Preston (UK Parliament constituency)
Preston | |
---|---|
Borough constituency for the House of Commons | |
![]() Boundary of Preston in Lancashire | |
![]() Location of Lancashire within England | |
County | Lancashire |
Electorate | 55,937 (December 2018)[1] |
Major settlements | Preston |
Current constituency | |
Created | 1983 |
Member of Parliament | Sir Mark Hendrick (Labour) |
Number of members | One |
Created from | Preston North, Preston South |
1529–1950 | |
Number of members | Two |
Replaced by | Preston North, Preston South |
1295–1311 (at the earliest) | |
Number of members | Two |
Replaced by | Preston (see above) |
Preston is a constituency[n 1] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2000 by Sir Mark Hendrick, a member of the Labour Party and Co-operative Party.[n 2]
History[]
- 1295–1950
The seat was created for the Model Parliament and sent members until at least 1331 until a new (possibly confirmatory) grant of two members to Westminster followed. From 1529 extending unusually beyond the 19th century until the 1950 general election the seat had two-member representation. Party divisions tended to run stronger after 1931 before which two different parties' candidates frequently came first and second at elections under the bloc vote system.
In 1929, a recently elected Liberal, Sir William Jowitt decided to join the Labour Party and called for a by-election (which implies a single vacancy) to support this change of party, which he won, to take up for two years the position of Attorney General of England and Wales as part of the Government. He became the highest judge during the Attlee Ministry, the Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain and Speaker of the House of Lords under a then hereditary-dominated House leading to a Conservative majority. Consequently, he was selected to be elevated to a peerage as 1st Earl Jowitt. With no sons, he was to be the last Earl and wrote the .
- 1950–1983
Preston was abolished as a constituency by the House of Commons (Redistribution of Seats) Act 1949 being replaced by Preston North and Preston South constituencies.
- 1983–present
The representatives since the seat's revival after 33 years of being split between (larger area) North and South seats have all been members of the Labour Party.
The member from 1987 to 2000 was Audrey Wise, a member of the Socialist Campaign Group and reformer of maternity healthcare in opposition on the Select Committee.
Boundaries[]
1983–1997: The Borough of Preston wards of Ashton, Avenham, Brookfield, Central, Deepdale, Fishwick, Ingol, Larches, Moorbrook, Park, Ribbleton, St John's, St Matthew's, and Tulketh.
1997–2010: The Borough of Preston wards of Ashton, Avenham, Brookfield, Central, Deepdale, Fishwick, Larches, Moor Park, Ribbleton, Riversway, St Matthew's, and Tulketh, and the Borough of South Ribble wards of Bamber Bridge Central, Bamber Bridge South, and Walton-le-Dale.
2010–present: The City of Preston wards of Ashton, Brookfield, Deepdale, Fishwick, Ingol, Larches, Moor Park, Ribbleton, Riversway, St George's, St Matthew's, Town Centre, Tulketh, and University.
The composition of the Preston constituency was confirmed in time for the 2010 United Kingdom general election as part of the Fifth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies. While it previously crossed the River Ribble to include Bamber Bridge and Walton-le-Dale from South Ribble District, the seat now falls within the City boundaries.
History[]
In the late 19th Century the boundaries of the two-member Preston constituency were described as comprising:[2]
...[T]he old Borough of Preston, the township of Fishwick, so much of the Municipal Borough as is not included in the Parliamentary Borough, the Local Government District of Fulwood, and so much of the parishes of Lea, Ashton, Ingol, and Cotham {sic}, and Penwortham, as will be added to the Municipal Borough of Preston on June 1st, 1889
In the Representation of the People Act, 1918 the boundaries of the two-member constituency were described as the:
County borough of Preston and urban district of Fulwood:[3]
The single seat of Preston formed from 1918 until 1949 was created by the County Borough of Preston and Urban District of Fulwood. From the general election of 1950 to the 1983 Preston was divided into the constituencies of Preston North and Preston South. In time for the 1983 general election, the boundaries on which the current seat is drawn were confirmed. The northern, Fulwood area, was divided between Fylde and Ribble Valley.
Changes for 2010[]
The ward of Lea is within the constituency of Fylde.
The wards of Preston Rural North, Preston Rural East and the Fulwood wards (Cadley, College, Garrison, Greyfriars and Sharoe Green) are within the constituency of Wyre and Preston North. By the end of the review, the newly recommended Preston constituency had the smallest number of voters of an English constituency based on 2006 electorates.[4]
Modifications in 2018[]
The Local Government Boundary Commission for England modified Preston City Council's ward boundaries in 2018, which in some minor cases altered which wards crossed the Parliamentary boundary of Preston. Due to the changes, the constituency of Preston, as of 2018, is made from:
In full: Ashton, Brookfield, City Centre, Deepdale, Fishwick and Frenchwood, Plungington, Ribbleton, St Matthews. In part: Cadley (shared with Wyre and Preston North), Ingol and Cottam (shared with Fylde), Lea and Larches (shared with Fylde),
Members of Parliament[]
MPs 1295–1640[]
Parliament | First member | Second member |
---|---|---|
1295 | Adam Russel | |
1298 | ||
1300/1 | ||
1304/5 | ||
1306/7 | ||
1307 | ||
1326/7 | ||
1327 (Nov) | ||
1328/9 (Feb) | ||
1330 (Nov) | ||
1331 (Sep) | ||
1331–1529 | No returns | |
1529 | Cristoferus Heydock | James Walton[5] |
