Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt

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Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt
Pantystockinglogo.png
パンティ＆ストッキングwithガーターベルト
(Panti ando Sutokkingu with Gātāberuto)
GenreAction, comedy[1]
Created byGainax
Manga
Written byTAGRO
Published byKadokawa Shoten
English publisher
ImprintKadokawa Comics Ace
MagazineYoung Ace
DemographicSeinen
Original runAugust 4, 2010 – June 4, 2011
Volumes1
Anime television series
Directed byHiroyuki Imaishi
Produced by
  • Naoshi Imamoto
  • Jun Fukuda
  • Sōichi Tsuji
  • Satoshi Fujita
  • Kazuya Masumoto
  • Natsuki Uetake
  • Tomoko Suzuki
  • Katsumi Yasuda
Written byGeek Fleet
Music by
StudioGainax
Licensed byFunimation[a]
Original networkBS Nittele, TVK, TVQ, Chiba TV, Sun TV, GBS, Tokyo MX, MTV, TV Saitama, AT-X, NND
Original run October 1, 2010 – December 24, 2010
Episodes13 (26 segments) + 1 special (List of episodes)
Wikipe-tan face.svg Anime and manga portal

Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt (Japanese: パンティ＆ストッキングwithガーターベルト, Hepburn: Panti ando Sutokkingu wizu Gātāberuto) is a Japanese anime television series produced by Gainax, as well as a series of tie-in media developed around it. The series ran from October to December 2010 on BS Nittele (a free-to-air satellite service of Nippon Television). In English-speaking areas, the series has been licensed by Funimation for distribution in North America, and Manga Entertainment for the United Kingdom.

Story[]

The show revolves around the exploits of the Anarchy sisters, Panty and Stocking, angels who were kicked out of Heaven due to their bad behavior. They are sent to Daten City—a pun on the Japanese word datenshi (堕天使, lit. "fallen angel")—a place on the border between Heaven and Hell, which is besieged by evil spirits referred to as "Ghosts". The sisters take refuge under the care of the reverend Garterbelt; under his watchful eyes, the sisters are tasked with using their ability to transform their lingerie into weapons, and using them to destroy malicious Ghosts. By doing so, the sisters earn "Heaven Coins" with which they intend to one day buy their way back into Heaven. However, Panty and Stocking are constantly sidetracked by their respective interests in men and sugary sweets.

Development[]

Following the broadcast of Imaishi's previous project, Gurren Lagann, the show's staff went on a trip for rest and relaxation. At that time, they aired their opinions to each other under drunken and humorous circumstances, saying such things as "Next time, I want to try this" in approaches to animation. Almost all of the concepts for the anime were made during the initial trip; the names of main characters, "Panty" and "Stocking", were coined at the very first meeting.[2] Hiromi Wakabayashi, who provided the initial idea for the series, cited American adult animation, such as Drawn Together, as inspiration for the show's crudeness.[3]

Characters[]

Protagonists[]

