Pershing House

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Pershing House
Pershing House, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
Pershing House
Fort Sam Houston
Pershing House is located in Texas
Pershing House
Pershing House
LocationStaff Post Rd., Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
 United States
Coordinates29°26′42″N 98°28′10″W / 29.44500°N 98.46944°W / 29.44500; -98.46944Coordinates: 29°26′42″N 98°28′10″W / 29.44500°N 98.46944°W / 29.44500; -98.46944
Area10,830 square feet (1,000 m2)
Built1881
ArchitectAlfred Giles
Architectural styleEarly Texas Victorian
Part ofFort Sam Houston (ID75001950)
NRHP reference No.74002058[1]
Added to NRHPJuly 30, 1974

Pershing House is located on Fort Sam Houston, in Bexar County, San Antonio, Texas. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings on July 30, 1974.[2] After Texas was admitted to the Union in 1845, the United States Army became a steady presence in what was then designated the Department of Texas,[3] providing a line of defense during both the 1846–48 Mexican–American War, and the Texas–Indian wars that ended with the 1875 surrender of Comanche chief Quanah Parker at Fort Sill, Oklahoma.[2] The Department of Texas continued to be an official military department until the early 20th Century.[3]

Following the end of the American Civil War, the United States Department of War accepted an offer from San Antonio for three parcels of land on which the Army would construct Fort Sam Houston. The site and its surrounding area would come to be known as Government Hill.[2] Edward Braden Construction began work on the project in 1876. Architect Alfred Giles (1853–1920) designed the staff quarters, including the commanding general's quarters.[2] The 10,830 square feet (1,000 m2), two-story house has eleven rooms and six and one half baths. In various phases during the 20th century, improvements included an enclosed porch and upgrades to plumbing, electricity and air conditioning.[4] Constructed in 1881 at a cost of $17,076 (equivalent to $457,931 in 2020), it was originally designated as "Quarters No. 6, Staff Post".[5]

While under its original name, the house would become the residence of 16 commanding officers . Those who called it home were some of the most accomplished leaders in the United States Army prior to their being given charge of the base. The first occupant of the house was Major General Christopher C. Augur, a West Point graduate and veteran of numerous military conflicts, including the Mexican–American War and the Civil War.[6] Numerous Medal of Honor recipients have lived in the house.[4]

The house has been referred to by its current name since John J. Pershing served as the base Commandant in 1917. He had been transferred to Fort Sam Houston from Fort Bliss, following his participation in the Pancho Villa Expedition. Pershing would only be at Fort Sam Houston for two months before being given charge of the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe.[7] He was one of the architects of the Treaty of Versailles. Pershing held the rank of five-star General of the Armies. The only other American to hold that rank was George Washington.[8]

The names of all the occupants appear on a plaque presented to Fort Sam Houston by Julia Cotton White, wife of base commandant General Isaac D. White. The plaque continued to be updated as an historical record of who lived there. Mrs. White died in 1989, but the names on the plaque were completed by subsequent residents through the last occupant in 1973.[4]

Residents of Pershing House[]

Key to military ranks[]

Key to burial sites[]

ANC Arlington National Cemetery CC Congressional Cemetery FB Fort Bliss National Cemetery
FSH Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery FSPC Fort Sill Post Cemetery LVC Lake View Cemetery
MAG Magnolia Cemetery MAN Mansfield Cemetery OC Oakwood Cemetery
SFNC San Francisco National Cemetery SB Santa Barbara Cemetery SMEC St. Mary's Episcopal Churchyard
SAHNC United States Soldiers' and Airmen's Home National Cemetery WP West Point Cemetery

Residents[]

