Republican National Committee

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Republican National Committee
Founded1856; 165 years ago
Headquarters
310 First Street SE,
Washington, D.C.
,
U.S.
Key people
Ronna McDaniel
(Chair)
Thomas Hicks Jr.
(Co-Chair)
Todd Ricketts
(Finance Chair)
Websitewww.gop.com

The Republican National Committee (RNC) is a U.S. political committee that leads the Republican Party of the United States. It is responsible for developing and promoting the Republican political platform, as well as coordinating fundraising, election strategy, and a "party brand."[1] It is also responsible for organizing and running the Republican National Convention. Similar committees exist in every U.S. state and most U.S. counties, although in some states party organization is structured by congressional district, allied campaign organizations being governed by a national committee. Ronna McDaniel is the current committee chairwoman.[2]

The RNC's main counterpart is the Democratic National Committee.

History[]

The 1856 Republican National Convention appointed the first RNC. It consisted of one member from each state and territory to serve for four years. Each national committee since then has followed the precedent of equal representation for each state or territory, regardless of population. From 1924 to 1952, there was a national committeeman and national committeewoman from each state and U.S. possession, and from Washington, D.C. In 1952, committee membership was expanded to include the state party chairs of states that voted Republican in the preceding presidential election, have a Republican majority in their congressional delegation (U.S. representatives and senators), or have Republican governors. By 1968, membership reached 145. As of 2011, the RNC has 168 members.[3]

The only person to have chaired the RNC and later become U.S. president is George H. W. Bush. A number of the chairs of the RNC have been state governors.

In 2013, the RNC began an outreach campaign towards the American youth and minority voters, after studies showed these groups generally perceived that the Republican Party did not care about their concerns.[4]

During the presidency of Donald Trump, the RNC showed staunch fealty to Trump, even at times when prominent Republicans did not. Under Ronna McDaniel's leadership, the RNC ran ads for Trump's 2020 campaign as early as 2018, put numerous Trump campaign workers and affiliates on the RNC payroll, spent considerable funds at Trump-owned properties, covered his legal fees in the Russian interference investigation, hosted Trump's Fake News Awards, and criticized Trump critics within the Republican Party.[5] Two days after Trump was considered by many to have incited a pro-Trump mob to storm the U.S. Capitol, the RNC held an event where members expressed fealty to Trump and celebrated him.[6]

Role[]

The Republican National Committee's main function is to lead the Republican Party of the United States. It is responsible for developing and promoting the Republican political platform, as well as coordinating fundraising and election strategy.

It is also responsible for organizing and running the Republican National Convention.

Organization[]

The current Chair of the Republican National Committee is Ronna McDaniel, serving since 2017. McDaniel was previously Chair of the Michigan Republican Party from 2015 to 2017.[7]

In January 2019, Thomas O. Hicks Jr. was elected co-chairman of the RNC. Hicks has a strong connection to President Trump's campaigns and policy initiatives, having served as chairman of the America First Action PAC and America First Policies and as national finance co-chairman for Donald J. Trump for President.[7]

Similar committees to the RNC exists in each U.S. state and most U.S. counties. The RNC also organizes volunteer groups for specific interests, such as the Black Republican Activists, GOP Hispanics, RNC Women (not to be confused with National Federation of Republican Women), GOP Faith, Asian Pacific Americans, Young Leaders and Veterans & Military Families.[7]

Other National Leaders[]

  • Treasurer: , also on the RNC Executive Committee and Rules Committee
  • Secretary:
  • General Counsel: Doyle Webb, previously on the RNC Committee on Contests and RNC Creditials Committee
  • Senate Republican Leader: Mitch McConnell
  • Senate Republican Whip: John Thune
  • Senate Republican Conference Chair: John Barrasso
  • Senate Republican Conference Vice Chairwoman: Joni Ernst
  • National Republican Senatorial Committee Chair: Todd Young
  • House Republican Leader: Kevin McCarthy
  • House Republican Whip: Steve Scalise
  • House Republican Conference Chairwoman: Elise Stefanik
  • House Republican Policy Committee Chairman: Gary Palmer

