Pakistan Aeronautical Complex

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Pakistan Aeronautical Complex
Native name
پاکستان مستقر برائے ہوا پیمائیِ بحری
TypeState-owned company
Industry
FoundedKamra, Punjab, Pakistan 1971
Headquarters
Kamra, Attock District, Punjab
,
Pakistan
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
AM Muhammad Mughees Afzal
Products
Product list
Production output
Military Aircraft
ServicesAircraft maintenance
Aircraft MLU systems
Aircraft design, R&D
OwnerMinistry of Defence Production
(Primary owner; other ownership)
ParentPakistan Air Force
Divisions
Divisions
SubsidiariesAir Weapons Complex
Websitewww.pac.org.pk

The Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (Urdu: پاکستان مستقر برائے ہوا پیمائیِ بحری‎), or PAC) is a major defense contractor and an aerospace manufacturer that is headquartered in Kamra, Punjab, Pakistan.[1]

The Pakistan Aeronautical Complex is one of the largest defense contractor in aerospace, military support, and national security provider to the Pakistan military.[2][3]

Founded in 1971 by the Pakistan Air Force (PAF), the PAC designs, develops, and builds aircraft and avionics systems for the Pakistani military— it also provides its services for civilian aircraft.[4] In addition, the PAC performs local maintenance and works on the aircraft MLU systems of foreign-built military and civilian aircraft. It is solely owned by the Pakistan Air Force and its corporate interests and its corporate appointments are directly made by the Chief of Air Staff from the Air HQ.[4]

Many of these products are specially suited for the Pakistan Armed Forces needs, while others are also marketed to foreign export. While it collaborated with several countries’ corporate organizations, the PAC often jointly works with the Turkish TAI and the Chinese CATIC.[5] The PAC has larger commercial and business interests in Myanmar, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.[6][7][8]

History[]

In 1971, five years after induction of F6 aircraft in PAF, it was realized that the aircraft had started falling due for overhaul and in the absence of in country overhaul facility, the aircraft would be sent abroad for desired inspections, resulting in huge amount of spending in terms of Foreign Exchange and generating undesired downtime for the aircraft fleet. With this background the commanders of Pakistan Air Force decided to embark upon achieving the historic goal of creating an indigenous overhauling facility for F6 Fleet of PAF. After negotiation with the OEM and the Chinese Government’ the establishment of F6 Rebuild Factory now known as Aircraft Rebuild Factory (ARF) started at Kamra duly supervised by Chinese Experts. On its completion, the first ever aircraft rolled out after Overhaul in the year 1980.

Having gained the overhauling experience of Chinese Origin Aircraft, it was considered essential to establish a similar GOH facility for French Origin Mirage III & V aircraft of PAF. The project for establishment of Mirage Rebuild Factory (MRF) started in 1974 and the first overhauled Mirage aircraft rolled out of the factory in the year 1980. Atar 09c engine and related accessories MRO facility was also established at MRF during early 80s with subsequent addition of various other engine MRO services. After establishment of overhaul of Chinese and French Origin aircraft, efforts were generated to enter into the arena of Aircraft Manufacturing. As a humble beginning a fight trainer MFI-17 aircraft was chosen for indigenous manufacturing, for which another factory was established after successful negotiation with the Swedish OEM. in the year 1975.

As all these factories are co-located at Kamra they were placed under the umbrella of Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC). The journey in the aviation industry did not stop here because it was felt that the Eyes and Ears of these potent platforms (Ground Based Radar) are not being looked after indigenously and are still creating blind pockets because of prolong downtimes Owing to major maintenance abroad to cater for this adverse situation once again an indigenous facility had to be established, so it was decided to establish Kamra Avionics and Radar Factory (KARF), now known as Avionics Production Factory (APF). once again under the umbrella of Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC).

Later in years once the influence of avionics systems increased tremendously on capability and performance of the aircraft, a complete setup for the avionics maintenance was embedded into APF. The expertise developed during overhauling of ground radars came handy at APF and today it stands out as the most advanced avionics facility in the country.

Similarly, the experience of manufacturing a light aircraft gave Aircraft Manufacturing Factory (AMF) the impetus to go into a co-designing and development program for manufacturing of a Jet Aircraft. Once again the Pak-China friendship played a vital role and K-8 project was initiated at AMF. The project culminated as production of a Jet-Trainer Co-designed and produced by Pakistan and China in 1994. AMF is involved even today in manufacturing of about 20% of the structure of K-8 at these facilities. This background of AMF was considered good enough to venture into the area of indigenous production of a jet fighter aircraft that is how AMF is now fully involved in the notional program of co-producing JF-17 Thunder Aircraft with China.[9]

Operations[]

PAC/CAC JF-17 Thunder
A F-16A at the PAC: the F-16s are maintained at the PAC.