1536–1545 | No returns | |
1545 | Sir Ralph Sadler | John Bourne[5] |
1547 | George Frevil | John Hales[5] |
1552/3 (Mar) | Anthony Browne | Thomas Fleetwood[5] |
1553 (Oct) | William Gerard | Anthony Browne[5] |
1554 (Apr) | Thomas Ruthall | Willielmus Berners[5] |
1554 (Nov) | [5] | |
1555 | John Arundell | [5] |
1557/8 | Robert Southwell[5] | |
1559 (Jan) | Francis Goldsmith, sat for Helston, repl, by Richard Cooke[6] | |
1562/3 | James Hodgkinson[6] | |
1571 | Edward Baeshe | Reginald Williams[6] |
1572 | James Hodgkinson | George Horsey[6] |
1584 (Nov) | William Fleetwood | Thomas Cromwell[6] |
1586 | John Brograve | Sir Thomas Hesketh[6] |
1588 (Oct) | Sir Thomas Hesketh | [6] |
1593 | James Dalton | [6] |
1597 (Oct) | John Brograve | Sir John Stanhope[6] |
1601 (Oct) | John Brograve | William Waad[6] |
1604-1611 | Sir Vincent Skinner | |
1614 | Sir Edward Mosley | Henry Banister |
1621-1622 | Sir Edward Mosley | Sir William Pooley |
1624 | Sir Edward Mosley | Sir William Pooley, sat for Sudbury, repl. by Sir William Hervey |
1625 | Sir William Hervey | Henry Banister |
1626 | George Garrard | Thomas Fanshawe |
1628 | Robert Carre | George Garrard |
1629-1640 | No Parliaments summoned |
MPs 1640–1950[]
Year | First member[7] | First party | Second member[7] | Second party | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
April 1640 | Richard Shuttleworth | Parliamentarian | Thomas Standish | Parliamentarian | ||
November 1640 | ||||||
November 1642 | Standish died November 1642 - seat vacant | |||||
1645 | William Langton | |||||
December 1648 | Shuttleworth excluded in Pride's Purge - seat vacant | Langton not recorded as sitting after Pride's Purge | ||||
1653 | Preston was unrepresented in the Barebones Parliament | |||||
1654 | Colonel Richard Shuttleworth | Preston had only one seat in the First and Second Parliaments of the Protectorate | ||||
1656 | ||||||
January 1659 | Colonel Richard Standish | |||||
May 1659 | Not represented in the restored Rump | |||||
April 1660 | Alexander Rigby | Richard Standish | ||||
August 1660 | ||||||
1661 | ||||||
1667 | ||||||
February 1679 | Sir Robert Carr | |||||
April 1679 | ||||||
1681 | Sir Robert Carr | Sir Gervase Elwes | ||||
April 1685 | Sir Thomas Chicheley[8] | |||||
June 1685 | Hon. Andrew Newport | Tory | ||||
1689 | James Stanley | |||||
March 1690 | Lord Willoughby de Eresby | |||||
December 1690 | ||||||
1695 | Sir Thomas Stanley | Thomas Molyneux | ||||
1698 | ||||||
January 1701 | ||||||
December 1701 | Thomas Molyneux | |||||
1702 | Sir Cyril Wyche | |||||
1705 | Francis Annesley | |||||
1706 | Arthur Maynwaring | |||||
1708 | Henry Fleetwood | |||||
1710 | Sir Henry Hoghton | |||||
1713 | Edward Southwell | |||||
1715 | Sir Henry Hoghton | |||||
1722 | Daniel Pulteney | |||||
1727 | Sir Henry Hoghton | |||||
1732 | Nicholas Fazackerley | |||||
1741 | James Shuttleworth | |||||
1754 | ||||||
1767 | Sir Peter Leicester | |||||
April 1768[9] | ||||||
November 1768 | Brigadier John Burgoyne[10] | Whig | Sir Henry Hoghton | Tory[11] | ||
1792 | Non-partisan[11] | |||||
1795 | Sir Henry Hoghton | Whig[11] | ||||
1796 | Edward Smith-Stanley | Whig[11] | ||||
1802 | John Horrocks | Tory[11] | ||||
1804 | Tory[11] | |||||
1812 | Edmund Hornby | Whig[11] | ||||
1826 | Hon. Edward Smith-Stanley | Whig[11] | John Wood | Whig[11] | ||
December 1830 | Henry Hunt | Radical[11] | ||||
1832 | (Sir) Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood | Conservative[11] | Hon. Henry Smith-Stanley | Whig[11] | ||
1837 | Whig[11][12][13] | Robert Townley Parker | Conservative[11] | |||
1841 | Sir George Strickland | Whig[11][12][13][14][15][16] | ||||
1847 | Charles Grenfell | Whig[17][18][19] | ||||
1852 | Robert Townley Parker | Conservative[11] | ||||
1857 | Charles Grenfell | Whig[17][18][19] | R. A. Cross | Conservative | ||
1859 | Liberal | |||||
Sir Thomas Hesketh[20] | Conservative | |||||
1865 | Hon. Frederick Stanley | Conservative | ||||
1868 | Edward Hermon | Conservative | ||||
1872 by-election | (Sir) John Holker | Conservative | ||||
1881 by-election | William Farrer Ecroyd | Conservative | ||||
Henry Cecil Raikes | Conservative | |||||
(Sir) William Tomlinson[21] | Conservative | |||||
1885 | Robert William Hanbury | Conservative | ||||
John Kerr | Conservative | |||||
1906 | John Thomas Macpherson | Labour | Harold Cox | Liberal | ||
January 1910 | Major the Hon. George Stanley | Conservative | Alfred Tobin | Conservative | ||
1915 by-election | Urban H. Broughton | Conservative | ||||
1918 | Thomas Shaw | Labour | ||||
1922 | James Hodge | Liberal | ||||
1924 | Alfred Ravenscroft Kennedy | Conservative | ||||
1929 | Sir William Jowitt | Liberal | ||||
1929 by-election | Labour | |||||
1931 | Adrian Moreing | Conservative | William Kirkpatrick | Conservative | ||
1936 by-election | Edward Cobb | Conservative | ||||
1940 by-election | Randolph Churchill | Conservative | ||||
1945 | John William Sunderland | Labour | Samuel Segal | Labour | ||
1946 by-election | Edward Shackleton | Labour |
MPs since 1983[]
Election | Member[7] | Party | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1983 | Stan Thorne | Labour | Previously MP for Preston South 1974-1983 | |
1987 | Audrey Wise | Labour | Previously MP for Coventry South West 1974–1979. Died September 2000 | |
2000 by-election | Sir Mark Hendrick | Labour and Co-operative | Became a Knight Bachelor in 2018 New Year Honours |
Overview[]
Representatives have sat in Parliament for Preston for nearly 800 years, the first recorded names being Willielmus fil' Pauli and Adam Russel. Prior to being reformed as "Preston" in 1983, the former Preston North and Preston South seats were amongst the most marginal in the country - in 1979, Conservative Robert Atkins won Preston North by 29 votes.
