Page semi-protected

Raymond Hoser

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Raymond Hoser
Born
Raymond Terrence Hoser

1962 (age 58–59)
United Kingdom
Alma materUniversity of Sydney
Websitewww.raymondhoser.com

Raymond Terrence Hoser (born 1962) is an Australian snake-catcher and author. Since 1976, he has written books and articles about official corruption in Australia. He has also written works on Australian frogs and reptiles. Hoser's work on herpetology is controversial, including his advocacy of the surgical alteration of captive snakes to remove their venom glands and his self-published herpetological taxonomy, which has been described as "taxonomic vandalism".

Career

Whistleblower

Hoser has published several works as a whistleblower. In a 1998 radio interview he said that he was "known as an anti-corruption crusader".[1] An analysis of his work by the Rationalist Society of Australia referred to him as a "tireless investigator"[2] and he has received praise from Brian Martin, a former president of Whistleblowers Australia.[3]

In his 1993 book Smuggled, Hoser wrote that officials of the wildlife services in New South Wales were involved in the illegal wildlife trade.[2][4]

In 1995, Hoser published The Hoser Files, detailing his encounters with Victoria Police and the Road Traffic Authority in Melbourne while working as a taxi driver. (Hoser had moved to Victoria in 1985.)

Taxonomic work

Hoser has written extensively on herpetology, with a focus on the taxonomy of Australian snakes. Hoser was an editor of Monitor, a magazine of the Victorian Herpetological Society.[5] Since 2009, Hoser has self-published the Australasian Journal of Herpetology.[6] Hoser has described several species and genera of reptiles, including Pseudechis pailsei and Acanthophis wellsi (snakes in the family Elapidae).[7][8][9][10] Hoser's work on the taxonomy of the Pythoninae[11] has been partially confirmed by later phylogenetic studies.[12]

Professional academic herpetologists have acknowledged Hoser as "undoubtedly knowledgeable about reptiles" but had significant criticism of his taxonomic work.[13] Hosers work has been described as ‘amateur’,[14][15] “vanity publishing”,[16] not peer-reviewed,[17] "taxonomic vandalism",[13][18] extensively plagiarised,[19] and a source of confusion.[14] In particular, several of Hoser’s descriptions are said to lack adequate detail and reference to type specimens.[14] [20] As a result, herpetological societies in America, Europe and Africa have resolved to ignore or over-write Hoser's nomenclature.[16][21]

A 2021 review found that 59 of Hoser's reptile names had been over-written by other herpetologists.[22] For example, for the reticulated python, Reynolds et al. 2013, suggest the name Malayopython be used in place of Hoser's Broghammerus.[23] Similarly, for two species of alligator snapping turtle, Thomas et al. 2014 give new names to over-write Hoser's names.[24] The new names have found widespread acceptance in preference of Hoser's names.[22]

Hoser responded to the over-writing by declaring the new names to be junior synonyms and thus are invalid according to the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (the Code).[25] In 2013, Hoser applied to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) to confirm that his names were "available" (i.e. had been validly published), using the name Spracklandus as a test case.[26] In 2021, the ICZN responded that it found “no basis under the provisions of the Code for regarding the name Spracklandus as unavailable, nor for regarding any of issues 1–24 of Australasian Journal of Herpetology as being unpublished in the sense of the Code”.[26] ICZN Commissioner Frank Krell wrote that herpetologists' voluntary decision to ignore and overwrite Hoser's names, “might be a better way forward than a suppression of Hoser’s works by the ICZN”.[27]

Snake handling

Hoser has a business as a snake handler and provides reptiles for children’s birthday parties and catching and moving snakes in urban areas.[28] As part of his business, Hoser claims ‘Snakeman’ (and others) as trademarks, names which he has taken steps to defend on several occasions.[29][30] [31][32][33][34] Hoser once criticized the zookeeper, conservationist and television personality Steve Irwin for giving people “false ideas about how to behave around snakes”.[35]

Hoser is an advocate of surgically altering snakes to inhibit the production of venom.[36][37] The procedure for creating “venomoid” snakes is regarded as controversial.[38] A 2008 government tribunal ruled that Hoser's venomoid snakes cannot be handled by members of the public, due to the risk of the venom glands regrowing.[39]

Legal proceedings

In 2001, the Victorian Supreme Court used the offence of scandalising the court to fine Hoser $5,000 after he published names of two county court judges and two magistrates in a book entitled Victoria Police Corruption with allegations of bias and improper conduct.[40] Hoser's 2003 appeal against the charge was unsuccessful and he was found guilty of a second contempt charge which was originally dismissed.[41]