Since 1947, the Pakistan Air Force operated largely dependent on foreign suppliers, fighter jets and aircraft had to be sent abroad for desired inspection, development, and to produce parts to maintain the fighter aircraft in service, causing the downsizing of the air force.[3]

After consultation from the PAF's commanders at AHQ at the Rawalpindi Cantonment, the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC) was established in 1973 in Kamra with Aircraft Rebuild Factory first being functional.[10][11] PAC was established by the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) as part of the new defence policy introduced in 1972; the PAC represents wide range of corporate revenue of the air force while fulfilling the national security needs of the country.[3] The Pakistan Aeronautical Complex started with three main Ministry of Defence projects designated P-721, P-741 and P-751.[10] The first two digits show the year of project approval and launch, the third digit is a serial designator.[10]

Since 1980s–90s, PAC functions include licensed-built Mirage-III, Mirage-5, and the F-16s as well as building the F100 engines for the F-16s under license from Pratt & Whitney.[12]

A retired Pakistan Air Force F-6 on display

Aircraft Rebuild Factory[]

Aircraft Rebuild Factory (ARF), formerly known as F-6 Rebuild Factory (F-6RF) and P-721, is primarily dedicated to the overhaul and parts manufacture of Chinese aircraft in service with the Pakistan Air force (PAF). The factory is capable of overhauling and parts manufacturing for the Shenyang F-6 (now retired by the PAF), Nanchang A-5 (also retired by the PAF) and F-7 combat aircraft, as well as the Shenyang FT-5 and FT-6 jet trainer aircraft. ARF is also capable of manufacturing drop tanks and harnesses of aircraft.

Mirage Rebuild Factory[]

The Mirage Rebuild Factory (MRF), formerly known as P-741, is dedicated to the overhaul of French origin military aircraft in service with the Pakistan Air Force (PAF), the Dassault Mirage III and Mirage V combat aircraft. Overhaul and manufacturing services were used by other countries with French Mirage aircraft in service. The Mirage III and Mirage 5 are under license and built at the PAC factory. This factory also grew to service and overhaul the Pratt & Whitney F100 turbofan engines belonging to the F-16 Fighting Falcon combat aircraft of the PAF. Due to lack of budget for replacing outdated aircraft, the MRF was devoted to domestically overhauling them, which according to claims, saved the country billions of dollars.[13]

Project ROSE[]

Project ROSE (Retrofit Of Strike Element[14]), was a program initiated by the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) Pakistan Aeronautical Complex for the upgrades of the military avionics and electronics system of its aging Dassault Aviation– built Mirage fighter jets.[15] The program focused on modernization of military avionics and on-board computer system of Mirage IIIE and the Mirage V supplied by Pakistani Margella Electronics, French SAGEM and the Italian SELEX consortiums, as part of the program.[16]

Conceived in 1992 by the Pakistan Air Force, the program started in 1995 on main considerations of retiring the A–5 Fantan from active service.[14] The Pakistan Air Force which already was operating Dassalt Mirage-3s and Dassalt Mirage-5s began its procurement of second-hand Mirage fighters from Australia, Lebanon, Libya, and Spain at the price range within the MoD's fund.[17] Over 90% of the aircraft were retrofitted at the Aeronautical Complex in Kamra; few were upgraded in France.[17] From 1996–2000, several Mirage IIIE and Mirage 5 were bought from the other countries and were upgraded under this program at the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex.[17] In this project the avionics of the aircraft were increased, in-flight refueling was added, due to this the range and combat radius of the fighter jet was increased, new grifo fire control radars having about 75 km range were introduced which gave the aircraft capability to fire BVR missiles if needed, the metallurgy of aircraft was overhauled and service life was increased, the capability to do take off and landing from motorway was also added, after the Rose-3 upgrading the locally manufactured standoff weapons like H-4 SOW bombs, H-2 SOW bombs, Takbir glide bomb , Stealth nuclear cruise missiles such as Ra'ad MK-1 and Ra'ad Mk-2 were added in the weapon package of the aircraft. Further considerations for upgrades were recommended but the program was terminated due to increasingly combined costs of the spare parts and the conditions of the second–hand airframes of the Mirage IIIE and Mirage V at the time of their procurement from various countries.[17]

It is currently expected for all of ROSE upgraded Mirage fighters jets to be remain in the combat service with Pakistan Air Force beyond 2020 in specialized Tactical Attack roles. They are expected to be replaced by JF–17 Thunder (Block-3, Block-4 and Block-5) or additional F-16s or 5th generation stealth fighter coming out Project Azm.