With the suburban, middle class former Fulwood Urban District area within Ribble Valley (and from 2010 Wyre and Preston North), the southern portion has awarded MPs with much healthier and secure majorities. Almost all of Preston's representatives from 1915 to 1950, and since its recreation as a single constituency in 1983, have been Labour candidates.
Between 1918 and 1949, the two-seat constituency of Preston was formed by the County Borough of Preston and the Urban District of Fulwood. In 1997, Audrey Wise secured a majority of over 18,000. The collapse of the Conservative vote - 10 percentage points down from 1992 - was firmly with the pattern of the Tory fortunes in that year.
The death of Audrey Wise in 2000 triggered a by-election. At that Preston by-election, Mark Hendrick, former Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Lancashire Central constituency with Preston at its heart, secured a victory with a 4,400 majority. The surprise of the night was the result of the fledgling Socialist Alliance, for whom Terry Cartright saved his deposit.
Less than a year later, the 2001 general election returned Mark Hendrick with a much healthier 12,200 majority, up against South Ribble councillor Graham O'Hare for the Conservatives and the then local Liberal Democrat leader Bill Chadwick. In real terms, all three main parties lost support from 1997 - Labour down by over 8,000 votes, Conservatives reduced by over 2,200 and Lib Dems 2,300 lower. One notable candidate in 2001 was David Braid, also a candidate in a number of other seats that year, who had been the "Battle for Britain" candidate in the previous year's by-election.
The 2005 general election was notable for the changes in share of the vote of the minor parties. The first ever Respect candidate, local councillor Michael Lavalette, firmly saved his deposit with nearly 7% of the vote. The Liberal Democrats had chosen former Conservative County Councillor William Parkinson, and had their best result since 1997. Fiona Bryce for the Conservatives, remained in second place seeing her share of the vote remain stable despite the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) polling over 1,000 votes. Mark Hendrick secured another term as MP, although his vote total was 3,000 less than 2001 and 12,000 less than Audrey Wise in 1997.
Labour continued to represent Preston at the elections of 2010, 2015, and 2017. Whilst Mark Hendrick secured less than 50% of the votes cast in 2010, the first time this has occurred at a Preston election since 1983, subsequent results had much stronger Labour majorities. Second place went back to the Conservative Party, regaining from the Liberal Democrats who took second place for the first time in 2010.
Elections[]
Elections in the 2010s[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Mark Hendrick | 20,870 | 61.8 | -6.2 | |
Conservative | Michele Scott | 8,724 | 25.8 | +2.0 | |
Brexit Party | Rob Sherratt | 1,799 | 5.3 | New | |
Liberal Democrats | Neil Darby | 1,737 | 5.1 | +1.7 | |
Green | Michael Welton | 660 | 2.0 | +1.0 | |
Majority | 12,146 | 35.9 | -8.2 | ||
Turnout | 33,790 | 56.6 | -5.0 | ||
Labour hold | Swing | -4.1 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Mark Hendrick | 24,210 | 68.0 | +12.0 | |
Conservative | Kevin Beaty | 8,487 | 23.8 | +4.0 | |
UKIP | Simon Platt | 1,348 | 3.8 | -11.6 | |
Liberal Democrats | Neil Darby | 1,204 | 3.4 | -0.3 | |
Green | Anne Power | 348 | 1.0 | -3.9 | |
Majority | 15,723 | 44.2 | +8.2 | ||
Turnout | 35,597 | 61.6 | +5.8 | ||
Labour hold | Swing | +4.0 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Mark Hendrick | 18,755 | 56.0 | +7.8 | |
Conservative | Richard Holden | 6,688 | 20.0 | −1.7 | |
UKIP | James Barker | 5,139 | 15.4 | +10.9 | |
Green | Gemma Christie | 1,643 | 4.9 | New | |
Liberal Democrats | Jo Barton | 1,244 | 3.7 | −20.7 | |
Majority | 12,067 | 36.0 | +12.2 | ||
Turnout | 33,469 | 55.8 | +3.8 | ||
Labour hold | Swing | +4.75 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Mark Hendrick | 15,668 | 48.2 | −2.3 | |
Liberal Democrats | Mark Jewell | 7,935 | 24.4 | +7.7 | |
Conservative | Nerissa Warner-O'Neill | 7,060 | 21.7 | −1.2 | |
UKIP | Richard Muirhead | 1,462 | 4.5 | +1.4 | |
Christian | George Ambroze | 272 | 0.8 | New | |
Independent | Krishna Tayya | 108 | 0.3 | New | |
Majority | 7,733 | 23.8 | -3.8 | ||
Turnout | 32,505 | 52.0 | −1.8 | ||
Labour hold | Swing | −5.0 |
Elections in the 2000s[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Mark Hendrick | 17,210 | 50.5 | −6.5 | |