[7]

Chairs of the Republican National Committee[]

Current RNC Chair Ronna McDaniel
List of RNC Chairs hide
Chair Term State[8]
Edwin Morgan 1856–1864 New York
Henry Raymond 1864–1866 New York
Marcus Ward 1866–1868 New Jersey
William Claflin 1868–1872 Massachusetts
Edwin Morgan 1872–1876 New York
Zachariah Chandler 1876–1879 Michigan
Donald Cameron 1879–1880 Pennsylvania
Marshall Jewell 1880–1883 Connecticut
Dwight Sabin 1883–1884 Minnesota
Benjamin Jones 1884–1888 New Jersey
Matthew Quay 1888–1891 Pennsylvania
James Clarkson 1891–1892 Iowa
William Campbell[9][10][11] 1892 Illinois
Thomas Carter 1892–1896 Montana
Mark Hanna 1896–1904 Ohio
Henry Payne (Acting) 1904 Wisconsin
George Cortelyou 1904–1907 New York
Harry New 1907–1908 Indiana
Frank Hitchcock 1908–1909 Ohio
John Hill (Acting: 1909–1911) 1909–1912 Maine
Victor Rosewater 1912 Nebraska
Charles Hilles 1912–1916 New York
William Wilcox 1916–1918 New York
Will Hays 1918–1921 Indiana
John Adams 1921–1924 Iowa
William Butler 1924–1928 Massachusetts
Hubert Work 1928–1929 Colorado
Claudius Huston 1929–1930 Tennessee
Simeon Fess 1930–1932 Ohio
Everett Sanders 1932–1934 Indiana
Henry Fletcher 1934–1936 Pennsylvania
John Hamilton 1936–1940 Kansas
Joseph Martin 1940–1942 Massachusetts
Harrison Spangler 1942–1944 Iowa
Herbert Brownell 1944–1946 New York
Carroll Reece 1946–1948 Tennessee
Hugh Scott 1948–1949 Pennsylvania
Guy Gabrielson 1949–1952 New Jersey
Arthur Summerfield 1952–1953 Michigan
Wes Roberts 1953 Kansas
Leonard Hall 1953–1957 New York
Meade Alcorn 1957–1959 Connecticut
Thruston Morton 1959–1961 Kentucky
William Miller 1961–1964 New York
Dean Burch 1964–1965 Arizona
Ray Bliss 1965–1969 Ohio
Rogers Morton 1969–1971 Maryland
Bob Dole 1971–1973 Kansas
George H. W. Bush 1973–1974 Texas
Mary Smith 1974–1977 Iowa
Bill Brock 1977–1981 Tennessee
Dick Richards 1981–1983 Utah
Paul Laxalt (General Chair) 1983–1987 Nevada
Frank Fahrenkopf (National Chair) Nevada
Frank Fahrenkopf 1987–1989 Nevada
Lee Atwater 1989–1991 South Carolina
Clay Yeutter 1991–1992 Nebraska
Richard Bond 1992–1993 Missouri
Haley Barbour 1993–1997 Mississippi
Jim Nicholson 1997–2001 Colorado
Jim Gilmore 2001–2002 Virginia
Marc Racicot 2002–2004 Montana
Ed Gillespie 2004–2006 Virginia
Ken Mehlman 2006–2007 District of Columbia
Mel Martínez (General Chair) 2007 Florida
Mike Duncan (National Chair) Kentucky
Mike Duncan 2007–2009 Kentucky
Michael Steele 2009–2011 Maryland
Reince Priebus 2011–2017 Wisconsin
Ronna Romney McDaniel 2017–present Michigan

Elections[]

1993 election[]

Candidate Round 1 Round 2 Round 3
Haley Barbour 60 66 90
Spencer Abraham 47 52 57
Bo Callaway 22 19 18
John Ashcroft 26 20 Withdrew
Craig Berkman 10 8 Withdrew
  Candidate won majority of votes in the round
  Candidate secured a plurality of votes in the round
  Candidate withdrew

1997 election[]

Candidate Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5 Round 6
Jim Nicholson 23 30 38 65 74 *
David Norcross 41 46 47 50 47 Withdrew
Steve Merrill 42 42 43 46 43 Withdrew
John S. Herrington 4 4 3 3 Withdrew -
Tom Pauken 22 24 21 Withdrew -
Chuck Yob 17 18 12 Withdrew -
Robert T. Bennett 15 Withdrew
  Candidate won majority of votes in the round
  Candidate secured a plurality of votes in the round
  Candidate withdrew
  • Merrill and Norcross both dropped out after the fifth round, giving the chairmanship to Nicholson by acclamation.