In 2011, Hoser was convicted and fined $12,000 in the County Court for demonstrating with venomous snakes less than three metres from the public, working in accessible pits and demonstrating in a way that put the animals at risk of theft. Hoser allowed his 10-year-old daughter to be bitten five times by venomoid specimens of two species of highly venomous snakes, an inland taipan and a common death adder, to demonstrate that his venomoid snakes were harmless.[42] The manager of the shopping center where Hoser performed claimed that Hoser's performance was not consistent with his act description and said that Hoser would not be allowed back.[43] Following this incident, the Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE) suspended Hoser's commercial wildlife demonstrator license and his authorisation to hold snake-handling courses and use wildlife in film and television.[44] Hoser said that he would apply to the courts for an emergency injunction against this suspension.[44]

In 2012, Judge Jenkins had found Hoser intentionally allowed two snakes to bite his daughter 7 times, and compromised both the safety of the audience and the welfare of the snakes during his demonstration.[45] In March 2012, Jenkins upheld an appeal by Hoser of the DSE actions against him, fining Hoser $4,000 under the and ordering Hoser to pay the costs of the DSE of $8,000.[46] Jenkins had found that "through his demeanour and evidence, displayed a contempt and reckless disregard for the licence conditions. He has conducted his demonstrations in a manner which seriously compromises the welfare of the snakes he is displaying and the safety and well-being of audience members, including children and, on one occasion, his own daughter."[46] In March 2013, Justice Robert Redlich of the Victoria Court of Appeal recommended that Hoser hire a lawyer to represent him rather than representing himself, and adjourned the hearing until 13 June 2013.[45][47] In May 2013, Hoser appealed to the Victoria Court of Appeal in an attempt to overturn the Department of Sustainability and Environment's (DSE) decision to cancel his wildlife demonstrators licence and Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT) deputy president Judge Pamela Jenkins's decision in 2012 to uphold that DSE cancellation of his license.[45][47]

In 2015, VCAT member Gerard Butcher cleared Hoser to resume demonstrations for schoolchildren.[48]

In 2018, Hoser sued Sportsbet alleging the bookmaker infringed on his trademark by using the words "snake man" in three TV ads. In October 2018, the judge dismissed the claim for one of three relevant adverts and Hoser was ordered to pay the defendant's legal costs as agreed, which were in fact written off. Sportsbet in turn agreed to stop running all three offending adverts and proceedings were discontinued in relation to the two adverts that the judge had not ruled on.[49]

Candidate for local and state government

In 2012, Hoser ran for council of the City of Manningham (Mullum Mullum ward), but failed to win one of three positions. He received 4.31% of the primary vote.[50]

In 1999, Hoser ran in the Victorian state election 1999 in Frankston East district. He received the fewest votes (11 out of 26,842 votes or 0.04% of first preference votes).[51]

Works

Hoser has written letters to major newspapers, and signs these in three ways: with his own name, a random one to maintain anonymity, and obvious joke names such as Wayne Kerr and Wayne King.[1]

Books

  • Australian Reptiles & Frogs, (238pp) Pierson & Co., 1989 ISBN 0-947068-08-2
  • Endangered Animals of Australia, Pierson & Co., 1991 ISBN 0-947068-15-5
  • Smuggled : The Underground Trade in Australia's Wildlife. Apollo Books, 1993. ISBN 0-947068-18-X
  • The Hoser Files – The Fight Against Entrenched Official Corruption. (332 pp.) Kotabi, 1995. ISBN 0-646-23087-5
  • Smuggled-2: Wildlife Trafficking, Crime and Corruption in Australia. Kotabi, 1996. ISBN 0-9586769-0-9
  • Victoria Police Corruption. (736 pp.) Kotabi, 1999. ISBN 0-9586769-6-8
  • Victoria Police Corruption 2. (800 pp.) Kotabi, 2000. ISBN 0-9586769-7-6
  • Taxi. Kotabi, 2000. ISBN 0-9586769-8-4 (V. 1) ISBN 0-9586769-9-2 (V. 2)

