Raffles Institution

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Raffles Institution
Raffles Institution Coat of Arms.svg
Address
Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
1 Raffles Institution Lane
Singapore 575954

Singapore
Information
TypeIndependent School
MottoAuspicium Melioris Aevi
(Hope of a Better Age)
Founded5 June 1823; 198 years ago (1823-06-05)
FounderSir Stamford Raffles
Sister schoolRaffles Girls' School
ChairmanMr Choo Chiau Beng[1]
PrincipalMr Frederick Yeo [2]
Deputy PrincipalsMs Ng Mei Sze
(Student Development, Year 5–6)
Dr Theresa Lai
(Academic Studies, Year 1-4)
Mrs Reavley Munn Ye
(Academic Studies, Year 5-6)
Mr Brian Lagman Ang
(Corporate Development, Year 1-6)
Mr Edward Ng
(Student Development, Year 1-4)
Mr Chen Ziyang
(Organisational Development, Year 1-6)
GenderBoys (Year 1-4)
Mixed (Year 5-6)
Enrolment4,000[3]
HousesYear 1-4: Bayley, Buckley, Hullett, Moor, Morrison
Year 5-6: Bayley-Waddle, Buckle-Buckley, Hadley-Hullett, Morrison-Richardson, Moor-Tarbet
Colour(s) Green   White   Black 
MascotGryphon and eagle
Team nameTeam Raffles
PublicationThe Rafflesian Times
YearbookThe Rafflesian
Websiteri.edu.sg

Raffles Institution (RI), founded in 1823, is the oldest school in Singapore. It is an independent institution, providing secondary education for boys aged 13–16 through a boys-only Year 1-4 section and pre-university education for students aged 17–18 through a coeducational Year 5-6 section.

Since 2007, the school has offered the six-year Integrated Programme, which allows students to bypass the GCE O-Levels, and take the GCE A-Levels instead. Known as the Raffles Programme, it is offered jointly with its sister school, Raffles Girls' School (Secondary), or RGS.

RI has had the highest number of admissions to the University of Cambridge, with 35 students receiving offers in the 2019 admissions cycle,[4] and also boasts one of the highest Ivy League admissions rates.[5]

History[]

An undated photo of the original Raffles Institution building at the junction of Bras Basah and Beach Road (the site diagonally opposite SAF Warrant Officers and Specialists Club building)

Foundation[]

Raffles Institution was founded by Sir Stamford Raffles, who proposed the establishment of the Institution or Singapore Institution at a meeting he convened on 1 April 1823.[6][7] Raffles wanted to establish a college for the people of Singapore since the founding of the colony, and wrote on 12 January 1823 that a site for a planned college had been selected.[8] His intention was to provide education for the children of local leaders in the new British colony of Singapore as well as the company's employees and others who wished to learn the local languages. Another objective was to "collect the scattered literature and traditions of the country" so that the most important may be published and circulated.[9][10][11] Raffles referred to the plan as his "last public act"; by setting up the Institution, he hoped it that it could, through its generations of alumni, serve as "the means of civilising and bettering the conditions of millions" beyond Singapore.[12] Those involved in the plan for the Institution included Reverend Robert Morrison, Sophia Raffles, William Farquhar, and William Marsden. It was initially suggested that the Institution should merge with the Anglo-Chinese College founded by Morrison in Malacca, but this plan did not materialise.[13] Raffles contributed $2,000, secured a grant of $4,000 from the British East India Company and, together with subscriptions from other individuals, raised funds totalling $17,495 for the project.[8] He drafted the curriculum, and set up the structure for the board of trustees that included William Wilberforce.[14]

The original building of Raffles Institution was sited on Bras Basah Road and it was designed by Lieutenant Phillip Jackson, the Garrison Engineer. Raffles laid the foundation stone of the building on 5 June 1823, a few days before he left Singapore for the last time on 9 June.[14] No classes were held while the building was under construction, but the project stalled and the building was left unfinished for some time.[12] Raffles' vision was also not shared by the Resident John Crawfurd, who felt the scale of the project excessive, and that the government should focus its efforts on elementary education instead.[15] In 1835, a group of European merchants raised money for the Raffles Monument Fund to commemorate Raffles' contribution to Singapore, and proposed that it should be used to complete the Institution.[14] George Drumgoole Coleman was then hired to finish and extend the original building by Jackson.[15]

Early years[]