2009 election[]

Main article: 2009 Republican National Committee chairmanship election

On November 24, 2008, Steele launched his campaign for the RNC chairmanship with the launching of his website.[12] On January 30, 2009, Steele won the chairmanship of the RNC in the sixth round, with 91 votes to Dawson's 77.[13]

Source: CQPolitics,[14] and Poll Pundit.[15]

Candidate Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5 Round 6
Michael Steele 46 48 51 60 79 91
Katon Dawson 28 29 34 62 69 77
Saul Anuzis 22 24 24 31 20 Withdrew
Ken Blackwell 20 19 15 15 Withdrew -
Mike Duncan 52 48 44 Withdrew
  Candidate won majority of votes in the round
  Candidate secured a plurality of votes in the round
  Candidate withdrew

On announcing his candidacy to succeed RNC Chairman Duncan, former Maryland Lt. Gov. Michael Steele described the party as being at a crossroads and not knowing what to do. "I think I may have some keys to open the door, some juice to turn on the lights," he said.[16]

Six people ran for the 2009 RNC Chairmanship: Steele, Ken Blackwell, Mike Duncan, Saul Anuzis, Katon Dawson and Chip Saltsman. After Saltsman's withdrawal, there were only five candidates during the hotly contested balloting January 30, 2009.

After the third round of balloting that day, Steele held a small lead over incumbent Mike Duncan of Kentucky, with 51 votes to Duncan's 44. Shortly after the announcement of the standings, Duncan dropped out of contention without endorsing a candidate.[17] Ken Blackwell, the only other African-American candidate, dropped out after the fourth ballot and endorsed Steele, though Blackwell had been the most socially conservative of the candidates and Steele had been accused of not being "sufficiently conservative." Steele picked up Blackwell's votes.[18] After the fifth round, Steele held a ten-vote lead over Katon Dawson, with 79 votes, and Saul Anuzis dropped out.[19] After the sixth vote, he won the chairmanship of the RNC over Dawson by a vote of 91 to 77.[20]

Mississippi Governor and former RNC chair Haley Barbour has suggested the party will focus its efforts on congressional and gubernatorial elections in the coming years rather than the next presidential election. "When I was chairman of the Republican National Committee the last time we lost the White House in 1992 we focused exclusively on 1993 and 1994. And at the end of that time, we had both houses of Congress with Republican majorities, and we'd gone from 17 Republican governors to 31. So anyone talking about 2012 today doesn't have their eye on the ball. What we ought to worry about is rebuilding our party over the next year and particularly in 2010," Barbour said at the November 2008 Republican Governors conference.[21]

2011 election[]

Main article: 2011 Republican National Committee chairmanship election
Chairman of the Republican National Committee Reince Priebus at the Western Republican Leadership Conference in October 2011 in Las Vegas

Michael Steele ran for re-election at the 2011 RNC winter meeting.[22] Other candidates were Reince Priebus, Republican Party of Wisconsin Chairman, Ann Wagner, former Ambassador to Luxembourg, Saul Anuzis, former Republican Party Chairman of Michigan, and Maria Cino, former acting Secretary of Transportation under George W. Bush. Steele's critics increasingly called on him to step down as RNC Chair when his term ended in 2011. A debate for Chairman hosted by Americans for Tax Reform took place on January 3 at the National Press Club.[23][24] The election for Chairman took place January 14 at the RNC's winter meeting with Reince Priebus winning on the seventh ballot after Steele and Wagner withdrew.