References

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b Bolton, Robert (26 November 1998). "The Media Report". abc.net.au. Archived from the original on 20 August 2011. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b Callow, H. Clare. "Investigating Corruption – The Strange Case of Raymond Hoser" (PDF). Australian Rationalist No 55. Rationalist Society of Australia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
  3. ^ Martin, Brian (October 1997). "Defamation and the Australian media: a case study". Archived from the original on 23 April 2009. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
  4. ^ "Wildlife smuggling book defeats 'ban'" Archived 3 August 2012 at archive.today, Green Left Weekly, 30 June 1993. Retrieved 12 October 2008
  5. ^ Borrell B (March 2007). "Linnaeus at 300: the big name hunters". Nature. 446 (7133): 253–5. Bibcode:2007Natur.446..253B. doi:10.1038/446253a. PMID 17361154. S2CID 35602076.
  6. ^ "Australasian Journal of Herpetology". Smuggled.com. Archived from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
  7. ^ Uetz, Peter; Hallermann, J. "Pseudechis pailsi (Hoser, 1998)". Reptile Database. Archived from the original on 29 April 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
  8. ^ "Pseudechis pailsei Hoser, 1998". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
  9. ^ "Acanthophis wellsi (Hoser, 1998)". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
  10. ^ Kuch, Ulrich; Keogh, J. Scott; Weigel, John; Smith, Laurie A.; Mebs, Dietrich (March 2005). "Phylogeography of Australia's king brown snake (Pseudechis australis) reveals Pliocene divergence and Pleistocene dispersal of a top predator" (PDF). Naturwissenschaften. 92 (3): 121–127. Bibcode:2005NW.....92..121K. doi:10.1007/s00114-004-0602-0. PMID 15688185. S2CID 26068662. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2008.
  11. ^ Hoser, R.T. (2004). "A reclassification of the Pythoninae including the descriptions new genera, two new species and nine …". Crocodilian—Journal of the Victorian Association of Amateur Herpetologists. 4: 21–39.
  12. ^ Rawlings, L.H.; Rabosky, D.L.; Donnellan, S.C.; Hutchinson, M.N. (2008). "Python phylogenetics: inference from morphology and mitochondrial DNA". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 93 (3): 603–619. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00904.x.
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b Kaiser, H.; B.I. Crother; C.M.R. Kelly; L. Luiselli; M. O'Shea; H. Ota; P. Passos; W. Schleip & W. Wüster (2013). "Best Practices: In the 21st Century, Taxonomic Decisions in Herpetology are Acceptable Only When Supported by a Body of Evidence and Published via Peer-Review" (PDF). Herpetological Review. 44: 8–23. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 July 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b c Wüster, W.; B. Bush; J.S. Keogh; M. O'Shea & R. Shine (2001). "Taxonomic contributions in the "amateur" literature: comments on recent descriptions of new genera and species by Raymond Hoser" (PDF). Litteratura Serpentium (21): 67–79, 86–91. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 August 2007.
  15. ^ Wüster, W.; A.J. Dumbrell; C. Hay; C.E. Pook; D.J. Williams & B.G. Fry (2004). "Snakes across the Strait: Trans-Torresian phylogeographic relationships in three genera of Australasian snakes (Serpentes: Elapidae: Acanthophis, Oxyuranus and Pseudechis)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 34 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.08.018. PMID 15579378. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 February 2007. superseding; Wüster, W., et al. Phylogeny and classification of Australo-Papuan black snakes and mulga snakes: comments on genus Pailsus Hoser (1998)
    - Wüster W, Golay P, Warrell DA (August 1999). "Synopsis of recent developments in venomous snake systematics, No. 3" (PDF). Toxicon. 37 (8): 1123–9. doi:10.1016/S0041-0101(98)00248-7. PMID 10400296. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2007.
  16. ^ Jump up to: a b "Snake fans vent at vain wife name" (PDF). Aap.newscentre.com.au. 22 May 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2013.
  17. ^ Alison Bevege (26 July 2012). "Boffins big blue over little croc | News | NT News | Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia". ntnews.com.au. Archived from the original on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2014.
  18. ^ Naish, Darren (20 June 2013). "Taxonomic vandalism and the Raymond Hoser problem". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
  19. ^ Denzer, Wolfgang; Ulrich Manthey; Philipp Wagner & Wolfgang Böhme (2015). "A critical review of Hoser's writings on Draconinae, Amphibolurinae, Laudakia and Uromastycinae (Squamata: Agamidae)" (PDF). Bonn Zoological Bulletin. 64 (2): 117–135. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  20. ^ Williams D, Wüster W, Fry BG (December 2006). "The good, the bad and the ugly: Australian snake taxonomists and a history of the taxonomy of Australia's venomous snakes". Toxicon. 48 (7): 919–30. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.07.016. PMID 16999982.
  21. ^ Measey, John. "Taxonomic Vandalism". Herpetological Association of Africa. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
  22. ^ Jump up to: a b Wüster, Wolfgang; Thomson, Scott A.; O'Shea, Mark & Kaiser, Hinrich (2021). "Confronting taxonomic vandalism in biology: conscientious community self-organization can preserve nomenclatural stability". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 133 (3): 645–670. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blab009. hdl:2436/624028.
  23. ^ Graham Reynolds, R.; Niemiller, Matthew L. & Revell, Liam J. (2013). "Toward a Tree-of-Life for the boas and pythons: Multilocus species-level phylogeny with unprecedented taxon sampling". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 71: 201–213. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.011. PMID 24315866.
