Pupilla
| Pupilla | |
|---|---|
| |
| A right side view of a live Pupilla muscorum | |
| |
| Six shells of Pupilla muscorum, scale bar in mm | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Phylum: | Mollusca
|
| Class: | Gastropoda
|
| (unranked): | clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura
clade Panpulmonata clade Eupulmonata clade Stylommatophora informal group Orthurethra |
| Superfamily: | |
| Family: | |
| Genus: | Pupilla |
Pupilla is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Pupillidae.
Shells of Pupilla species are known from terrestrial Cenozoic strata dating back to the Oligocene until the Holocene period.[2]
Distribution[]
This genus occurs in Eurasia, northern Africa and North America.[3]
Species[]
Pupilla has several subgenera.[citation needed] Species within the genus Pupilla include:
subgenus Pupilla
- Pupilla bigranata (Rossmässler 1839)[3]
- Pupilla blandi E. S. Morse, 1865 - Rocky Mountain column
- (Ancey 1881) - crestless column
- Pupilla muscorum (Linnaeus, 1758)[3] - widespread column - type species
- Pupilla pratensis (Clessin, 1871)[3]
- Pupilla triplicata (Studer, 1820)[3]
subgenus
subgenus ?
- Pupilla alpicola (Charpentier, 1837)[3]
- Pilsbry[4]
- (Boettger, 1886)
- Pupilla ficulnea (Tate, 1894)[5]
- (Krauss, 1848)
- Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlaváč & Naggs, 2009[4]
- Pupilla loessica Ložek, 1954[6]
- Pupilla obliquicosta Smith, 1892 - extinct[7]
- Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlaváč & Naggs, 2009[4]
- Pupilla pupula[8]
- Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlaváč & Naggs, 2009[4]
- (Mousson)[4]
- (Sterki, 1899) - three-tooth column
- Pupilla sterrii (Forster & Voith, 1840)[3]
- (Pilsbry, 1890) - top-heavy column
- (Boettger, 1870)
- (O. Boettger)[4]
- Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlaváč & Naggs, 2009[4]
References[]
- ^ Fleming J. (1828). A history of British animals, exhibiting the descriptive characters and systematic arrangement of the genera and species of quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, Mollusca, and Radiata of the United Kingdom; including the indigenous, extirpated, and extinct kinds, together with periodical and occasional visitants. pp. i-xxxii [= 1-23], 1-565, [1]. Edinburgh. (Bell & Bradfute).
- ^ (in Czech) Ivanov M., Hrdličková, S. & Gregorová, R. (2001). Encyklopedie zkamenělin. Rebo Productions, Dobřejovice, 1. vydání, 312 pp., page 125.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Genus summary for Pupilla". AnimalBase. Last modified 02-09-2006, accessed 30 July 2010.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Pokryszko B. M., Auffenberg K., Hlaváč J. Č. & Naggs F. (2009). "Pupilloidea of Pakistan (Gastropoda: Pulmonata): Truncatellininae, Vertigininae, Gastrocoptinae, Pupillinae (In Part)". Annales Zoologici 59(4): 423-458. doi:10.3161/000345409X484847.
- ^ Kessner V. (1996). Pupilla ficulnea. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007.
- ^ (in Czech) Ložek V. (1954). "Noví měkkýši československého pleistocénu (Neue Mollusken aus dem tschechoslowakischen Pleistozän). Vertigo pseudosubstriata sp. n., Pupilla muscorum densegyrata ssp. n. a Pupilla loessica sp. n." Anthropozoikum 3(1953): 327–342, Tab. 1.
- ^ Mollusc Specialist Group (1996). Pupilla obliquicosta. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007.
- ^ Mollusc Specialist Group (1996). Pupilla pupula. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007.
Categories:
- Pupillidae