Pentanal
Names | |
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Preferred IUPAC name
Pentanal | |
Other names
Pentanaldehyde
Valeraldehyde Valeric aldehyde | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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ChEBI | |
ChemSpider | |
DrugBank | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.442 |
PubChem CID
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
C5H10O | |
Molar mass | 86.134 g·mol−1 |
Appearance | Clear liquid |
Odor | Strong, acrid, pungent |
Density | 0.8095 at 20 °C |
Melting point | −60 °C (−76 °F; 213 K) |
Boiling point | 102 to 103 °C (216 to 217 °F; 375 to 376 K) |
Very slightly soluble | |
Vapor pressure | 26 mmHg (20° C)[3] |
Hazards | |
Flash point | 12 °C; 54 °F; 285 K [3] |
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |
PEL (Permissible)
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none[3] |
REL (Recommended)
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TWA 50 ppm (175 mg/m3)[3] |
IDLH (Immediate danger)
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N.D.[3] |
Related compounds | |
Related aldehydes
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Butyraldehyde |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
what is ?) | (|
Infobox references | |
Pentanal (also called valeraldehyde) is the organic compound is an alkyl aldehyde, molecular formula C5H10O. It is used in flavorings, resin chemistry, and rubber accelerators.[1] Its smell is described as fermented, bready, fruity, nutty, berry.[4]
Production[]
Pentanal is obtained by hydroformylation of butene. Also C4 mixtures can be used as starting material like the so-called raffinate II, which is produced by steam cracking and contains (Z)- and (E)-2-butene, 1-butene, butane and isobutane. The conversion to the product is accomplished with synthesis gas in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a rhodium-bisphosphite complex and a sterically hindered secondary amine with a selectivity toward pentanal of at least 90%.[5]
Use[]
Pentanal is used in diverse flavors (e. g. fruit flavors) and as a vulcanization accelerator.
is obtained from pentanal by aldol condensation, which is hydrogenated to the saturated branched . This alcohol serves as a starting material for the PVC plasticizer di-2-propylheptyl phthalate (DPHP).
Valeraldehyde is oxidized to give valeric acid.[6]
References[]
- ^ a b Merck Index, 11th Edition, 9813.
- ^ n-Valeraldehyde at chemicalland21.com
- ^ a b c d e NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0652". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ "Valeraldehyde, 110-62-3".
- ^ Patent WO 2009/146985 der Evonik Oxeno GmbH.
- ^ Riemenschneider, Wilhelm (2002). "Carboxylic Acids, Aliphatic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a05_235.
- Alkanals