Panty (パンティ, Panti)
Voiced by: Arisa Ogasawara (Japanese); Jamie Marchi[4] (English)
Panty is a blonde-haired pale-skinned angel whose only interests are looking for men to sleep with and basking in the popularity of being an Anarchy sister. She does not take her Ghost-hunting duties as seriously as her sister Stocking, instead preferring to fulfill her personal goal of having sex with 1,000 men on Earth before returning to Heaven. She has the ability to transform her underwear into a pistol called Backlace (バックレース, Bakkurēsu). She occasionally wields a second Backlace using Stocking's underwear, doubling her firepower and allowing her to combine them into more advanced firearms such as a submachine gun or sniper rifle. She can weaponize male underwear, though the weapon's size and usefulness depends on the size of the original wearer's penis.
Stocking (ストッキング, Sutokkingu)
Voiced by: Mariya Ise (Japanese); Monica Rial[4] (English)
Stocking is a pink-and-violet-haired goth angel with pale skin and a gluttonous appetite for sugary foods. While she doesn't have the same level of interest in sex as her sister, she does show sexual urges and interests and is generally more interested in masochistic activities, such as bondage and electrocution. Her stockings transform into a pair of katanas called Stripe I (ストライプI, Sutoraipu Wan) and Stripe II (ストライプII, Sutoraipu Tsū). She owns a stuffed cat doll called Honekoneko (ホネコネコ, lit. "Bone Kitten"), which changes its facial expressions in accordance to Stocking's mood.
Garterbelt (ガーターベルト, Gātāberuto)
Voiced by: Kōji Ishii (Japanese); Christopher R. Sabat[4] (English)
The reverend of Daten City. He is the Anarchy sisters' guardian. Garterbelt is a large black man with a massive afro. He relays missions from Heaven to Panty and Stocking, practices bondage, and displays interest in young males, particularly Brief, and uses a masked alias called "Master G" to disguise himself while undertaking such hobbies. He is cursed with immortality and forbidden from dying until he fulfills his given task.
Chuck (チャック, Chakku)
Voiced by: Takashi Nakamura (Japanese); Ian Sinclair[4] (English)
Panty and Stocking's sidekick, a green dog-like creature, actually a restrained Bull Ghost, with zippers on his body, who closely resembles the character GIR from Invader Zim.[5] Chuck is subject to mortal injuries. He can only be immobilized by opening the zippers on his head and releasing his brain, a 2-inch tall male demon who is romantically involved with Fastener's brain. He is used by Heaven as a mailbox of sorts, getting struck by lightning and spitting out a piece of paper containing a clue to a Ghost's whereabouts.
Brief (ブリーフ, Burīfu)
Voiced by: Hiroyuki Yoshino (Japanese); Joel McDonald[4] (English)
A self-proclaimed ghost hunter with an interest in science fiction and the supernatural, for which he is nicknamed "Geekboy" by Panty and Stocking. Brief tries acting as the voice of reason for the Anarchy sisters but instead becomes the butt of many jokes in the series. His true identity is Briefers Rock (ブリーファス・ロック, Burīfasu Rokku), the handsome son of head of the Rock Foundation, a large corporation in Daten City. He is the blood kin of Hell's Monkey, whose penis becomes the key to the gates of Hell.

Antagonists[]

Ghosts (ゴースト, Gōsuto)
The monsters of the week in the series, Ghosts are twisted aberrations born from the regrets or suffering of people who have died and become lost in limbo. Panty and Stocking are tasked with their destruction, which allows them to pass on to Heaven, leaving behind Heaven Coins. Although most Ghosts are savage or destructive, some are relatively harmless annoyances or even oppose their true nature and try to live peacefully. Ghosts are usually slain with angelic weapons, but there are other means of destroying them, such as Ghosts killing each other or peacefully accomplishing what they wanted to achieve in life. As a recurring joke, whenever Panty and Stocking defeat a Ghost with their angelic weapons, a paper-mache model of the Ghost is filmed being blown-up.
Scanty (スキャンティ, Sukyanti)
Voiced by: Yuka Komatsu (Japanese); Colleen Clinkenbeard[4] (English)
The older of the Demon sisters, Corset's minion and Panty's arch rival, who oversee the creation of Ghosts in Daten City while acting as the mayor's daughter in public. Scanty is a demon with red skin and green hair and with her sister Kneesocks comes up with schemes to kill or otherwise humiliate the Anarchy sisters. Scanty wears two pairs of underwear that transform into revolvers called Double Gold Lacytanga (ダブル・ゴールド・レーシータンガ, Daburu Gōrudo Rēshītanga), which she can combine into a shotgun.
Kneesocks (ニーソックス, Nīsokkusu)
Voiced by: Ayumi Fujimura (Japanese); Cherami Leigh[4] (English)
The younger of the Demon sisters, Corset's minion and Stocking's arch rival. Kneesocks is a red-skinned demon dressed similarly to her sister but wears glasses and has blue hair worn in a ponytail. Unlike her sister, Kneesocks only has a single horn, on her forehead. She wears two kneesocks that transform into a pair of scythes called Double Gold Spandex (ダブル・ゴールド・スパンデックス, Daburu Gōrudo Supandekkusu).
Fastener (ファスナー, Fasunā)
Voiced by: Miki Makiguchi (Japanese); Christopher Bevins[4] (English)
Scanty and Kneesocks' sidekick, and Chuck's rival. Fastener is a pink rodent-like creature with zippers covering his body. He can only be immobilized by opening the zipper on his head and releasing his brain, a 2-inch tall female demon who is romantically involved with Chuck's brain. He can turn himself inside-out into a Hydra Ghost.
Corset (コルセット, Korusetto)
Voiced by: Shigeru Chiba (Japanese); Chris Ayres[4] (English)
The mayor of Daten City, the superior of Scanty and Kneesocks. Corset is a pale blue-skinned demon with a conical hairstyle who wears various types of BDSM equipment such as buckles, mouth-stretching hooks, and a corset that he frequently tightens.