  24. ^ Thomas, T.M.; Granatosky, M.C.; Bourque, J.R.; Krysko, K.L.; Moler, P.E.; Gamble, T.; Suarez, E.; Leone, E. & Roman, J. (2014). "Taxonomic assessment of Alligator Snapping Turtles (Chelydridae: Macrochelys), with the description of two new species from the southeastern United States". Zootaxa. 3786 (2): 141–65. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3786.2.4. PMID 24869532.
  25. ^ Jones, Benjamin (7 September 2017). "A Few Bad Scientists Are Threatening to Topple Tadonomy". Smithsonian. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
  26. ^ Jump up to: a b International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (30 April 2021). "Opinion 2468 (Case 3601) – Spracklandus Hoser, 2009 (Reptilia, Serpentes, Elapidae) and Australasian Journal of Herpetology issues 1–24: confirmation of availability declined; Appendix A (Code of Ethics): not adopted as a formal criterion for ruling on Cases". The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. 78 (1). doi:10.21805/bzn.v78.a012. ISSN 0007-5167. S2CID 233448875. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
  27. ^ Krell, Frank-Thorsten (30 April 2021). "Suppressing works of contemporary authors using the Code's publication requirements is neither easy nor advisable". The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. 78 (1): 61–67. doi:10.21805/bzn.v78.a021. ISSN 0007-5167. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  28. ^ "Toeing the party line" Archived 11 November 2004 at the Wayback Machine, The Age, 21 September 2004. Retrieved 12 October 2008
    - Marika Dobbin, "Escaped python ends up in Burnley Tunnel" Archived 17 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine, The Age, 9 April 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2008
  29. ^ "Raymond Hoser®". Raymondhoser.com. Archived from the original on 3 August 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
  30. ^ Townsend, Samantha (4 October 2011). "Snakemen in a venomous fight for title". Dailytelegraph.com.au. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
    - Matt Meir (3 October 2011). "Only one 'snakeman'". Gatton Star. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
  31. ^ "Snakeman busts Queensland imposter!". smuggled.com. Archived from the original on 27 January 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  32. ^ "Paul's your go-to man for snakes". Grafton Daily Examiner. Archived from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
  33. ^ "Snake Man strikes". Grafton Daily Examiner. Archived from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
  34. ^ Munro, Peter (29 November 2009). "Snakes and the city". theage.com.au. Archived from the original on 7 November 2012. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
  35. ^ "Snake bites up as warm weather brings reptiles and people together". The Age. 31 January 2007. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
  36. ^ Hoser, R. (2004). "Surgical removal of Venom glands in Australian Elapids-The creation of Venomoids". Herptile. 29 (1): 37–40. Archived from the original on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  37. ^ R. Hoser Surgical Removal of Venom Glands in Australian Elapid Snakes. The creation of venomoids. Archived 25 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  38. ^ Jeff Miller Venomoids: An Overview Archived 10 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine The Southeastern Hot Herp Society 29 March 2001 Retrieved 11 October 2008.
  39. ^ Mex Cooper 'De-venomised' snakes ruled dangerous Archived 15 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine The Age 15 October 2008.
  40. ^ "Scandalous behaviour; Police under pressure; Starbucks Australia". ABC Radio National. 16 December 2001. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
    - "Scandalising the Court" Archived 16 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Press Gazette, 10 October 2003. Retrieved 12 October 2008
  41. ^ "Author losses contempt of court appeal". ABC News Online. 15 December 2003. Archived from the original on 13 November 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
  42. ^ Prytz, Anna (10 August 2011). "Handler Raymond Hoser let snakes bite his daughter". heraldsun.com.au. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
  43. ^ Jefferson, Andrew. "Melton shops ban for snake act - Business - News - Melton Leader". Melton-leader.whereilive.com.au. Archived from the original on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
  44. ^ Jump up to: a b "Snake handler Raymond Hoser has licence revoked". Herald Sun. 18 August 2011.
  45. ^ Jump up to: a b c Russell, Mark (21 May 2013). "You die real quick: snake handler's appeal after daughter bitten | The Wimmera Mail-Times". Mailtimes.com.au. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2013.
  46. ^ Jump up to: a b "Snake man is sprung". Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 10 February 2017.
  47. ^ Jump up to: a b "Victorian snake handler fights ban". Yahoo! 7 News (21 May 2013). AAP. Archived from the original on 30 June 2013.
  48. ^ "VCAT clears snake handler Raymond Hoser to resume demonstrations for schoolchildren". heraldsun.com.au. 11 August 2015.
  49. ^ Chung, Frank (20 October 2018). "'Snakeman' loses Sportsbet trademark battle". News.com.au. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
  50. ^ "Results for Manningham City Council Elections 2012". Victorian Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 10 April 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
  51. ^ "State Election 1999: Frankston East District results summary - Victorian Electoral Commission". Archived from the original on 20 August 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2017.

External links

Retrieved from ""