On 1 August 1834, Reverend F.J. Darrah opened the Singapore Free School with 46 boys, which quickly grew to nearly 80. When the building for the institute was completed in 1837, the school applied to occupy the building, a proposal the trustees of the Institution accepted.[16] The Singapore Free School moved into the building in December 1837, and became the Institution Free School.[11] It was however established as an elementary school rather than the college that Raffles had initially intended.[14] Originally the school offered classes in Malay, Chinese and English, but the Malay classes soon closed in 1842 due to low enrolment, and it would eventually become an English-medium school.[11] In May 1839, the first wing extension was completed, and the second at the end of 1841. In 1856, the Singapore Institution Free School was renamed Singapore Institution.[14]

In the 1860s, the school was gradually turned into a high school. In 1868 the school was renamed Raffles Institution.[14] The most significant headmasters of the period were J.B. Bayley and R.W. Hullett, who oversaw the transition and ran the school for a cumulative period of 50 years.[11]

The school is Singapore's first institution to enrol girls, with 11 pupils accepted in 1844.[11] In 1879, the girls wing of the school was established as Raffles Girls' School.

Relocation[]

The school moved in March 1972 to .[17] The old building was demolished and replaced by Raffles City Shopping Centre. The Bras Basah campus's library building is featured on the $2 paper and polymer note in Singapore currency.[18]

Bust of Sir Stamford Raffles at the Year 1-4 atrium

In 1984, it became one of two schools selected by the MOE to pilot the Gifted Education Programme to cater to intellectually gifted students.[19]

In 1990, the school moved again, this time from Grange Road to a new campus at Bishan, a recently created new town.[20]

Raffles Junior College[]

Main article: Raffles Junior College

In 1982 Raffles Junior College (RJC) was established at Paterson Road to take over the school's burgeoning pre-university enrolment. It subsequently moved to Mount Sinai Road.

In 2004, the new Raffles Programme was offered to Secondary 1 to 3 students. It allows RI students to enter RJC and sit for the GCE A-Levels at 18, without having to sit for the GCE O-Levels, giving them more time to engage in enrichment and co-curricular or passion-driven activities. The curriculum serves to "seek to nurture the best and brightest into men and women of scholarship who will be leaders of distinction, committed to excellence and service in the interest of the community and nation."[21] This subsequently led to the merging of RI's GEP and Special/Express streams to form a single Raffles Programme stream, and the establishment of its in-house academic talent development programme, Raffles Academy, catering to exceptionally gifted students via subject-specific pullout classes from Year 3 onwards, in 2007.

In 2005, RJC, along with Hwa Chong Junior College, became one of the first junior colleges in Singapore to attain independent status. RJC moved to its new Bishan campus adjacent to RI at the start of the 2005 school year, after attaining independent status and becoming the first Pre-University Institution in Singapore to be awarded the School Excellence Award.

In 2009, RI and RJC re-integrated to form a single institution under the name Raffles Institution to facilitate the running of the Raffles Programme and better align processes and curriculum.[22]

School identity and culture[]

RI is a member of various academic partnerships and alliances, such as the G30 Schools and The Winchester Network. It also co-founded the Global Alliance of Leading-Edge Schools.[23]

Motto[]

The school motto - Auspicium Melioris Aevi - comes from the coat of arms of its founder, Sir Stamford Raffles. The official translation by the school is 'Hope of a Better Age'.[24] [nb 1]

Houses[]

The five houses, three of them named after former headmasters, are Bayley, Buckley, Hullett, Moor and Morrison, represented by the colours yellow, green, black, red and blue respectively.

● J.B. Bayley was a Headmaster who "raised Raffles Institution to a large and flourishing establishment", as recorded by the Board of Trustees.[25]
● C.B. Buckley was the Secretary to the Board of Trustees of Raffles Institution.
● R.W. Hullett was Raffles Institution's longest-serving Headmaster (31 years).
● J.H. Moor was the first Headmaster of the school, whose 4th great-grandson is Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada.[26]
● The Reverend Robert Morrison was the co-founder of Raffles Institution.