Conservative | Fiona J. Bryce | 7,803 | 22.9 | −0.1 | |
Liberal Democrats | William R. Parkinson | 5,701 | 16.7 | +3.5 | |
Respect | Michael Lavalette | 2,318 | 6.8 | New | |
UKIP | Ellen Boardman | 1,049 | 3.1 | New | |
Majority | 9,407 | 27.6 | -5.6 | ||
Turnout | 34,081 | 53.8 | +4.6 | ||
Labour hold | Swing | −3.2 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Mark Hendrick | 20,540 | 57.0 | −3.8 | |
Conservative | Graham O'Hare | 8,272 | 23.0 | +1.1 | |
Liberal Democrats | William Chadwick | 4,746 | 13.2 | −1.5 | |
Independent | Bilal Patel | 1,241 | 3.4 | New | |
Green | Richard Merrick | 1,019 | 2.8 | N/A | |
Independent | David Franklin-Braid | 223 | 0.6 | N/A | |
Majority | 12,268 | 34.0 | -4.9 | ||
Turnout | 36,041 | 49.2 | −16.6 | ||
Labour hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Mark Hendrick | 9,765 | 45.7 | -15.1 | |
Conservative | Graham O'Hare | 5,339 | 25.0 | +3.1 | |
Liberal Democrats | Bill Chadwick | 3,454 | 16.2 | +1.5 | |
Socialist Alliance | Terry Cartwright | 1,210 | 5.7 | New | |
UKIP | Gregg Beaman | 458 | 2.1 | New | |
Green | Richard Merrick | 441 | 2.1 | New | |
CPA | Peter Garrett | 416 | 2.0 | New | |
BNP | Chris Jackson | 229 | 1.1 | New | |
Independent | David Franklin-Braid | 51 | 0.2 | New | |
Majority | 4,426 | 20.7 | -18.2 | ||
Turnout | 21,363 | 29.4 | -36.4 | ||
Labour hold | Swing |
Elections in the 1990s[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Audrey Wise | 29,220 | 60.8 | +6.5 | |
Conservative | Paul S. Gray | 10,540 | 21.9 | −5.9 | |
Liberal Democrats | William Chadwick | 7,045 | 14.7 | −2.5 | |
Referendum | John C. Porter | 924 | 1.9 | New | |
Natural Law | John Ashforth | 345 | 0.7 | +0.0 | |
Majority | 18,680 | 38.9 | +12.4 | ||
Turnout | 48,074 | 65.8 | -5.9 | ||
Labour hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Audrey Wise | 24,983 | 54.3 | +1.8 | |
Conservative | Simon G. O'Toole | 12,808 | 27.8 | −0.7 | |
Liberal Democrats | William Chadwick | 7,897 | 17.2 | −1.8 | |
Natural Law | Janet Aycliffe | 341 | 0.7 | New | |
Majority | 12,175 | 26.5 | +2.5 | ||
Turnout | 46,029 | 71.7 | +0.7 | ||
Labour hold | Swing | +1.3 |
Elections of the 1980s[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Audrey Wise | 23,341 | 52.5 | +5.8 | |
Conservative | Raj Chandran | 12,696 | 28.5 | −3.3 | |
Liberal | John Wright | 8,452 | 19.0 | −2.5 | |
Majority | 10,645 | 24.0 | +9.1 | ||
Turnout | 44,489 | 71.0 | −0.8 | ||
Labour hold | Swing | +4.6 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Stan Thorne | 21,810 | 46.7 | ||
Conservative | Tom N. Huntley | 14,832 | 31.8 | ||
SDP | Michael Connolly | 10,039 | 21.5 | ||
Majority | 6,978 | 14.9 | |||
Turnout | 46,681 | 71.8 | |||
Labour win (new seat) |
Elections in the 1940s[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Edward Shackleton | 32,189 | 55.6 | +7.3 | |
Conservative | Harmar Nicholls | 25,718 | 44.4 | +2.6 | |
Majority | 6,471 | 11.2 | +8.4 | ||
Turnout | 57,907 | ||||
Labour hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Samuel Segal | 33,053 | 24.2 | ||
Labour | John William Sunderland | 32,889 | 24.1 | ||
Conservative | Randolph Churchill | 29,129 | 21.4 | ||
Conservative | Julian Amery | 27,885 | 20.4 | ||
Liberal | J Maurice Toulmin | 8,251 | 6.1 | New | |
Communist | P.J. Devine | 5,168 | 3.8 | New | |
Majority | 3,760 | 2.8 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 136,375 | 77.0 | -2.0 | ||
Labour hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Randolph Churchill | Unopposed | N/A | N/A | |
Conservative hold | Swing |
For the general election expected to take place in 1939/1940, the following candidates had been selected;
- Conservative: Adrian Moreing, Edward Cobb
- Labour: P.C. Hoffman, John William Sunderland
Elections in the 1930s[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Edward Cobb | 32,575 | 48.8 | -4.8 | |
Labour | Frank Bowles | 30,970 | 46.4 | 0.0 | |
Independent | F. White | 3,221 | 4.8 | New | |
Majority | 1,605 | 2.4 | -1.0 | ||
Turnout | 63,746 | 79.0 | -2.9 | ||
Conservative hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Adrian Moreing | 37,219 | 26.9 | -5.3 | |
Conservative | William Kirkpatrick | 36,797 | 26.7 | -5.8 | |
Labour | Robert Arthur Lyster | 32,225 | 23.3 | +5.3 | |
Labour | Richard Reiss | 31,827 | 23.1 | +5.8 | |
Majority | 4,572 | 3.4 | -8.8 | ||
Turnout | 138,068 | 81.9 | -2.7 | ||
Conservative hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | William Kirkpatrick | 46,276 | 32.5 | ||
Conservative | Adrian Moreing | 45,843 | 32.2 | ||