Aircraft Manufacturing Factory[]

Two JF-17 multi-role fighters during a flypast performance in Islamabad on 23 March 2007, assembled by PAC earlier that month. Serial production of the fighter at AMF began on 30 June 2009.
An MFI-395 Super Mushshak, produced at AMF, on display at the IDEAS 2008 defence exhibition in Karachi, Pakistan.
The new JF-17 multi-role fighter, displayed at the IDEAS 2008 Defense Exhibition in Karachi, Pakistan and currently under production by PAC

Aircraft Manufacturing Factory (AMF), formerly known as P-751, is dedicated to heavy military aircraft manufacturing. The MFI-17 Mushshak basic trainer aircraft built under license for use by the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) and Pakistan Army aviation wing. This factory project managed the aircraft modification and development venture that resulted in the MFI-395 Super Mushshak basic trainer, based on the MFI-17 Mushshak. Development of the K-8 Karakorum (also known as Hongdu JL-8) intermediate/advanced jet trainer was done in co-operation with Hongdu Aviation Industry Group of China, with AMF manufacturing parts for the aircraft. The JF-17 multi-role combat aircraft (also known as FC-1), a joint project between China and Pakistan, is now being manufactured by AMF. The MFI-17, MFI-395, K-8 and JF-17 are now in service with the (PAF). AMF also designs and manufactures unmanned aerial vehicles for uses such as target practice.

Manufacture of sub-assemblies for the JF-17 light-weight multi-role fighter began on 22 January 2008, while serial production of the fighter began on 30 June 2009.

On 20 August 2009 the PAF announced that it would begin production of its own unmanned aerial vehicles in collaboration with Italian company Selex Galileo. Production of the UAV, named Falco, was to begin soon.[18] An earlier opportunity to manufacture a fighter aircraft was lost when the Pakistan Air Force abandoned Project Sabre II in 1987, a joint effort by Pakistan, China and Grumman Aerospace that would have seen AMF manufacturing a re-designed Chengdu F-7 variant.

Avionics Production Factory (APF)[]

Avionics production Factory (APF), formerly known as Kamra Avionics and Radar Factory (KARF) was initiated as Radar Maintenance Centre (RMC) in 1983 to overhaul and rebuild ground-based radar systems. In 1989, RMC was expanded to become Kamra Radar & Avionics Factory (KARF). APF has the facilities to assemble and overhaul airborne as well as ground-based radar systems, electronics and avionics. the ISO 9002 certified facility among PAC, the factory was involved in upgrading the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) Chengdu F-7P interceptor fleet by replacing the original Italian built FIAR Grifo-7 radar with the more capable FIAR Grifo-7 mk-II radar, which was assembled under licence by APF. More recently, radar production involved the license assembly of the latest upgrade variant of the FIAR Grifo-7, the Grifo-7MG radar, which arms the Chengdu F-7PG combat aircraft of the PAF. In mid-2009 it was reported that APF personnel had completed training on printed circuit board assembly machines supplied by US company APS Novastar, which would be used to make circuit boards for combat aircraft avionics.[19]

As PAC's capabilities become competitive in the region, commercial ventures from national and international companies are also being undertaken.

Project Azm[]