Year 1 students are sorted into houses by class. In the early years of RI's history, there were ten houses, including a sixth Philips house (purple), later disbanded. House allocations used to be student-based, instead of class-based. Each House is led by a House Captain, a Year 4 student, who carries out his role along with the respective House Committee. The Houses participate in inter-house tournaments and activities, notably including the annual Inter-House Sports Carnival, Dramafeste and the Inter-House Debate tournament, with points earned from each activity contributing to the House Championship which is awarded at the end of the school year.[27]

Students of the college section were divided into five Houses, the name of which is an amalgamation of its counterparts in RI and RGS:

   
   
Bayley-Waddle
   
   
Buckle-Buckley
   
   
Hadley-Hullett
   
   
Moor-Tarbet
   
   
Morrison-Richardson

Uniform[]

The Raffles uniform from year 1-4 is all-white, including a white short-sleeved shirt with the Raffles badge at the top-right corner of the shirt pocket. Lower secondary students (Years 1 and 2) wear white short trousers and white socks. From Year 3 onwards, students may continue in short pants or opt for white long trousers. Shoes are white-based for all students, with the exception of laces, which must be fully white. Year 3 and 4 prefects must wear formal black shoes, except for Physical Education lessons, where they are required to change into appropriate shoes. School ties are worn only for formal occasions. Teachers have a formal gown for special occasions. The Raffles uniform for Year 5 and 6 male students are identical to the uniforms worn by Year 3s and 4s. The Raffles uniform for female students in Year 5 and 6 consist of a white blouse and a dark green, pleated skirt.[28]

Discipline[]

In former Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew's book The Singapore Story,[29] he mentions being caned for chronic lateness in the 1930s by the then headmaster, D.W. McLeod. In 1956, a former RI prefect wrote that, during his time there, "boys were caned on their bottoms for even winking at the girls. We did have very good discipline in our time and the boys became good citizens, lawyers, doctors, etc."[30]

Curriculum and student activities[]

Since 2007, the school has offered the six-year Integrated Programme, which allows students to bypass the GCE O-Levels, and take the GCE A-Levels instead. Known as the Raffles Programme, it is offered jointly with its sister school, Raffles Girls' School (Secondary), or RGS.

Orientation programmes[]

Year 1 Orientation Camp[]

The new intake of Year 1 students go through a 3-day orientation camp, involving understanding the school's culture and knowing the campus grounds, and various activities to facilitate class bonding, leadership development, etc. Year 4 Peer Support Leaders (PSLs) and the Head and Deputy head prefects guide them through this camp and the rest of the orientation period. At the end of the camp, the Year 1s receive their school badges in the Junior Rafflesian Investiture Ceremony (JRIC), which occurs on the Friday of the Orientation Week.[31]

Raffles Leadership Programme[]

The Raffles Leadership Programme (RLP) is an initiative of the Leadership Development Department, aimed at preparing Rafflesians to take on positions of leadership in school and in life. All Year 3 pupils go through the programme which includes going through the Leadership Challenge Workshop and taking the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Instrument. It also features a one-term residential component at RI Boarding.[32] The boarding programme started as a trial in 2008 and has now become a full-cohort programme.[33][34]

Under the RLP, Year 3 pupils also get to take part in a ten-week residential programme in RI Boarding to learn about independent living skills.[35] The RLP Boarding Programme was adjusted to a 7-week programme in 2019.

Students' Council (Year 5-6)[]

The Students' Council of the Year 5-6 section is divided into a total of eight departments, namely the Welfare Department, the Communications Department (Commz'D), the CCA Department (CCAD) and the five House Directorates. Each councillor also takes up one or two of the six functions, which are college events organised by the council: National Day, Teachers' Day, Grad Night, Open House, Orientation and Council Camp.[36] Members of the Students' Council are selected through a college-wide election process. Each batch undergoes a rigorous selection process, which culminates in the Council Investiture. The Students' Council is headed by a President, who is assisted by his/her EXCO consisting of two Vice-Presidents, two Secretaries, the three Heads of Departments and the five House Captains. As of 2020, the school is served by the 40th batch of Student Councillors.

Co-curricular activities[]

Year 1-4 (Secondary School section)[]

Raffles Institution offers about a forty CCAs under the co-curricular activity (CCA) programme, including sports, uniformed groups, performing arts, and clubs and societies.[37]

CCAs are categorised as either core or merit CCAs. Core CCAs comprise all sports, uniformed groups and performing arts, as well as Raffles Debaters while merit CCAs consist of all other clubs and societies. Every student of the school takes up at least one core CCA. Merit CCAs are optional, but students are encouraged to take up at least one merit CCA to supplement their core CCA. Certain merit CCAs, such as the Infocomm Club, however, may substitute for a core CCA instead.