Labour | Tom Shaw | 25,710 | 18.0 | ||
Labour | Edward Porter | 24,660 | 17.3 | ||
Majority | 20,133 | 14.2 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 142,489 | 84.6 | +6.4 | ||
Conservative gain from Labour | Swing |
Elections in the 1920s[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | William Jowitt | 35,608 | 54.6 | +25.1 | |
Unionist | Alfred Howitt | 29,168 | 44.8 | -0.7 | |
Independent Labour | S. M. Holden | 410 | 0.6 | -1.0 | |
Majority | 6,440 | 9.8 | +2.0 | ||
Turnout | 65,186 | 79.6 | +1.4 | ||
Labour hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Tom Shaw | 37,705 | 29.5 | +3.2 | |
Liberal | William Jowitt | 31,277 | 24.4 | -0.2 | |
Unionist | Alfred Howitt | 29,116 | 22.8 | -2.4 | |
Unionist | Charles Emmott | 27,754 | 21.7 | -2.2 | |
Independent Labour | S. M. Holden | 2,111 | 1.6 | New | |
Majority | 8,589 | 1.6 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 127,963 | 78.2 | |||
Labour hold | Swing | ||||
Liberal gain from Unionist | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Tom Shaw | 27,009 | 26.3 | -8.1 | |
Unionist | Alfred Ravenscroft Kennedy | 25,887 | 25.2 | ||
Liberal | James Hodge | 25,327 | 24.6 | -9.0 | |
Unionist | G Barnes | 24,577 | 23.9 | ||
Majority | 560 | 0.6 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 102,800 | ||||
Labour hold | Swing | ||||
Unionist gain from Liberal | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Tom Shaw | 25,816 | 34.4 | +6.5 | |
Liberal | James Hodge | 25,155 | 33.6 | +7.2 | |
Unionist | William Kirkpatrick | 23,953 | 32.0 | -13.7 | |
Majority | 1,854 | 2.4 | -1.5 | ||
Majority | 1,193 | 1.6 | -0.8 | ||
Turnout | 74,924 | 87.2 | +6.1 | ||
Labour hold | Swing | ||||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Tom Shaw | 26,259 | 27.9 | +2.1 | |
Liberal | James Hodge | 24,798 | 26.4 | +1.6 | |
Unionist | George Stanley | 22,574 | 24.0 | −1.4 | |
Unionist | Alfred Robert MacLean Camm | 20,410 | 21.7 | −2.3 | |
Majority | 3,685 | 3.9 | +2.9 | ||
Labour hold | Swing | ||||
Majority | 2,224 | 2.4 | N/A | ||
Liberal gain from Unionist | Swing | ||||
Turnout | 94,041 | 81.1 | +16.6 | ||
Registered electors | 57,953 |
Elections in the 1910s[]
- For all General Elections from 1906 to 1929 the Liberal and Labour parties ran only one candidate each, and these candidates ran in harness.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/George_F_Stanley.jpg/120px-George_F_Stanley.jpg)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | ![]() |
19,213 | 25.8 | +2.8 | |
C | Unionist | ![]() |
18,970 | 25.4 | −1.4 |
Liberal | John O'Neill | 18,485 | 24.8 | +0.9 | |
C | Unionist | Warwick Brookes | 17,928 | 24.0 | −2.3 |
Majority | 728 | 1.0 | N/A | ||
Labour gain from Unionist | Swing | +2.1 | |||
Majority | 485 | 0.6 | −1.8 | ||
Unionist hold | Swing | N/A | |||
Turnout | 74,596 | 64.5 | −24.4 | ||
Registered electors | 57,795 | ||||
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government. |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unionist | Urban H. Broughton | Unopposed | |||
Unionist hold |
General Election 1914/15:
Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by the July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;
- Unionist: George Stanley and Alfred Tobin
- Labour: Tom Shaw
- Liberal: Frederick Llewellyn-Jones
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d5/Edward_Hilton_Young.jpg/120px-Edward_Hilton_Young.jpg)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | George Stanley | 9,184 | 26.8 | −0.3 | |
Conservative | Alfred Tobin | 8,993 | 26.3 | +0.3 | |
Liberal | Hilton Young | 8,193 | 23.9 | +6.1 | |
Labour | William Henry Carr | 7,855 | 23.0 | +1.6 | |
Majority | 800 | 2.4 | −2.2 | ||
Turnout | 34,225 | 88.9 | −5.5 | ||
Registered electors | 19,521 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | −3.2 | |||
Conservative hold | Swing | −0.7 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | George Stanley | 9,526 | 27.1 | +4.9 | |
Conservative | Alfred Tobin | 9,160 | 26.0 | +5.1 | |
Labour | John Thomas Macpherson | 7,539 | 21.4 | −9.5 | |
Liberal | John Eldon Gorst | 6,281 | 17.8 | −8.2 | |
Free Trader | Harold Cox* | 2,704 | 7.7 | New | |
Majority | 1,621 | 4.6 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 32,506 | 94.4 | −1.8 | ||
Registered electors | 19,521 | ||||
Conservative gain from Labour | Swing | +7.2 | |||
Conservative gain from Liberal | Swing | +6.7 |
* Cox was replaced as Liberal candidate by Gorst - due to his frequent criticism of Liberal social policy - but chose to run independently.
