Pachyrhinosaurini

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Pachyrhinosaurini
Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, 84.9–68.5 Ma
Pachyrhinosaurus.jpg
Skull of a Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Order: Ornithischia
Suborder: Ceratopsia
Family: Ceratopsidae
Subfamily: Centrosaurinae
Clade: Eucentrosaura
Tribe: Pachyrhinosaurini
Fiorillo & Tykoski, 2012
Type species
Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis
Sternberg, 1950
Subdivisions[1]

Pachyrhinosaurini is a tribe of centrosaurine dinosaurs. The clade existed during the Late Cretaceous, about 84.9 to 68.5 million years ago, evolving during the earliest Campanian,[2] and becoming extinct in the Maastrichtian.[3][4] The tribe contains three genera: Einiosaurus, Achelousaurus, and Pachyrhinosaurus. Pachyrhinosaurus and Achelousaurus form the clade of pachyrhinosaurins called the Pachyrostra ("thick-snouts"), characterized primarily by their nasal bosses.

Classification[]

Pachyrhinosaurini was defined in 2012 by Fiorillo & Tykoski. It was defined as all centrosaurine ceratopsids more closely related to Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis than to Centrosaurus apertus. It was defined during the description of Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum, a species from Alaska.[3]

The cladogram below represents the findings of Lund et al., 2016, in their description of Machairoceratops cronusi. Wendiceratops pinhornensis, Xenoceratops foremostensis, and Sinoceratops zhuchengensis were resolved as members of the Pachyrhinosaurini and Einiosaurus was resolved as a pachyrostran and the sister taxon of Achelousaurus.

Ceratopsidae 

Chasmosaurinae

 Centrosaurinae 

Machairoceratops cronusi

Albertaceratops nesmoi

Diabloceratops eatoni

Avaceratops lammersi

Nasutoceratops titusi

 Centrosaurini 

Rubeosaurus ovatus

Styracosaurus albertensis

Spinops sternbergorum

Centrosaurus apertus

Coronosaurus brinkmani

 Pachyrhinosaurini 

Xenoceratops foremostensis

Sinoceratops zhuchengensis

Wendiceratops pinhornensis

 Pachyrostra 

Einiosaurus procurvicornis

Achelousaurus horneri

Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis

Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai

Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum


The cladogram below represents a more recent phylogenetic analysis that included Pachyrhinosaurini by Chiba et al. (2017). Wendiceratops, Xenoceratops, and Sinoceratops were not resolved as members of the Pachyrhinosaurini and Einiosaurus was not resolved as a pachyrostran.[5]

Centrosaurinae

Diabloceratops eatoni

Machairoceratops cronusi

Nasutoceratopsini

Avaceratops lammersi (ANSP 15800)

MOR 692

CMN 8804

Nasutoceratops titusi

Malta new taxon

Xenoceratops foremostensis

Sinoceratops zhuchengensis

Wendiceratops pinhornensis

Albertaceratops nesmoi

Medusaceratops lokii

Eucentrosaura
Centrosaurini

Rubeosaurus ovatus

Styracosaurus albertensis

Coronosaurus brinkmani

Centrosaurus apertus

Spinops sternbergorum

Pachyrhinosaurini

Einiosaurus procurvicornis

Pachyrostra

Achelousaurus horneri

Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis

Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai

Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Sampson, S.D.; Lund, E.K.; Loewen, M.A.; Farke, A.A.; Clayton, K.E. (2013). "A remarkable short-snouted horned dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) of southern Laramidia". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 1766. 280 (1766): 4. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.1186. PMC 3730592. PMID 23864598.
  2. ^ Gilmore, C.W. (1930). "On dinosaurian reptiles from the Two Medicine Formation of Montana". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 77 (16): 1–39. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.77-2839.1.
  3. ^ a b Fiorillo, A.R. & Tykoski, R.S. (2012). "A new Maastrichtian species of the centrosaurine ceratopsid Pachyrhinosaurus from the North Slope of Alaska". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 57 (3): 561. doi:10.4202/app.2011.0033.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  4. ^ Fiorillo, A.R. & Gangloff, R.A. (2001). "Theropod teeth from the Prince Creek Formation (Cretaceous) of northern Alaska, with speculations on Arctic dinosaur paleoecology". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 20 (4): 675–682. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0675:TTFTPC]2.0.CO;2.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  5. ^ Kentaro Chiba; Michael J. Ryan; Federico Fanti; Mark A. Loewen; David C. Evans (2018). "New material and systematic re-evaluation of Medusaceratops lokii (Dinosauria, Ceratopsidae) from the Judith River Formation (Campanian, Montana)". Journal of Paleontology. in press (2): 272–288. doi:10.1017/jpa.2017.62. S2CID 134031275.


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