Fort Sam Houston commandants who lived at Pershing House
Residency Name Rank Image Birth–Death Burial site Notes Refs
1881–83 Christopher C. Augur BG Christopher Augur (1821–1898) ANC Veteran of the Civil War. Known primarily for his burning of Native American villages during the Texas Red River War, frequently in conjunction with the military actions of Ranald S. Mackenzie. [9]
1883 Ranald S. Mackenzie BG
—
 (1840–1899) WP Union general during the Civil war, fought in numerous Texas–Indian wars. [10]
1883–84 John M. Schofield LG John M. Schofield (1831–1906) ANC Medal of Honor for action at the August 10, 1861 Battle of Wilson's Creek [11][12]
1884–1892 David S. Stanley BG David S. Stanley (1828–1902) SAHNC Medal of Honor for action November 30, 1864 Battle of Franklin [11][13]
1892–95 Frank Wheaton MG
—
 (1833–1903) ANC Served in the Civil War and Indian Wars. He also was military commander over south Texas during the Garza Revolution. Inducted into the Rhode Island Heritage Hall of Fame. [14][15]
1895–97 Zenas R. Bliss MG Zenas R. Bliss (1835–1900) ANC Medal of Honor for actions at the 1862 Battle of Fredericksburg [16][17]
1897–98 William Montrose Graham, Jr. MG William Montrose Graham, Jr. (1834–1916) CC Peninsula Campaign, Battle of Antietam, Battle of Gettysburg, Battle of Malvern Hill, Spanish–American War [18]
1899–1901 Chambers McKibbin BG
—
 (1841–1918) ANC Brigadier General of volunteers and conscripts, Spanish-American War [19][20][21]
1902–1904 Frederick Dent Grant MG Frederick Dent Grant (1850–1912) WP Son of Ulysses S. Grant. U.S. Minister to Austria-Hungary (1889–1893). Commissioner of Police of New York City (1895–1897). [22][23][24]
1904–1906 Jesse M. Lee BG
—
 (1843–1926) ANC Served in the Civil War. Escorted Chief Crazy Horse for his surrender at Fort Robinson. Spanish-American War, Philippine Insurrection, Boxer Rebellion. [25][26][27]
1906–1907 William S. McCaskey MG
—
 (1843–1914) SFNC Enlisted at the start of the Battle of Fort Sumter. Participated in Sherman's March to the Sea. [28][29]
1907–1910 Albert L. Myer BG
—
 (1846–1914) OC Appointed temporary Mayor of Ponce, Puerto Rico , during the United States Puerto Rico campaign [5]
1910–1911 Ralph Wilson Hoyt BG Ralph Wilson Hoytalt=Ralph Wilson Holt (1849–1920) LVC 1911 Commander of the Department of the Lakes [30]
1911–1912 BG
—
 (1853–1912) ANC Commanding officer at the capture of , Philippine Islands, 6–8 Mar 1906 [31]
1913–1915 Tasker H. Bliss CSA Tasker H. Blilss (1853–1930) ANC Later served as Army Chief of Staff, he retired in 1917, but was recalled by President Woodrow Wilson to serve on the Supreme War Council. [32]
1915–1917 Frederick Funston MG Frederick Funston (1865–1917) SFNC Medal of Honor for April 27, action at 1899 Calumpit, Luzon, Philippine Islands [33]
1917 John J. Pershing GA John J. Pershing (1860–1948) ANC Arrived February 1917, departed May 2 to take charge of American Expeditionary Forces in Europe [7][8]
1917 James Parker MG James Parker (1854–1934) SMEC Medal of Honor for actions on December 4, 1899, during the Philippine–American War [34][35]
1917–1918 John Wilson Ruckman MG
—
 (1858–1921) WP He presided over the trial of 156 black soldiers following the Houston riot of 1917. He ordered the verdicts kept secret, with no appeals. Relieved of command May 1918. [36]
1918 Willard Ames Holbrook MG Willard Ames Holbrook (1860–1932) ANC Graduate of US Military Academy, served during the Philippine insurrection, Civil Governor of the province of Antique Panay in the Philippines [37][38][39]
1918–1919 DeRosey Caroll Cabell MG DeRosey C. Cabell (1861–1924) SFNC Mexican Border Command [40]
1919–1921 Joseph T. Dickman MG Joseph T. Dickman (1857–1927) ANC Commanding General, Southern Dept. and VIII Corps Area [41][42]
1921–1922 John L. Hines CSA John Hines (1868–1968) ANC Veteran of the Spanish–American War and the Philippine–American War [43]
1922–1924 Edward Mann Lewis MG Edward Mann Lewis (1863–1949) SFNC Commander 8th Corps; served in the Spanish–American War, Philippine–American War and Moro Rebellion; provided support during the 1906 San Francisco earthquake [44]
1924–1928 Ernest Hinds MG Ernest Hinds (1864–1941) FSH Chief of Artillery for the American Expeditionary Forces during World War I; Commander 2nd Division and United States Army Field Artillery School [45]
1924–1925 Charles Pelot Summerall 4SG Charles Pelot Summerall (1867–1955) ANC Chief of Staff of the United States Army 1926–1930; president of The Citadel 1931–1953 [46]
1928 MG
—
 (1864–1934) ANC Veteran of the Wounded Knee Massacre [47][48]
1928–1930 William Lassiter MG William Lassiter (1867–1959) SB Spanish–American War, World War I, and Occupation of Veracruz, Occupation of the Rhineland [49]
1930–1933 Ernest B. Winans MG Ernest B. Wimans (1869–1947) WP WW I, Pancho Villa Expedition, Philippine–American War [50]
1933–1934 Johnson Hagood MG Johnson Hagood (1873–1948) MAG Spanish–American War, World War I [51]