The school's sports teams and uniformed groups have earned top places in many national inter-school competitions, doing well in Red Cross Youth, Rugby, NCC, SAILING, Floorball, Boys' Brigade, and cross-country among others.[38][39]

The performing arts groups have also done well in the Singapore Youth Festival, held once every two years,[40] while the clubs and societies have also won awards.[41]

Year 5-6 (Junior College Section)[]

The Year 5-6 section offers over seventy CCAs including sports, performing arts, and clubs and societies. Unlike in the first four years of the Raffles Programme, no distinction is made between core and merit CCAs. Students may offer up to two CCAs, no more than one of which may be a sports or performing arts group.

Teams from RI performed well nationally in 2011, with the performing arts groups clinching 15 Golds (including 9 with Honours) and 5 Silvers at the biennial Singapore Youth Festival Central Judging[42] and the sports teams winning 32 championship titles as well as 24 Silvers and 11 Bronzes at the National Interschools Sports Championships.[43] The school's Clubs and Societies have also performed excellently in their various national competitions, with Raffles Debaters clinching championship titles and the History and Strategic Affairs Society clinching best school delegation awards at international Model United Nations conferences.[44]

Publications[]

The college community is served by Raffles Press, the school's journalism society, which publishes its flagship online student newspaper Word of Mouth. The newspaper includes features, op-ed columns, sports reports and concert reviews. In addition, all staff and most students also receive a copy of the Rafflesian Times, the school's official magazine, from the Communications Department.

The journalism society regularly publishes articles dealing with daily school life, recent assemblies and events as well as wider national issues including the SG50 sentiment[permanent dead link] and the [permanent dead link].

In 2015, students from the school also started an unofficial satirical publication called "The Waffle Press" (a play on the official Raffles Press) that made fun of school events and examinations.

Boarding[]

The 13-storey twin towers next to the boarding complex

Raffles Institution Boarding is housed in a Boarding Complex consisting of five blocks. These are named after the five Houses; Bayley, Buckley, Hullett, Moor and Morrison. Each block, apart from the new Hullett block, can accommodate 90 pupils. All blocks have their own staff, and the Boarding Complex is overseen by several Boarding Mentors.

History[]

The foundation stone of the Boarding Complex was laid by Lee Kuan Yew on 25 March 1994. The first batch of boarders moved into the Complex in 1996.

During the upgrading works in 2006, the former Moor block was demolished to make way for a 13-storey twin tower hostel, the Hullett block, completed in July 2007,[45] and the former Hullett block in turn renamed Moor. The three blocks of Buckley, Moor and Bayley houses boys enrolling in Raffles Leadership Programme, whereas Morrison block catered to girls previously.

Campus[]

Entrance to RI and RJC

The Raffles Institution Year 1 - 4 campus consists of six main blocks on 18.65 hectares of land.[citation needed]

Yusof Ishak Block (Former Admin Block)[]

Raffles Institution Yusof Ishak Block

The main building is the Yusof Ishak Block, comprising offices, staff rooms, lecture theatres, study areas and computer labs, as well the Main Atrium. It houses the Year 1-4 General Office and the Raffles Archives & Museum. Major upgrading works were completed in early 2007.[45]

Science Hub[]

The Science Hub, opened in 2008, includes facilities for specialised research such as Xploratory-Labs;[46] as well as Chemistry, Physics and Biology labs. It also houses the Discovery Labs, a Laser Animation/Technology Studio, the Materials Science Lab and the Raffles Academy Home Room. It is connected to the Yusof Ishak Block.

Hullett Memorial Library / Shaw Foundation Dining Hall[]

The Hullett Memorial Library (HML) stands between the Sheares Block and ArtSpace. Co-founded by Dr Lim Boon Keng and Sir Song Ong Siang, it was named after Raffles Institution's longest-serving Headmaster, Richmond William Hullett, in 1923. The Library's official founding (even though a library and museum, from which the National Museum originated, had existed for decades prior to 1923) also marked the centenary of the founding of the institution.[47] The Library traces its roots to the founding of the Institution, making it the oldest library in Singapore.[9][48] The origins of Singapore's National Library lie in the HML.[49]

Sports facilities[]

The school's gymnasium underwent renovation in 2010, and was used as a training venue for gymnasts during the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics, together with that in the Year 5-6 campus.[50] The school also has two tennis courts, two basketball courts, two squash courts, and two cricket nets.[citation needed]

Following the re-integration with Raffles Junior College from 2009, more sports facilities are available. Floorball, table tennis, judo and gymnastics are RI sports now able to use the Year 5-6 Campus facilities.[51]

Alumni[]

