Pupilla alpicola

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Pupilla alpicola
Pupilla alpicola shell.png
shell of Pupilla alpicola

Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Order: Stylommatophora
Family: Pupillidae
Genus: Pupilla
Species:
P. alpicola
Binomial name
Pupilla alpicola
Synonyms

Pupa (Sphyradium) alpicola Charpentier, 1837

Pupilla alpicola is a species of minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Pupillidae.

Description[]

The shell of this species slightly larger than that of Pupilla muscorum, with slightly more prominent growth lines, around 6 not very convex whorls. The shell apex is flat (in contrast to Pupilla muscorum and Pupilla pratensis). The apertural lip is weak; the cervical callus is weak; there are usually no teeth in the aperture, occasionally a weak parietal tooth. Note the presence of a characteristic gutter-like depression in the external surface of the last whorl, at about 1/4 of the distance from its base. (In oblique light this is also visible in the aperture as a narrow, delicate ridge).[3]

The species is similar to Pupilla loessica with similar intraspecific shell shape differences across time suggesting that similar niche shifts have led to similar transformations in parallel.[4]

The height of the shell is 2.8–3.3 mm. The width of the shell is 1.75–1.8 mm.[3]

Distribution[]

The distribution of Pupilla alpicola includes the Alps and Carpathians.[3] Pupilla alpicola has a scattered distribution; it is rare.[3] Most of its habitats are close to alpine cattle pastures, and this means these habitats are now at risk, because traditional land management is decreasing.[3]

Pupilla alpicola was listed as part of fauna of the Czech Republic for a long time, (as "probably extinct" in Bohemia and critically endangered (CR) in Moravia).[9] After a very similar taxon Pupilla pratensis was elevated to its species level in 2009,[5] the revision showed that Pupilla alpicola does not live in the Czech Republic and all of the supposed records from that country are actually Pupilla pratensis.[10]

Ecology[]

Pupilla alpicola occurs in moss, within wet meadows in high alpine regions, mostly in calcareous fens.[3] In Switzerland it lives between 900 and 2500 m altitude.[3]

References[]

This article incorporates public domain text from the reference.[3]

  1. ^ von Proschwitz T. & Rüetschi J. (2013). "Pupilla alpicola". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 30 July 2014.
  2. ^ Charpentier J. de (1837). "Catalogue des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la Suisse. Formant la seconde partie de la faune Helvétique". 1(2): 1-28, Tab. I-II [= 1-2]. Neuchatel. page 16.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Species summary for Pupilla alpicola". AnimalBase. Last modified 30-01-2010, accessed 30 July 2010.
  4. ^ Haase, Martin; Meng, Stefan; Horsák, Michal (2021). "Tracking parallel adaptation of shell morphology through geological times in the land snail genus Pupilla (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Pupillidae)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 191 (3): 720–747. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa057.
  5. ^ a b von Proschwitz T., Schander C. , Jueg U. & Thorkildsen S. (2009). "Morphology, ecology and DNA-barcoding distinguish Pupilla pratensis (Clessin, 1871) from Pupilla muscorum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pulmonata: Pupillidae)". Journal of Molluscan Studies 75(4): 315-322. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyp038.
  6. ^ Beata M. Pokryszko. "Pupilla alpicola (Charpentier, 1837)". Instytut Ochrony Przyrody Polskiej Akademii Nauk.. accessed 30 July 2010.
  7. ^ (in Polish) Alexandrowicz S. W. (1992). "Nowy dla fauny polskiej gatunek ślimaka Pupilla alpicola na zagrożonym stanowisku w Niedzicy". Chrońmy przyr. ojcz. 48: 5-11.
  8. ^ Alexandrowicz S. W. (1994). "Pupilla alpicola (Charpentier, 1837) from Niedzica". Geologia 20: 325-331.
  9. ^ "Red List of the molluscs (Mollusca) of the Czech Republic". accessed 30 July 2010.
  10. ^ (in Czech) Škodová J. & Horsák M. (2010). "Zrnovka slatinná (Pupilla pratensis (Clessin, 1871), Gastropoda) - staronový druh našich mokřadů. In: Bryja J. & Zasadil P. (eds.) Zoologické dny Praha 2010. Sborník abstraktů z konference 11.-12. února 2010. Archived 2018-04-10 at the Wayback Machine Ústav biologie obratlovců AV ČR, Brno, ISBN 978-80-87189-07-8. Pages 214-215.

External links[]

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