1936 Frank Parker MG Frank Parker (1872–1947) MAN Spanish–American War, World War I [52][53]
1936–1940 Herbert Jay Brees LG Herbert Ja Brees (1877–1958) FSH Spanish–American Warr, World War I [54]
1941–1942 Walter Krueger 4SG Walter Kruger (1881–1967) ANC Spanish–American War, Philippine–American War, Mexican Revolution, World War I, World War II [55]
1942–1943 Courtney Hodges 4SG Courtney Hodges (1887–1966) ANC Commanded First U.S. Army in the Western European Campaign of World War II [56]
1944 William Hood Simpson 4SG William Hood Simpson (1898–1990) ANC Commanding General of the Ninth United States Army in northwest Europe during World War II [57]
1944–1945 John P. Lucas MG John P. Lucas (1890–1949) ANC Commander of VI Corps during the Battle of Anzio (Operation Shingle) in the Italian Campaign of World War II [58]
1945 Alexander Patch 4SG Alexander Patch (1889–1945) WP World War II, commander U.S. Army and Marine Corps forces during the Guadalcanal Campaign in the Pacific, and the Seventh Army on the Western Front in Europe [59]
1946–1947 Jonathan M. Wainwright 4SG Jonathan M. Wainwright (1883–1953) ANC World War II Commander of Allied forces during the fall of the Philippines [60]
1947–1949 Thomas T. Handy 4SG Thomas T. Handy (1892–1982) ANC World War I and World War II, United States Army Europe, US European Command, Fourth United States Army, 78th Field Artillery Regiment. [61]
1949–1952 LeRoy Lutes LG LeRoy Lutes (1890–1980) ANC World War I, World War II, commanding general of the Fourth United States Army [62]
1952–1953 William M. Hoge 4SG William M. Hoge (1894–1979) ANC DSM and Silver Star for heroism under fire during World War I; also served in World War II and the Korean War. [63]
1953 John E. Dahlquist 4SG John E. Dahlquist (1896–1975) ANC World War II, Cold War, overuse of the Japanese-American 442nd Regimental Combat Team (442nd RCT) led to them being the most highly decorated unit in the history of the US Armed Forces [64]
1953–1955 Isaac D. White 4SG Isaac D. White (1901–1990) Unknown Commanded the United States Army Pacific (USARPAC) from July 1957 to March 1961 [65]
1955–1958 John Howell Collier LG Howell Collier (1899–1980) FSH Commander of 2nd Armored Division units in World War II and as the Army's Chief of Armor [66]
1958–1959 Guy S. Meloy, Jr. 4SG Gus S. Meloy (1903–1964) ANC World War II and Korean War veteran, and served as commander of all U.S. forces in Korea during the Cold War [67]
1959–1961 Edward Thomas Williams LG Edward Thomas Williams (1901–1973) FSH Chief of artillery for the Third United States Army in Europe during World War II, commander of the United States Army Field Artillery Center, and commander of the Fourth United States Army [68]
1961–1962 Donald Prentice Booth LG Donald Prentice Booth (1902–1993) ANC United States Army's youngest World War II theater commander; post-World War II commands of the 28th Infantry Division, the 9th Infantry Division and the Fourth United States Army; High Commissioner of the Ryukyu Islands from 1958 to 1961. [69]
1962–64 LG
—
 (1905–1984) FSH DSM for 1952-1964, as Commander 7th Infantry Division during the Korean War. Deputy Congressional Military Committee and Standing Group of NATO; director J13 operations United States European Command [70][71][72]
1964–66 Robert Wesley Colglazier, Jr. LG
—
 (1904–1993) FSH He was the highest-ranking member of the Army Reserve on duty with the Regular Army in the 1960s, and as commander of the Fourth United States Army. In the 1950s and 1960s, Colglazier was recognized as one of the military's foremost experts on logistics management. [73][74]
1966–1967 Thomas W. Dunn LG
—
 (1908–1983) WP Commanding general of Fourth United States Army at Fort Sam Houston, Texas [75]
1967–1968 Lawrence Joseph Lincoln LG
—
 (1909–2000) ANC Distinguished Service Medal for services to the War Department during World War II [76]
1968–1971 Harry H. Critz LG
—
 (1912–1982) FSPC Service in Europe until 1948, returning to Fort Sill. Korean War in 1953 and 1954. Commander of the U.S. Army Field Artillery Center, Fort Sill [77][78]
1971 George G. O'Connor LG
—
 (1914–1971) WP Commander of the 9th Infantry Division during the Vietnam War and of the VII Corps in West Germany and the Fourth United States Army [79]
1971 George V. Underwood, Jr. 4SG George V. Underwood, Jr. (1913–1984) FB Multiple tours of duty in San Franicsco, Hawaii and China. Assistant to the Special Representative of China envoy General George C. Marshall.1966 Commanding General, 32d Artillery Brigade, in Kaiserslautern, Germany [80]
1971–1973 Patrick F. Cassidy LG
—
 (1915–1990) FSH World War II veteran, commander of Fifth United States Army. Commander of escorts for the memorial service for former President Harry S. Truman at Washington National Cathedral [81]

See also[]

References[]

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