Elections in the 1900s[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/08/Harold_Cox.jpg)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour Repr. Cmte. | John Thomas Macpherson | 10,181 | 30.9 | +8.8 | |
Liberal | Harold Cox | 8,538 | 26.0 | New | |
Conservative | John Kerr | 7,303 | 22.2 | −18.8 | |
Conservative | William Tomlinson | 6,856 | 20.9 | −16.0 | |
Turnout | 32,878 | 96.2 | +19.8 | ||
Registered electors | 18,626 | ||||
Majority | 2,878 | 8.7 | N/A | ||
Labour Repr. Cmte. gain from Conservative | Swing | +13.8 | |||
Majority | 1,235 | 3.8 | N/A | ||
Liberal gain from Conservative | Swing | N/A |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | John Kerr | 8,639 | 57.1 | −20.8 | |
Labour Repr. Cmte. | John Hodge | 6,490 | 42.9 | +20.8 | |
Majority | 2,149 | 14.2 | −0.6 | ||
Turnout | 15,129 | 84.2 | +7.8 | ||
Registered electors | 17,973 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | −20.8 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Robert William Hanbury | Unopposed | |||
Conservative hold |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/64/Hardie_elect.jpg/120px-Hardie_elect.jpg)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Robert William Hanbury | 8,944 | 41.0 | −0.9 | |
Conservative | William Tomlinson | 8,067 | 36.9 | +1.2 | |
Labour Repr. Cmte. | Keir Hardie | 4,834 | 22.1 | New | |
Majority | 3,233 | 14.8 | +1.5 | ||
Turnout | 21,845 | 76.4 | +0.1 | ||
Registered electors | 16,867 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | N/A | |||
Conservative hold | Swing | N/A |
Elections in the 1890s[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/70/William_Tomlinson.jpg/120px-William_Tomlinson.jpg)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Robert William Hanbury | 8,928 | 41.9 | +5.3 | |
Conservative | William Tomlinson | 7,622 | 35.7 | +0.4 | |
Ind. Labour Party | James Tattersall | 4,781 | 22.4 | New | |
Majority | 2,841 | 13.3 | +6.1 | ||
Turnout | 12,508 | 76.3 | −11.4 | ||
Registered electors | 16,395 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | N/A | |||
Conservative hold | Swing | N/A |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Robert William Hanbury | 8,070 | 36.6 | +6.9 | |
Conservative | William Tomlinson | 7,764 | 35.3 | +4.7 | |
Liberal | Charles Weld-Blundell | 6,182 | 28.1 | −11.6 | |
Majority | 1,582 | 7.2 | −2.2 | ||
Turnout | 14,003 | 87.7 | +3.8 | ||
Registered electors | 15,959 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | +6.4 | |||
Conservative hold | Swing | +5.3 |
Elections in the 1880s[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | William Tomlinson | 7,497 | 30.6 | -7.9 | |
Conservative | Robert William Hanbury | 7,296 | 29.7 | -6.7 | |
Liberal | John Ormerod Pilkington | 4,982 | 20.3 | −4.8 | |
Lib-Lab | George Potter | 4,771 | 19.4 | N/A | |
Majority | 2,314 | 9.4 | −1.9 | ||
Turnout | 12,473 (est) | 83.9 | -7.2 | ||
Registered electors | 14,876 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | −2.8 | |||
Conservative hold | Swing | −1.7 |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/57/Thomas_W_Russell.jpg/120px-Thomas_W_Russell.jpg)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | William Tomlinson | 8,459 | 38.5 | +5.8 | |
Conservative | Robert William Hanbury | 7,971 | 36.4 | +0.2 | |
Liberal | Thomas Russell | 5,491 | 25.1 | −6.0 | |
Majority | 2,480 | 11.3 | +9.7 | ||
Turnout | 13,550 (est) | 91.1 | −4.7 (est) | ||
Registered electors | 14,876 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | +4.4 | |||
Conservative hold | Swing | +1.6 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | William Tomlinson | 6,351 | 60.4 | N/A | |
Conservative | Robert William Hanbury | 4,167 | 39.6 | N/A | |
Majority | 2,184 | 20.8 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 10,518 | 81.0 | −14.8 (est) | ||
Registered electors | 12,978 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | N/A |
- Caused by Raikes' resignation to seek election in the .
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Henry Cecil Raikes | 6,045 | 58.9 | −10.0 | |
Lib-Lab | William Simpson[42] | 4,212 | 41.1 | +10.0 | |
Majority | 1,833 | 17.8 | +16.2 | ||
Turnout | 10,257 | 79.0 | -16.8 (est) | ||
Registered electors | 12,978 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | −10.0 |
- Caused by Holker's resignation upon appointment as a Lord Justice of Appeal.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | William Farrer Ecroyd | 6,004 | 58.0 | -10.9 | |
Liberal | Henry Yates Thompson[43] | 4,340 | 42.0 | +10.9 | |
Majority | 1,664 | 16.0 | +14.4 | ||
Turnout | 10,344 | 88.0 | -7.8 (est) | ||
Registered electors | 11,748 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | -10.9 |
- Caused by Hermon's death.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Edward Hermon | 6,239 | 36.2 | −5.9 | |
Conservative | John Holker | 5,641 | 32.7 | −1.0 | |
Liberal | George William Bahr[44] | 5,355 | 31.1 | +6.8 | |
Majority | 286 | 1.6 | -7.8 | ||
Turnout | 11,594 (est) | 95.8 (est) | +16.1 | ||
Registered electors | 12,108 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | -4.7 | |||
Conservative hold | Swing | -2.2 |
Elections in the 1870s[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | John Holker | Unopposed | |||
Conservative hold |
- Caused by Holker's appointment as Solicitor General for England and Wales.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Edward Hermon | 6,512 | 42.1 | +14.3 | |
Conservative | John Holker | 5,211 | 33.7 | +6.4 | |
Lib-Lab | Thomas Mottershead | 3,756 | 24.3 | −20.7 | |
Majority | 1,455 | 9.4 | +4.8 | ||
Turnout | 9,618 (est) | 79.7 (est) | −17.4 | ||
Registered electors | 12,073 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | +12.3 | |||
Conservative hold | Swing | +8.4 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | John Holker | 4,542 | 54.3 | −0.8 | |
Liberal | James German[45] | 3,824 | 45.7 | +0.7 | |
Majority | 718 | 8.6 | +4.0 | ||
Turnout | 8,366 | 81.9 | −15.2 | ||
Registered electors | 10,214 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | −0.8 |
- Caused by Hesketh's death.
Elections in the 1860s[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Edward Hermon | 5,803 | 27.8 | N/A | |
Conservative | Thomas Fermor-Hesketh | 5,700 | 27.3 | N/A | |
Liberal | Joseph Leese | 4,741 | 22.7 | New | |
Liberal | Edward Fitzalan-Howard | 4,663 | 22.3 | New | |
Majority | 959 | 4.6 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 10,454 (est) | 97.1 (est) | N/A | ||
Registered electors | 10,763 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | N/A | |||
Conservative hold | Swing | N/A |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Thomas Hesketh | Unopposed | |||
Conservative | Frederick Stanley | Unopposed | |||
Registered electors | 2,562 | ||||
Conservative hold | |||||
Conservative gain from Liberal |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Thomas Hesketh | 1,527 | 60.1 | −9.1 | |
Liberal | George Melly | 1,014 | 39.9 | +9.1 | |
Majority | 513 | 20.2 | +11.6 | ||
Turnout | 2,541 | 91.6 | +17.9 | ||
Registered electors | 2,773 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing | −9.1 |
- Caused by Cross' resignation.