See also: Raffles Institution (Junior College) § Notable alumni, and Raffles Girls' School (Secondary) § Notable alumni

RI's alumni body, the Old Rafflesians Association (ORA), includes former Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew, Emeritus Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong, and three former presidents of Singapore: Yusof bin Ishak, Benjamin Henry Sheares, and Wee Kim Wee.[52][29][9] RI is notable for having produced 94 President's Scholars, 3 out of 7 Presidents, 2 out of 3 Prime Ministers,[53] including the first elected Prime Minister in Lee Kuan Yew, 4 Speakers of Parliament, 7 out of 20 members of the current Cabinet, 6 Ministers of State and 13 CEOs of government-linked statutory boards and agencies.[54]

Notable alumni[]

Academia[]

Arts[]

Business[]

Politics[]

Public service[]

Religion[]

Sports[]

  • Choo Seng Quee, famed national football coach in the 1970s
  • Quah Kim Song, former national footballer
  • Au Yeong Pak Kuan, former national footballer
  • Soh Rui Yong, 2-time SEA Games Marathon Champion and Singapore national record holder at 10,000m, Half Marathon and Marathon.
  • Daphne Chia, former national rhythmic gymnastics athlete, competed at the 2014 Commonwealth Games.

Others[]

  • Prince Azim, second-born prince of the Sultan of Brunei Hassanal Bolkiah.
  • Subhas Anandan, the founding president of the Association of Criminal Lawyers of Singapore

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ While the school's translation of its motto is "hope of a better age", [56] this is a mistranslation. Auspicium primarily means an augury or auspice, which is a divinatory omen derived by an augur from watching the flight of birds. [57] It may mean omen, token or sign, but not hope.

References[]

