Clade of dinosaurs
PennaraptoransTemporal range:
Middle Jurassic –
Present ,
165–0 Ma
PreꞒ
Ꞓ
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Cast skeleton of Conchoraptor gracilis
House sparrow (Passer domesticus )
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Clade :
Dinosauria
Clade :
Saurischia
Clade :
Theropoda
Clade :
Maniraptoriformes
Clade :
Maniraptora
Clade :
Pennaraptora Foth et al. , 2014
Subgroups
† Oviraptorosauria
Paraves
† Scansoriopterygidae
Pennaraptora (Latin penna "bird feather" + raptor "thief", from rapere "snatch"; a feathered bird-like predator) is a clade defined as the most recent common ancestor of Oviraptor philoceratops , Deinonychus antirrhopus , and Passer domesticus (the house sparrow), and all descendants thereof, by Foth et al. , 2014.[1]
The clade "Aviremigia" was conditionally proposed along with several other apomorphy -based clades relating to birds by Jacques Gauthier and Kevin de Queiroz in a 2001 paper. Their proposed definition for the group was "the clade stemming from the first panavian with ... remiges and rectrices, that is, enlarged, stiff-shafted, closed-vaned (= barbules bearing hooked distal pennulae), pennaceous feathers arising from the distal forelimbs and tail".[2]
See also [ ]
Evolution of birds
Origin of avian flight
Origin of birds
References [ ]
^ Foth, Christian; Tischlinger, Helmut; Rauhut, Oliver (2014). "New specimen of Archaeopteryx provides insights into the evolution of pennaceous feathers". Nature . 511 (7507): 79–82. doi :10.1038/nature13467 . PMID 24990749 .
^ Gauthier, J. and de Queiroz, K. (2001). "Feathered dinosaurs, flying dinosaurs, crown dinosaurs, and the name 'Aves'". Pp. 7-41 in Gauthier, J. and L.F. Gall (eds.), New Perspectives on the Origin and Early Evolution of Birds: Proceedings of the International Symposium in Honor of John H. Ostrom . New Haven: Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University. ISBN 0-912532-57-2 .
Alvarezsauridae
Patagonykinae Parvicursorinae
† Therizinosauria
Therizinosauroidea
Alxasaurus
Beipiaosaurus
Enigmosaurus
Martharaptor
Suzhousaurus
Therizinosauridae
Pennaraptora
Incisivosaurus
Ningyuansaurus
Protarchaeopteryx
Scansoriopterygidae ?
Caudipteridae
Caenagnathidae
Elmisaurinae Caenagnathinae
Oviraptoridae
Oviraptorinae
Citipati
Corythoraptor ?
Huanansaurus ?
Oviraptor
Rinchenia ?
Heyuanninae
Banji ?
Conchoraptor
Ganzhousaurus ?
Gobiraptor
Heyuannia
Jiangxisaurus
Khaan
Machairasaurus
Nemegtomaia
Oksoko
Shixinggia ?
Paraves
† Scansoriopterygidae ?† Anchiornithidae
Anchiornis
Aurornis
Caihong
Eosinopteryx
Ostromia
Pedopenna
Serikornis
Xiaotingia
Yixianosaurus
Eumaniraptora
Eumaniraptora
Dromaeosauridae
Pyroraptor
Shanag
Variraptor
Zhenyuanlong
Unenlagiinae ?
Microraptoria
Changyuraptor
Graciliraptor
Hesperonychus
Microraptor
Sinornithosaurus
Tianyuraptor
Wulong
Zhongjianosaurus
Eudromaeosauria
Averaptora
Averaptora
Overoraptor
Rahonavis ?
† Microraptoria ?
† Troodontidae ?
† Unenlagiidae ?
Avialae
† Archaeopterygidae ?† Jeholornithiformes
Euornithes
Euornithes
Ornithuromorpha
† Antarcticavis ?
† Apatornis
† Cerebavis
† Gallornis
†
† Iaceornis
† Ichthyornis
†
† Limenavis
† Qinornis
† Tingmiatornis
† Hesperornithes
Hesperornithidae
Asiahesperornis
Canadaga
Fumicollis
Hesperornis
Parahesperornis
† Vegaviidae † Cimolopterygidae
Ceramornis
Cimolopteryx
Lamarqueavis ?
Aves / Neornithes
Palaeognathae Neognathae
Pangalloanserae
Panneoaves
Birds (class : Aves)
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