ZRA had begun collecting fees from residents of Mizoram.[1][2]
Alliances with other groups[]
The ZRA's maintains close alliances with the Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup (KYKL) and the National Socialist Council of Nagaland-Isak Muivah (NSCN-IM). The group also has a memorandum of understanding with the (KLO) that promises "full cooperation in all spheres, with the objective of strengthening the blood ties among the Kuki-Chin-Mizo/Zomi peoples".[1] The ZRA was once in conflict with the Hmar People's Convention-Democracy (HPC-D), but the two groups reached an agreement to "work closely in the spirit of mutual understanding and cooperation for the welfare of the people and for achieving their shared objectives".[2]
Peace negotiations[]
On 9 August 2005, the ZRA released a statement, saying that they had reached a ceasefire agreement with the Indian government, which was to last for six months starting from 1 August. The ZRA also said that they had "viewed the steps taken by the Indian government in this regard as a positive approach towards the better understanding of our unique history, and the realisation of the need for a permanent solution to the long standing aspirations of the Zomi people". In spite of this agreement, the Indian security forces allegedly conducted operations against ZRA during the ceasefire.[1]
Notable incidents[]
![]() | This section is in list format, but may read better as prose. (November 2018) |
- On 9 June 2005, ZRA insurgents ambushed a truck in Churachandpur district carrying Zomi Revolutionary Front (ZRF) insurgents, killing three ZRF members and one civilian. This attack was in retaliation for the ZRF's defection from the ZRA.[3]
- On 20 September 2005, ZRA insurgents clashed with other insurgents belonging to the Zomi Revolutionary Front, resulting in six deaths; one ZRA activist was also injured.[4]
- On 20 August 2006, two civilians were killed and four others were injured after Indian security forces opened fire on a group of churchgoers in the Vengnuam subdivision of Churachandpur, the ZRA's stronghold, believing incorrectly that ZRA members were present.[5]
- On 10 January 2010, three ZRA insurgents were killed in a clash with insurgents belonging to the People's Liberation Army of Manipur, in Tonzang Township, Chin State. One PLA insurgent was wounded.[citation needed]
- On 15 January 2010, two ZRA insurgents were killed in a clash with insurgents belonging the Revolutionary People's Front, the armed faction of the People's Liberation Army of Manipur operating in interior Manipur.[6]
- On 20 June, 2021, the Chinland Defence Force issued a statement strongly condemning the attacks conducted by the Zomi Revolutionary Army (ZRA) on one of its bases on 16 June, 2021. It condemned the SAC and pledged support to the NUG, but has already clashed twice with the CDF for territorial control. In its statement, the CDF added that it would conduct attacks against the ZRA if ZRA kept its “hegemonic” stance.
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Zomi Revolutionary Organisation / Zomi Revolutionary Army". satp.org. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "Fact Sheet for Zomi Revolutionary Organisation - Silobreaker". Silobreaker.com. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
- ^ [1] Archived 29 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "BBC News - South Asia - ambush kills nine Indian soldiers". News.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
- ^ "CZC flays CCpur Church attack : 29th aug06 ~ E-Pao! Headlines". E-pao.net. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
- ^ "news.outlookindia.com - Two militants killed in Manipur". News.outlookindia.com. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
External links[]
- Paramilitary organisations based in Myanmar
- Terrorism in India
- Separatism in Myanmar
- Separatism in India
- Separatism in Bangladesh
- Rebel groups in Myanmar
- Rebel groups in India