Media[]

Anime[]

Main article: List of Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt episodes

The television series was animated by Gainax and directed by Hiroyuki Imaishi. The series' animation is done in a distinct style resembling and paying homage to American cartoons, along with the Yoshinori Kanada techniques normally associated with Hiroyuki Imaishi's work. The series has many sexual themes in every episode. The theme of the anime is "vulgar and indecent jokes", with Imaishi saying, "If we are going to do this, we will try it thoroughly."[2]

The series ran from October 1 to December 24, 2010 on BS Nittele, a free-to-air satellite service of Nippon Television.[6] It was also shown on AT-X seven days after the premiere of each episode, and made available online on Nico Nico Channel (a service of Niconico) through the series's own channel a day after AT-X broadcast. On terrestrial television, it was syndicated in eight markets, including a few JAITS members like Tokyo MX, and TVQ, a TXN affiliate in Kyushu. Internationally, the series was made available online on Crunchyroll.[7]

The series was released in six DVD and BD volumes respectively over the course of six months, with the first DVD/BD volume released on December 24, 2010,[8] followed by succeeding volumes near the end of each following month. The fifth volume, released on April 28, 2011, includes a disc-exclusive episode (OVA) compiling eight short stories, some of which are sequels/conclusions to earlier episodes of the series.

On April 14, 2011, North American anime distributor Funimation Entertainment announced their license to the series, which was released on DVD on July 10, 2012.[9] The Blu-ray was released January 15, 2013.[10] The English dub is directed by Colleen Clinkenbeard, with John Burgmeier acting as head writer and Jamie Marchi, Leah Clark, and Jared Hedges serving as episode writers.[11] The first two episodes were made available for streaming on May 22, 2012 for those subscribed to Funimation's Elite Video Subscription service.[12]

Manga Entertainment released the series in the United Kingdom on July 30, 2012,[13] although upon release, faults were discovered on some of the episodes.[14] A corrected version was released on September 10, 2012.[15]

On November 25, 2016, the official Twitter account for Gainax West posted an announcement teaser image featuring silhouettes of Panty and Stocking with the words "Comming [sic] Soon". An announcement for "something new with Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt" was to be made on December 16, 2016, which Gainax West stated would not be a pachinko, pachislot, social network game or Blu-ray.[16][17]

Manga[]

A manga adaptation of the series by Tagro was serialized in Kadokawa Shoten's Young Ace magazine between August 2010 and June 2011.[18] The series was compiled in a single tankōbon volume, released in Japan on June 4, 2011, and was published in English by Dark Horse Comics on May 28, 2015.[19] Another manga illustrated by Hiroyuki Imaishi was serialised in NewType before moving to Monthly Anime Style magazine. Some strips were included in the Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt: Datencity Paparazzi art book, released on June 4, 2011, but the series has not been published in tankōbon format.[20]

Music[]

Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt: The Original Soundtrack
Soundtrack album by
TCY FORCE produced by Taku Takahashi
ReleasedDecember 29, 2010 (2010-12-29)
GenreElectronic, dance
Length1:18:43
Labelflying DOG
ProducerTaku Takahashi

The series' musical score is by TCY Force produced by Taku Takahashi (of M-Flo). The opening theme is "Theme for Panty & Stocking", performed by Hoshina Anniversary. The ending theme is "Fallen Angel", performed by Mitsunori Ikeda and featuring Aimee B. The original soundtrack was released on December 29, 2010.[21][22] A hidden track is on the CD. The special edition of the volume 4 BD/DVD includes a bonus CD containing television edits of certain songs from the official soundtrack, as well as previously unreleased songs.

Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt: The Original Soundtrack
No.TitleWriter(s)ArtistLength
1."Theme for Panty & Stocking"Hoshina AnniversaryHoshina Anniversary0:32
2."Immoral Church"TeddyLoid, Taku TakahashiTeddyLoid, Takahashi0:27
3."Fly Away"TeddyLoidTeddyLoid4:23
4."Daten City"TeddyLoidTeddyLoid0:49
5."Beverly Hills Cock"TakahashiTCY FORCE1:25
6."Pantscada"TeddyLoid, TakahashiTCY FORCE1:59
7."Dancefloor Orgy"TeddyLoidTeddyLoid3:33
8."D City Rock"TeddyLoid, LISATeddyLoid feat. Debra Zeer4:32
9."Juice"TakahashiJun Sasaki1:03
10."EPTM (Booty Bronx Remix)"Hoshina AnniversaryHoshina Anniversary feat. Kodai of KinKieS4:16
11."Cherryboy Riot"TeddyLoidTeddyLoid4:33
12."Technodildo"Hoshina AnniversaryHoshina Anniversary4:30
13."CHOCOLAT"Emyli & TakahashiTCY FORCE feat. Mariya Ise4:06
14."Theme for Scanty & Kneesocks"TeddyLoidTeddyLoid4:13
15."Schranz Chase"Booty BronxBooty Bronx5:23
16."Tenga Step"TCY FORCETCY FORCE2:52
17."See-Through"Hoshina AnniversaryHoshina Anniversary4:47
18."Corset Theme"TeddyLoidTeddyLoid4:34
19."Champion"Emyli, TakahashiTCY FORCE feat. Emyli4:51
20."Fallen Angel" (includes hidden track)LISA and Mitsunori IkedaMitsunori Ikeda feat. Aimee B15:55
Total length:1:18:43
Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt THE WORST ALBUM
Studio album by
TCY FORCE presents TeddyLoid
ReleasedJuly 20, 2011 (2011-07-20)
GenreElectronic, dance
Length1:12:43
Labelflying DOG
ProducerTaku Takahashi

A second album, Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt THE WORST ALBUM, was released on 20 July 2011 and features 24 tracks, including remixes of previous songs from the original anime soundtrack, some new songs, as well as "Cherry Corrida" drama tracks.

Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt THE WORST ALBUM
No.TitleWriter(s)ArtistLength
1."Milky Way"TeddyLoidTeddyLoid feat. Mariya Ise4:45
2."Cherry Corrida I ~cocks gone: the death of a bitch~" (Script by Koji Seko, directed by Yoshikazu Iwanami)Koji SekoTeddyLoid1:13
3."D City Rock (TeddyLoid Live Remix)"TeddyLoidTeddyLoid feat. Debra Zeer6:02
4."Cherry Corrida II ~a case of Garterbelt's loss~" (Script by Koji Seko, directed by Yoshikazu Iwanami)SekoTeddyLoid1:06
5."Fly Away (Taku & TeddyLoid For the Club Edit)" (Mixed by Mitsunori Ikeda, remix and additional production by Taku Takahashi and TeddyLoid)TeddyLoidTeddyLoid5:14
6."S-Trip" (Mixed by Mitsunori Ikeda)Takahashi & TeddyLoidTCY FORCE2:01
7."Cherry Corrida III ~a case of Brief's loss~" (Script by Koji Seko, directed by Yoshikazu Iwanami)SekoTeddyLoid0:43
8."Ghost Town"TeddyLoidTeddyLoid4:06
9."Cherry Corrida IV ~dry bitch and wet goth girl~" (Script by Koji Seko, directed by Yoshikazu Iwanami)SekoTeddyLoid2:07
10."Beverly Hills Cock Part.2" (Mixed by Ikeda)Takahashi & TeddyLoidTCY FORCE1:59
11."Theme For Panty & Stocking (Hoshina Anniversary Remix)"TeddyLoidHoshina Anniversary4:52
12."Cherry Corrida V ~Dmitri Fullchinkov the cock chopper~" (Script by Koji Seko, directed by Yoshikazu Iwanami)SekoTeddyLoid1:08
13."Jumping Mole (Nerdcore Switch)"Booty Bronx, Ikeda & TeddyLoidBooty Bronx, Ikeda & TeddyLoid2:58
14."Cherry Corrida VI ~the advent of angels?~" (Script by Koji Seko, directed by Yoshikazu Iwanami)SekoTeddyLoid0:59
15."Cherryboy Riot Part.2"TeddyLoidTeddyLoid4:24
16."Cherry Corrida VII ~black, huge, solid and stinky~" (Script by Koji Seko, directed by Yoshikazu Iwanami)SekoTeddyLoid0:56
17."Yesline Dub"TeddyLoidTeddyLoid3:46
18."CHOCOLAT (TeddyLoid Remix)"TeddyLoidTCY FORCE feat. Mariya Ise5:30
19."Cherry Corrida VIII ~When You Wish upon a Hole~" (Script by Koji Seko, directed by Yoshikazu Iwanami)SekoTeddyLoid0:41
20."Fly Away (El Poco Maro Dubstep Remix)" (Mixed by Mitsunori Ikeda)TeddyLoidTeddyLoid3:22
21."Cherry Corrida IX ~cock chopper blues or cock fucker rhapsody~" (Script by Koji Seko, directed by Yoshikazu Iwanami)SekoTeddyLoid2:37
22."Champion (TeddyLoid Remix)"TeddyLoidTCY FORCE feat. Emyli5:02
23."Cherry Corrida X ~cocks back: the resurrection of a bitch~" (Script by Koji Seko, directed by Yoshikazu Iwanami)SekoTeddyLoid1:13
24."Fallen Angel (El Poco Maro Drum'n'Bass Remix)"TeddyLoidIkeda feat. Aimee B6:00
Total length:1:12:43

Reception[]

Panty & Stocking received a polarized reaction from critics. Carl Kimlinger of Anime News Network found the show to be "unremittingly revolting" and "generally not funny".[23] Anime News Network's individual episode reviews were equally critical, accusing the series more than once of having a style-over-substance approach and generally flawed, tasteless and needlessly disturbing comedy in spite of its impressive production values.[24] Reviewer Gia Manry found the visuals and sounds to be overwhelming and the writing substandard, ending in a 1 out of 5 score.[25] Critic Jacob Chapman considered the show to be a "mess" with a "poisonous air hanging around [it]" and thoroughly unpleasant to sit through.[26]

However, David Brothers of Comics Alliance claims that the series feels like the result of an unholy union between The Ren & Stimpy Show and Dirty Pair. He recommends it, saying "it's raunchy, gross, a whole lot of fun" and that "the mix of disparate influences and material makes it a refreshingly funny anime, and dumb in a way where you can clearly see the hand of smart, experienced animators at work behind the scenes."[27] Mike LeChevallier of Japanator says that "where plot structure is hit or miss, the pure stylization, soundtrack and memorable characters make this a series one worth watching from start to finish."[28]

In 2019, Polygon named Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt as one of the best anime of the 2010s, stating that it "delivered raunchy, stupid humor in a great animation style",[29] and Crunchyroll listed it in their "Top 100 best anime of the 2010s".[30] IGN also listed Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt among the best anime series of the 2010s, describing it as "an irreverent, entertaining joy-ride with dozens of tributes to western cartoons and a bangin’ soundtrack".[31]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Although Funimation holds the master license rights to the series in Australasia, Europe, and North America, Funimation only directly handles distribution in Canada and the United States while Madman Entertainment distributes the series in Australia and New Zealand, Funimation UK (Manga Entertainment) in Great Britain and Wakanim in Europe and Quebec.