On 7 July 2017 the Pakistan Air Force announced the development of a Fifth-generation fighter jet technology's, a stealth medium-altitude long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle (MALE UAV) and a smart Long-range surface-to-air missile systems (SAM system) under the banner of Project Azm[citation needed]. Pakistani public and private sectors are jointly working on the development of Next-generation stealth fighter aircraft (PF-X)[citation needed] whose first flight is expected in 2028, moreover work has also begun for the development of stealth MALE-UCAV[citation needed]. The information about this Multirole Stealth drone was first revealed at International Defence Exhibition and Seminar held at Karachi, this UAV will have both air-to-air and air-to-surface laser weapon capabilities[citation needed]. Certain rumours were being spread that China might be helping Pakistan in this project, but Pakistan's Air Marshal Shahid Latif (retired), who played a key role in the development of PAC JF-17 Thunder, nullified the rumours and said that although they still have an option to go for joint collaboration with China, but as PAF has gained much experience and knowledge after the successful development and assembling of the 4th generation Fighter PAC JF-17 Thunder co-produced with China, that now forms the backbone of the Pakistan Air Force , The PAC JF-17 Thunder, PAC engineers are experienced enough to begin the development of a next generation fighter on their own although major works including overhaul of CAC/PAC JF-17 Thunder is still done In China [20] .[21][22][23][24][25] Air Chief Marshal Sohail Aman stated that the design phase for the MALE UAV was in its final stages[citation needed]. The CAS had also revealed the current Air Staff Requirements (ASR) of the FGFA, i.e., a “twin-engine single-seater, boasting the likes of super-cruise and laser weapons (directed energy weapons)[citation needed]. Thus, the FGFA is not only an indigenous clean-sheet design, but currently slated as a medium-to-heavyweight, high-performance jet.[21][25] Pakistan Air Force showcased the conceptual design of a future stealth aircraft on the tail of the PAF C-130 at the Royal International Air Tattoo (RIAT) 2019[citation needed]. However, there's no official statement regarding this by PAF.[26]

As per the yearbook of the Pakistan Ministry of Defence Production (MoDP) for the year 2017-2018, the Aviation Research, Innovation and Development (AvRID) Secretariat has finalized the first of the four conceptual design stage cycles for the development of the Pakistan Air Force’s Fifth-Generation Fighter Aircraft (FGFA) program.[26]

List Of Chairman PAC Board[]

Chairman PAC Board Tenure Start Tenure End
10. Air Marshal Syed Noman Ali Jan, 2020 Till Date
9. Air Marshal Ahmer Shahzad - Sep, 2017 Jan, 2020
8. Air Marshal Arshad Mehmood Malik - Aug, 2016 Sep, 2017
7. Air Marshal Javaid Ahmed Aug, 2014 Aug, 2016
6. Air Marshal Sohail Gul Khan Jun, 2012 Aug, 2014
5. Air Marshal Farhat Hussain Khan Mar, 2009 Jun, 2012
4. Air Marshal Khalid Choudhry Apr, 2006 Mar, 2009
3. Air Marshal Aurangzeb Khan Jun, 2002 Apr, 2006
2. Air Marshal Pervez A Nawaz Dec, 2000 Jun, 2002
1. Air Marshal Mushaf Ali Mir Sep, 2000 Dec, 2000

Director General PAC Board[]

Director General PAC Board Tenure Start Tenure End
11. Air vice-marshal Mushaf Ali Mir Jan, 1999 Sep, 2000
10. Air marshal Saeed Anwer Jun, 1997 Jan, 1999
9. Air vice-marshal A Rahim Yousafzai Nov, 1994 Jun, 1997
8. Air marshal Dilawar Hussain May, 1993 Nov, 1994
7. Air vice-marshal M Yousaf Khan Jan, 1991 May, 1993
6. Air vice-marshal S K Abbas Zaidi Mar, 1990 Jan, 1991
5. Air vice-marshal Farooq Umer Jul, 1986 Mar, 1990
4. Air vice-marshal M Ajmal Khan Dec, 1984 Jul, 1986
3. Air marshal Iftikhar A Khan May, 1982 Dec, 1984
2. Air vice-marshal Atta I Sheikh Oct, 1981 May, 1982
1. Air marshal Sheikh M Saeed Aug, 1975 Oct, 1981

Products[]

Fighter Aircraft[]

  • PF-X — Stealth multirole jet fighter — Under development under the umbrella of Project Azm.
  • JF-17 Thunder — Multirole jet fighter — Co-production with Chengdu Aerospace Corporation of China.[27]

Trainer Aircraft[]

  • K-8 Karakorum — Intermediate jet trainer & light attack aircraft — Co-production with Hongdu Aviation Industry Group of China.
  • Super Mushshak — Two/three-seat, piston engine, turboprop aircraft for basic training, liaison & light ground attack — Upgraded variant of MFI-17 Mushshak.
  • MFI-17 Mushshak — Turboprop aircraft for basic training — Upgraded variant of MFI-15 Safari.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)[]