Elections in the 1850s[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | R. A. Cross | 1,542 | 39.4 | +3.8 | |
Liberal | Charles Grenfell | 1,208 | 30.8 | −6.5 | |
Conservative | John Talbot Clifton[46] | 1,168 | 29.8 | +2.7 | |
Turnout | 1,959 (est) | 73.7 (est) | +1.6 | ||
Registered electors | 2,657 | ||||
Majority | 334 | 8.6 | +0.1 | ||
Conservative hold | Swing | +3.5 | |||
Majority | 40 | 1.0 | −0.7 | ||
Liberal hold | Swing | −6.5 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | Charles Grenfell | 1,503 | 37.3 | +11.7 | |
Conservative | R. A. Cross | 1,433 | 35.6 | +5.3 | |
Whig | George Strickland | 1,094 | 27.1 | −1.3 | |
Turnout | 2,015 (est) | 72.1 (est) | −5.1 | ||
Registered electors | 2,793 | ||||
Majority | 70 | 1.7 | −11.0 | ||
Whig hold | Swing | +4.5 | |||
Majority | 339 | 8.5 | +6.6 | ||
Conservative hold | Swing | +0.1 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Robert Townley Parker | 1,335 | 30.3 | −2.6 | |
Whig | George Strickland | 1,253 | 28.4 | −5.5 | |
Whig | Charles Grenfell | 1,127 | 25.6 | −7.7 | |
Radical | James German[47] | 692 | 15.7 | N/A | |
Turnout | 2,204 (est) | 77.2 (est) | −13.2 | ||
Registered electors | 2,854 | ||||
Majority | 82 | 1.9 | N/A | ||
Conservative gain from Whig | Swing | +5.3 | |||
Majority | 561 | 12.7 | +12.3 | ||
Whig hold | Swing | −2.1 |
Elections in the 1840s[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | George Strickland | 1,404 | 33.9 | +5.9 | |
Whig | Charles Grenfell | 1,378 | 33.3 | +4.8 | |
Conservative | Robert Townley Parker | 1,361 | 32.9 | −10.6 | |
Majority | 17 | 0.4 | −5.7 | ||
Turnout | 2,752 (est) | 90.4 (est) | +4.2 | ||
Registered electors | 3,044 | ||||
Whig hold | Swing | +5.6 | |||
Whig hold | Swing | +5.1 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood | 1,655 | 28.5 | −16.1 | |
Whig | George Strickland | 1,629 | 28.0 | +2.5 | |
Conservative | Robert Townley Parker | 1,270 | 21.9 | +7.0 | |
Conservative | Charles Swainson | 1,255 | 21.6 | +6.7 | |
Majority | 359 | 6.1 | −8.7 | ||
Turnout | 2,905 (est) | 86.2 (est) | c. −3.1 | ||
Registered electors | 3,371 | ||||
Whig hold | Swing | −11.5 | |||
Whig hold | Swing | −2.2 |
Elections in the 1830s[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood | 2,726 | 44.6 | +28.4 | |
Conservative | Robert Townley Parker | 1,821 | 29.8 | −3.9 | |
Whig | John Crawfurd | 1,562 | 25.5 | +9.3 | |
Radical | Feargus O'Connor | 5 | 0.1 | −33.7 | |
Turnout | 3,264 | 89.3 | −0.4 | ||
Registered electors | 3,656 | ||||
Majority | 905 | 14.8 | +3.8 | ||
Whig hold | Swing | +15.2 | |||
Majority | 259 | 4.3 | +3.1 | ||
Conservative hold | Swing | −11.4 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood | 2,165 | 33.7 | +2.3 | |
Whig | Henry Smith-Stanley | 2,092 | 32.5 | +2.0 | |
Radical | Thomas Perronet Thompson | 1,385 | 21.5 | +2.5 | |
Radical | Thomas Smith | 789 | 12.3 | −6.8 | |
Turnout | 3,350 | 89.7 | +2.5 | ||
Registered electors | 3,734 | ||||
Majority | 73 | 1.2 | +0.3 | ||
Conservative hold | Swing | +2.3 | |||
Majority | 707 | 11.0 | −0.4 | ||
Whig hold | Swing | +2.1 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tory | Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood | 3,372 | 31.4 | ||
Whig | Henry Smith-Stanley | 3,273 | 30.5 | ||
Radical | Henry Hunt | 2,054 | 19.1 | ||
Radical | John Forbes | 1,926 | 17.9 | ||
Radical | Charles John Crompton[48] | 118 | 1.1 | ||
Turnout | 5,538 | 87.2 | |||
Registered electors | 6,352 | ||||
Majority | 99 | 0.9 | |||
Tory gain from Radical | |||||
Majority | 1,219 | 11.4 | |||
Whig hold |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | John Wood | Unopposed | |||
Radical | Henry Hunt | Unopposed | |||
Whig hold | |||||
Radical gain from Whig |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Radical | Henry Hunt | 3,730 | 52.4 | +32.9 | |
Whig | Edward Smith-Stanley | 3,392 | 47.6 | −32.9 | |
Majority | 338 | 4.8 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 7,122 | ||||
Radical gain from Whig | Swing | +32.9 |
- Caused by Smith-Stanley's appointment as Chief Secretary for Ireland
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whig | Edward Smith-Stanley | 2,996 | 44.8 | ||
Whig | John Wood | 2,389 | 35.7 | ||
Radical | Henry Hunt | 1,308 | 19.5 | ||
Majority | 1,081 | 16.2 | |||
Turnout | c. 3,347 | ||||
Whig hold | Swing | ||||
Whig hold | Swing |
Elections in the 1810s[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tory | Samuel Horrocks | 1,694 | 37.3 | -2.4 | |
Whig | Edmund Hornby | 1,598 | 35.2 | -4.2 | |
Reformer | Peter Crompton | 1,245 | 27.4 | New | |
Majority | 449 | 9.9 | -8.9 | ||
Turnout | 4,537 | ||||
Tory hold | Swing | ||||
Whig hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tory | Samuel Horrocks | 1,379 | 39.7 | ||
Whig | Edmund Hornby | 1,368 | 39.4 | ||
Independent | Edward Hanson | 727 | 20.9 | ||
Majority | 652 | 18.8 | |||
Turnout | 3,474 |
See also[]
- List of Parliamentary constituencies in Lancashire
- 1915 Preston by-election
- 1929 Preston by-election
- 1936 Preston by-election
- 1940 Preston by-election
- 2000 Preston by-election
Notes[]
References[]
- ^ England Parliamentary electorates Boundary Commission for England
- ^ Debretts House of Commons 1886 Debretts House of Commons 1886, Page 222, "Counties, Divisions, Boroughs, etc
- ^ RotPA 1918 Archive.org
- ^ "Boundary Commission for England, fifth periodic review, p195" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "History of Parliament". Retrieved 25 September 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "History of Parliament". Retrieved 25 September 2011.