References[]

  1. ^ Yegulalp, Serdar. "Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt". About.com. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b Hiroyuki Imaishi (November 2010). "Young Ace interview" (Interview). Interviewed by Young Ace.
  3. ^ "Gainax at Pixar". Grant Alexander. Archived from the original on December 18, 2013. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Saabedra, Humberto (2012-04-28). "FUNimation Announces "Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt" English Cast and Debut Trailer". Crunchyroll. Retrieved 2014-08-25.
  5. ^ "Invader Zim Creator Comments on Panty & Stocking". Anime News Network. October 5, 2010. Retrieved April 29, 2012.
  6. ^ "Panty & Stocking, Inazuma 11, Agukaru Promos Streamed". Anime News Network. 2010-09-08.
  7. ^ "Crunchyroll Adds Heaven's Lost Property 2, Panty & Stocking, Fortune Arterial (Updated)". Anime News Network. 2010-09-15.
  8. ^ "BD/DVD - Panty＆Stocking with Garterbelt - パンティ＆ストッキングwithガーターベルト- アニメーション公式サイト". Archived from the original on 2010-12-14.
  9. ^ "Funimation Entertainment Acquires Panty and Stocking With Garterbelt". Anime News Network. April 14, 2011.
  10. ^ "Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt Blu-Ray Complete Series (Hyb)". RightStuf.com. Archived from the original on 1 February 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2012.
  11. ^ "FUNimation Entertainment Announces English Language Cast of Panty & Stocking". Anime News Network. April 28, 2012. Retrieved April 29, 2012.
  12. ^ "Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt Hits EVS Early". Official FUNimation Anime Online Community. 22 May 2012. Archived from the original on 25 May 2012. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  13. ^ "Panty & Stocking DVD Details - News". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2014-03-03.
  14. ^ "Manga Entertainment Will Re-Author Faulty Panty & Stocking DVD - News". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2014-03-03.
  15. ^ "Manga Entertainment Updates on Panty and Stocking and Persona 4 - News". Anime News Network. Retrieved 2014-03-03.
  16. ^ "Gainax West Teases Possible Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt Announcement". Anime News Network. 25 November 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  17. ^ GAINAX WEST 公式 [@GAINAX_WEST] (25 November 2016). "And they are not pachinko. Not a pachislot. Not a social network game. Not Blu-ray. It will be officially announced on December 16" (Tweet). Retrieved 25 November 2016 – via Twitter.
  18. ^ "Hen Zemi's Tagro Draws Gainax's Panty & Stocking Manga". Anime News Network. 2010-07-06.
  19. ^ Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt. ASIN 1616557354.
  20. ^ Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt DATENCITY PAPARAZZI. ASIN 404854649X.
  21. ^ "The Original Soundtrack 12月29日発売決定！ - Panty＆Stocking with Garterbelt -パンティ＆ストッキングwithガーターベルト- アニメーション公式サイト". Archived from the original on 2010-11-01.
  22. ^ "ナタリー - ☆Takuアニメ進出「パンティ＆ストッキング」サントラ全貌". 2010-11-28. Retrieved 2010-12-28.
  23. ^ "Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt Blu-Ray - The Complete Series". Anime News Network. April 24, 2013. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
  24. ^ Kimlinger, Carl (October 1, 2010). "Carl Kimlinger - The Fall 2010 Anime Preview Guide". Anime News Network. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
  25. ^ Manry, Gia (October 1, 2010). "Gia Manry - The Fall 2010 Anime Preview Guide". Anime News Network. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
  26. ^ Chapman, Jacob (October 1, 2010). "Hope Chapman - The Fall 2010 Anime Preview Guide". Anime News Network. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
  27. ^ "Panty and Stocking' Are Made Of Sex, Sugar, Spice and Nothing Nice". ComicsAlliance. October 10, 2010.
  28. ^ "Final* Impressions: Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt". Japanator. December 28, 2010.
  29. ^ "The best anime of the decade". Polygon. November 6, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  30. ^ Wolf, Ian (January 24, 2020). "Crunchyroll Names The Top 100 Anime of the 2010s". Anime UK News. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  31. ^ "The Best Anime of the Decade (2010 - 2019)". IGN. January 1, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2020.

External links[]

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