  • MALE UCAV — Stealth MALE UCAV — Under development under the umbrella of Project Azm[citation needed].
  • HSTD — High-speed target drone or loitering munition — Under development.[28]
  • Galileo Falco — Surveillance UAV — Production began in August 2009 under license of Selex ES of Italy.[29][30]
  • — A recoverable aerial target designed for use with air defence guns and surface-to-air missile (SAM) systems. It has a very high rate of accuracy.[31]
  • — A small arms target designed for target practice use by operators of small arms, machine guns. Also used to train operators for the larger and faster Baaz Aerial Drone. Can be very effective for recce missions.[32]

Consumer Electronics[]

Retired[]

Services[]

  • Aircraft manufacturing
  • Aircraft overhauling & maintenance
  • Avionics
  • Electronics, radars & sensors
  • Engine overhauling & maintenance
  • Materials
  • System & accessories

See also[]

• PAF Base Minhas

• Kamra, Pakistan

References[]

  1. ^ "Contact Us". www.pac.org.pk. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
  2. ^ "Our Valued Customers". www.pac.org.pk. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c "History". PAC. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b "Introduction". PAC. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
  5. ^ "Collaboration". PAC. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
  6. ^ "Nigeria to buy 10 Super Mushshak from Pakistan". The Express Tribune. 22 October 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  7. ^ "Qatar to buy Super Mushshak". The Express Tribune. 24 June 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  8. ^ "Customers". PAC. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
  9. ^ "Pakistan Aeronautical Complex Kamra - History". www.pac.org.pk. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b c Singh, RSN (2005). Asian strategic and military perspective. New Delhi: Lancer Publishers & Distributors. ISBN 817062245-X. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  11. ^ Singh, R.S.N. (2008). The military factor in Pakistan. New Delhi: Frankfort, IL. ISBN 0-98153789-8. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  12. ^ "Mırage Rebuıld Factory". PAC. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  13. ^ "Thrifty at 50: How the Pakistan Air Force keeps ageing Mirages flying". Dawn. 29 April 2018 – via AFP.
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b "Project ROSE". Grand Strategy. 22 June 2013. Archived from the original on 24 November 2014. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
  15. ^ Pike, John. "Mirage-III and Mirage 5". Global Security. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
  16. ^ Sheikh, Rashid (2001). The story of the Pakistan Air Force, 1988–1998 : a battle against odds. Pakistan: Shaheen Foundation. p. 432. ISBN 978-969855300-5.
  17. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Mirage-III/Mirage-5". PAF Falcon. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
  18. ^ Malik, Sajjad (21 August 2009). "Pak version of drones 'whirrs' into production". Daily Times. Retrieved 21 August 2009.
  19. ^ "Novastar on circuit in Pakistan" (PDF). Mac alliance. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 December 2009. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
  20. ^ "Pakistan JF-17 Jet Completes First Deep Overhaul in China".
  21. ^ Jump up to: a b Khan, Bilal (6 July 2017). "Pakistan Announces 5th-Gen Fighter and Medium-Altitude Long-Endurance UAV Programs". QUWA. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  22. ^ "PAF establishes Aviation City at Aeronautical Complex Kamra". The Nation. 6 July 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  23. ^ "Groundbreaking ceremony of Aviation City held in Kamra". The News International. 6 July 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  24. ^ Khan, Bilal (9 July 2017). "Reviewing Pakistan's Goals For The Kamra Aviation City Initiative". QUWA Defence News and Analysis Group. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  25. ^ Jump up to: a b "Pakistan To Develop Long Endurance Attack Drone". Defence World. 8 July 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  26. ^ Jump up to: a b "Pakıstan makes progress on next-gen fıghter program". Quwa. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
  27. ^ "JF-17 Thunder Aircraft". Pakistan Aeronautical Complex. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  28. ^ "PAC Releases Specifications of It's HSTD". Pakistan Defence. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
  29. ^ "Pakistan Air Force Begins Production of Falco UAV". Airforce Technology. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
  30. ^ "Pakistan to begin co-production of Falco UAV". Flightglobal.com. 26 August 2009. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
  31. ^ [1] Archived 14 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  32. ^ [2] Archived 14 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  33. ^ Jump up to: a b Brummitt, Chris. "Guns and Androids: Pakistan Air Force Making iPads." Associated Press. 17 February 2012.
  34. ^ "eBook 1". Archived from the original on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
  35. ^ "nBook 1". Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
  36. ^ "Overhaul and Repair of aircraft structural parts of F-7P/PG by PAC".

External links[]

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