- ^ a b c Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "P" (part 2)
- ^ Chicheley was also elected for Cambridge, which he chose to represent, and never sat for Preston
- ^ On petition, Leicester and Standish were adjudged not to have been duly elected and their opponents, Burgoyne and Hoghton, were declared to have been duly elected in their place
- ^ Major-General from 1772, Lieutenant-General from 1777
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 185–187. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.
- ^ a b Churton, Edward (1838). The Assembled Commons or Parliamentary Biographer: 1838. pp. 92–93, 216–217. Retrieved 29 November 2018 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b Mosse, Richard Bartholomew (1838). The Parliamentary Guide: a concise history of the Members of both Houses, etc. pp. 164–165, 220. Retrieved 29 November 2018 – via Google Books.
- ^ Casey, Martin (2009). "STRICKLAND, George (1782–1874), of Hildenley and Boyton, Yorks. and Parliament Street, Mdx". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
- ^ Ward, J. T. (1962). The Factory Movement, 1830-1855 (eBook). London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 225. ISBN 978-1-349-81759-7. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
- ^ "Seats Gained by the Whigs". Bell's Weekly Messenger. 5 July 1841. p. 5. Retrieved 30 June 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ a b Taylor, H. A. (15 September 1955). "Politics in Famine-Stricken Preston: An Examination of Liberal Party Management, 1861–65" (PDF). The Historic Society of Lancashire & Cheshire. p. 121. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
- ^ a b Aspinall, A.; Smith, E. Anthony, eds. (1996) [1959]. English Historical Documents 1783–1832 (eBook). London: Routledge. p. 34. ISBN 0-203-19915-4. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
- ^ a b Rothbard, Murray N. (2006) [1995]. Economic Thought Before Adam Smith: An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought, Volume I. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 223. ISBN 0-945466-48-X. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
- ^ Later adopted the surname Fermor-Hesketh
- ^ Created a baronet, 1902
- ^ "Statement of persons nominated 2019" (PDF).
- ^ General Election Preston City Council
- ^ "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
- ^ "Preston". BBC News Online. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
- ^ "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
- ^ "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- ^ "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- ^ Boothroyd, David. "Results of Byelections in the 1997-2002 Parliament". United Kingdom Election Results. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
- ^ "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- ^ "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- ^ "UK General Election results April 1992". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Archived from the original on 8 May 2015. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
- ^ "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- ^ "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- ^ Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 9781349022984.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j British Parliamentary Election Results 1885-1918, FWS Craig
- ^ a b Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916
- ^ a b c d e f g The Liberal Year Book, 1907
- ^ a b c Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1901
- ^ Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1886
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book)
|format=
requires|url=
(help) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3. - ^ "Preston Election- A Liberal Candidate". Dundee Evening Telegraph. 28 January 1882. p. 4. Retrieved 10 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Preston Liberals". Western Daily Press. 12 May 1881. p. 8. Retrieved 10 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "George William Bahr". The Illustrated London News. 29 May 1880. p. 22. Retrieved 10 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "The Representation of Preston". Manchester Evening News. 30 August 1872. p. 3. Retrieved 17 January 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Mr. Clifton's Candidature". Preston Chronicle. 23 April 1859. pp. 4–5. Retrieved 30 June 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "The Elections". Preston Chronicle. 10 July 1852. pp. 2–3. Retrieved 30 June 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "The Election". Preston Chronicle. 15 December 1832. p. 2. Retrieved 21 April 2020 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ a b c Escott, Margaret. "Preston". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
Sources[]
- Robert Beatson, A Chronological Register of Both Houses of Parliament (London: Longman, Hurst, Res & Orme, 1807) [1]
- D Brunton & D H Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
- Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808) [2]
- The Constitutional Year Book for 1913 (London: National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations, 1913)
- F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (2nd edition, Aldershot: Parliamentary Research Services, 1989)
- F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949 (Glasgow: Political Reference Publications, 1969)
- Maija Jansson (ed.), Proceedings in Parliament, 1614 (House of Commons) (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1988)
- J E Neale, The Elizabethan House of Commons (London: Jonathan Cape, 1949)
- J Holladay Philbin, Parliamentary Representation 1832 - England and Wales (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965)
- Henry Stooks Smith, The Parliaments of England from 1715 to 1847 (2nd edition, edited by FWS Craig - Chichester: Parliamentary Reference Publications, 1973)
- Parliamentary constituencies in North West England
- Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1295
- Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1950
- Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1983
- Politics of Preston
- Politics of South Ribble