Qinling–Huaihe Line

The Qinling–Huaihe Line separates China into Northern and Southern China

China in the 12th century. The north of the Qinling Huaihe Line was under control of the Jin dynasty, while the south was under control of the Song dynasty

The Heihe–Tengchong Line divided China into eastern and western halves. The "Qinling–Huaihe Line" further subdivides the eastern half into north and south

The Qinling–Huaihe Line (Chinese: 秦岭淮河线; pinyin: Qínlǐng Huáihé Xiàn) is a reference line used by geographers to distinguish between northern and southern China, corresponding roughly to the 33rd parallel.^[1][2] Qinling refers to the Qin Mountains, and Huaihe refers to the Huai River.^[3] Running from Qin Mountain in the west to Huai River in the east, it divides eastern China into northern and southern regions that differ from each other in climate, culture, lifestyle, and cuisine.^[4]

Regions north of the Line tend to be temperate or continental, with snow being a regular feature in winter. Regions south of the Line tend to be subtropical or tropical. In general, the southern region is hotter, wetter, and much more hilly than the northern region.

Historically, due to being the Cradle of Chinese Civilization, the North had always been more developed than the South. That has changed over time and three of the four most developed Tier 1 cities in China are in the South. It was in the Ming dynasty that the economy of the South started to outpace the economy of the North.^[1][5] The gross regional product (GRP) of provinces and counties below the line was equal to those above the line in 1960, but by 2019, the south's GRP had become 83% larger than the north's.^[4]

History and use[]

The Qinling–Huaihe Line was first drawn by Chinese geographer in 1908, defining north China as anything above a line running along the Qinling Mountains in the west and the Huai River the east.^[6]

In the 1950s, Premier Zhou Enlai used the line to create a subsidized district heating system only in the colder north, a system still in effect today.^[7][8] This has led to the north suffering from heavy air pollution due to coal heating plants, while the south suffers from lack of heating during the winter months.^[9]

Nearby features[]

The line is attributed with serving as a division line in the hydrology and climatology of China. It roughly coincides with:^[10]

• the 800 mm (31 in) annual precipitation line (isohyet) of China; by extension, the division between China's humid and semi-humid areas and rice or wheat production areas;
• the 0 °C (32 °F) average January temperature (isotherm) line of China; by extension, China's subtropic zone;
• the division between the drainage basins of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers.

The line is believed to have served as the border between Chinese dynasties, between the Northern and Southern dynasties of c. 3th–6th century and between the Southern Song of c. 13th century and its northern neighbor.

See also[]

• Heihe–Tengchong Line, divides China in eastern and western halves
• Mason–Dixon line, North American counterpart

References[]