  1. ^ "Board of Governors". Raffles Institution. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  2. ^ "Organisation Chart". Raffles Institution. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  3. ^ "Raffles | ABOUT". Raffles Institution. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  4. ^ "Applications, Offers & Acceptances by UCAS Apply Centre" (PDF).
  5. ^ "Top 10 Secondary Schools with the Most Offers to Cambridge". Crimson Education. 6 March 2020.
  6. ^ Sophia Raffles, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles (1830). Memoir of the Life and Public Services of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, F.R.S. John Murray. pp. Appendix 74–75.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  7. ^ Charles Burton Buckley (1902). An anecdotal history of old times in Singapore. Singapore, Printed by Fraser & Neave, limited. p. 139.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b Charles Burton Buckley (1902). An anecdotal history of old times in Singapore. Singapore, Printed by Fraser & Neave, limited. p. 122.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b c Wijeysingha, E. (2004). "1–11". The Eagle Breeds a Gryphon. Singapore: Raffles Institution. ISBN 978-981-00-2054-5.
  10. ^ Glendinning, Victoria (1 November 2012). Raffles: And the Golden Opportunity. Profile Books. ISBN 9781847658241.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Cheeseman, H.R. (8 October 1935). "A Century of Education in Singapore". The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser. p. 16.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b Glendinning, Victoria (1 November 2012). Raffles: And the Golden Opportunity. Profile Books. ISBN 9781847658241.
  13. ^ R. L. O'Sullivan (1988). "The Anglo-Chinese College and the Early 'Singapore Institution'". Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 61 (2 (255)): 45–62. JSTOR 41493102.
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Raffles Institution". Singapore Infopedia. National Library Board, Singapore.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b Jane Beamish, Jane Ferguson (1 December 1985). A History of Singapore Architecture: The Making of a City. Graham Brash. p. 43. ISBN 978-9971947972.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  16. ^ "Singapore Free School is Opened". History SG. National Library Board, Singapore.
  17. ^ "The old Raffles Institution premises at Grange Road". Roots.
  18. ^ "The Singapore Mint:Note Facts", , 2013.
  19. ^ "Gifted Education Programme: Development and Growth". Ministry of Education. n.d. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
  20. ^ Lee, June (11 May 2012). "RI's Bishan Campus: And the Twain Shall Meet". Raffles Institution.
  21. ^ "Mission and Goals". Raffles Institution. Archived from the original on 6 May 2008. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
  22. ^ Huang, Ryan (13 October 2008). "RI, RJC to merge next year; new school will be Raffles Institution". Channel NewsAsia. Singapore. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
  23. ^ "Raffles | GLOBAL". Raffles Institution. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  24. ^ "Our Vision and Motto". Raffles Institution. Archived from the original on 12 July 2011.
  25. ^ Bayley House page Archived 1 May 2008 at archive.today, Raffles Institution.
  26. ^ Teng, Amelia (16 November 2018). "Canadian PM Justin Trudeau a descendant of Raffles Institution's first headmaster". The Straits Times. Singapore. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  27. ^ "Raffles Institution". Retrieved 13 August 2016.
  28. ^ "School Rules" (PDF). Raffles Institution. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2011.
  29. ^ Jump up to: a b c "The Singapore Story". Time Asia (Hong Kong). 21 September 1998.
  30. ^ "A bit of discipline is good for boys". The Straits Times. Singapore. 8 October 1956.
  31. ^ "Year 1 Milestones". Raffles Institution. Archived from the original on 31 December 2011.
  32. ^ "The Raffles Programme". Raffles Institution.
  33. ^ Yuen Sin (13 June 2016). "Boarding programme: Living with peers". The Straits Times.
  34. ^ "Raffles Leadership Programme". Facebook.
  35. ^ "Raffles Leadership Programme". Archived from the original on 22 July 2011.
  36. ^ "Functions". teamraffles.
  37. ^ "CCAs". Raffles Institution.
  38. ^ "2005 Sports & Games Achievements" Archived 2 September 2006 at archive.today, Raffles Institution, 2005-2006.
  39. ^ "2005 Achievements by Uniformed Groups" Archived 2 September 2006 at archive.today, Raffles Institution, 26 November 2005.
  40. ^ "2005 Achievements by Music, Drama & Aesthetics Groups" Archived 2 September 2006 at archive.today, Raffles Institution, 2005-2006.
  41. ^ "2005 Academic Competition Achievements" Archived 2 September 2006 at archive.today, Raffles Institution, 2005-2006.
  42. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 3 November 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2012.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  43. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 January 2012. Retrieved 13 March 2012.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  44. ^ "Raffles Institution - a leading Singaporean pre-tertiary institution". www.ri.edu.sg.
  45. ^ Jump up to: a b "Hot News", Raffles Institution, 26 November 2005.
  46. ^ "MSD Singapore", Raffles Institution/ Merck Sharp and Dohme Exploratory Laboratories, 22 April 2000
  47. ^ The History of The Hullett Memorial Library Archived 27 September 2006 at archive.today.
  48. ^ " It houses over 50 000 books. From Books to Bytes - The story of the National Library", National Library Board, 2006.
  49. ^ "The Singapore Institution Library" Archived 21 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine, National Library Board, Singapore, 4 November 2002.
  50. ^ "Singapore Candidature File Volume 1" (PDF). BOCOG. n.d. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 April 2008. Retrieved 2 March 2008.
  51. ^ Lim Say Heng (20 January 2009). "But other sports benefit from merger". The New Paper. Singapore.[permanent dead link]
  52. ^ Honorary Members Archived 29 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Old Rafflesians' Association, 2005.
  53. ^ http://issuu.com/ripub/docs/school_brochure_2012
  54. ^ http://issuu.com/ripub/docs/2011_school_brochure
  55. ^ "Director-General of Education Ho Peng to retire after 36 years of service". The Straits Times. 24 February 2015.
  56. ^ "Our Mission". Raffles Institution. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  57. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (n.d.). "A Latin Dictionary". Tufts University. Retrieved 17 November 2020.

Bibliography[]

  • Wijeysingha, Eugene et al., (1992), One Man's Vision - Raffles Institution in Focus.
  • Wijeysingha, Eugene (1985), The Eagle Breeds a Gryphon. ISBN 981-00-2054-6
  • Raffles Programme. "Raffles Programme - Nurturing the Thinker, Leader and Pioneer", Raffles Family of Schools, 2006, retrieved 7 December 2006.
  • Seet, K. K. (1983). A place for the people (pp. 6–16). Singapore: Times Books International. ISBN 978-9971-65-097-1
  • Wijeysingha, E. (1963). A history of Raffles Institution, 1823-1963. Singapore: University Education Press. OCLC 36660
  • Makepeace, Walter; Brooke, Gilbert E.; Braddell, Roland St. J. (Eds.). (1991) [1921]. One hundred years of Singapore. Singapore: Oxford University Press. OCLC 473736327
  • Ng Sow Chan (1991). She is from the East (她来自东 /Ta lai zi dong). Singapore: Raffles Institution. OCLC 48176153

External links[]

Coordinates: 1°20′51″N 103°50′38″E / 1.347598°N 103.843951°E / 1.347598; 103.843951

Retrieved from ""