Candidate Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5 Round 6 Round 7
Reince Priebus 45 52 54 58 67 80 97
Saul Anuzis 24 22 21 24 32 37 43
Maria Cino 32 30 28 29 40 34 28
Ann Wagner 23 27 32 28 28 17 Withdrew
Michael Steele 44 37 33 28 Withdrew
  Candidate won majority of votes in the round
  Candidate secured a plurality of votes in the round
  Candidate withdrew

2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, and 2021 elections[]

Priebus won re-election with near unanimity in the party's 2013 meeting in Charlotte, North Carolina.[25] He was re-elected to a third term in 2015, setting him up to become the longest serving head of the party ever.[26]

After winning in November 2016, President-elect Donald Trump designated Priebus as his White House Chief of Staff, to begin upon his taking office in January 2017; David Bossie of Maryland was seen as a potential next RNC chairman.[27]

Trump then recommended Ronna Romney McDaniel as RNC Chairwoman and she was elected to that role by the RNC in January 2017. McDaniel was re-elected in 2019 and 2021.[28]

Current Republican National Committee members[]

A collapsible list of the voting members of the Republican National Committee follows, as of April 2021. The state chair, national committeeman and national committeewoman each receive one vote at RNC meetings and vote for RNC Chairmanship.

State Chairperson Committeeman hideCommitteewoman
Alabama[29] John Wahl Vicki Drummond
Alaska[30] Tuckerman Babcock Cynthia Henry
American Samoa[31] Utu Abe Malae Amata C. Radewagen
Arizona[32] Kelli Ward Lori Klein Corbin
Arkansas[33] Doyle Webb Jonathan Barnett
California[34] Jessica Patterson Shawn Steel Harmeet Dhillon
Colorado[35] Jeff Hays George Leing
Connecticut[36] J. R. Romano John H. Frey Leora Levy
Delaware[37] Mike Harrington W. Laird Stabler III
District of Columbia[38] José Cunningham Robert Kabel
Florida[39] Joe Gruters Peter Feaman Kathleen King
Georgia[40] David Shafer Jason Thompson
Guam[41] Jerry Crisostomo Margaret Metcalfe
Hawaii[42] Boyd Ready Gene Ward
Idaho[43] Tom Luna
Illinois[44] Tim Schneider
Indiana[45] Kyle Hupfer Anne Hathaway
Iowa[46] Jeff Kaufmann
Kansas[47] Kelly Arnold
Kentucky[48] Mac Brown Mike Duncan
Louisiana[49] Louis Gurvich Lenar Whitney
Maine[50] Demi Kouzounas Alex Willette
Maryland[51] Dirk Haire David Bossie
Massachusetts[52] Jim Lyons Keiko Orrall
Michigan[53] Ron Weiser Kathy Berden
Minnesota[54] Jennifer Carnahan[55] Janet Beihoffer
Mississippi[56] Frank Bordeaux
Missouri[57] Todd Graves Susie Eckelkamp
Montana[58] Debra Lamm Art Wittich Jennifer Fielder
Nebraska[59] Dan Welch J. L. Spray Lydia Brasch
Nevada[60] Michele Fiore
New Hampshire[61] Stephen Stepanek Steve Duprey
New Jersey[62] Doug Steinhardt Bill Palatucci Virginia Haines
New Mexico[63] Ryan Cangiolosi
New York[64] Nick Langworthy Charles P. Joyce
North Carolina[65] Michael Whatley Mark Brody Ada Fisher
North Dakota[66] Rick Berg
Northern Mariana Islands[67] James A. Ada Diego Benavente Esther Fleming
Ohio[68] Jane Timken Jim Dicke Jo Ann Davidson
Oklahoma[69] Pam Pollard
Oregon[70] Dallas Heard Solomon Yue, Jr. Vacant
Pennsylvania[71] Lawrence Tabas Robert B. Asher Christine Jack Toretti
Puerto Rico[72] Jennifer G. Colon Luis Fortuño
Rhode Island[73]
South Carolina[74] Drew McKissick
South Dakota[75] Dan Lederman Ried Holien
Tennessee[76] Scott Golden
Texas[77] James Dickey Robin Armstrong
US Virgin Islands[78] John Canegata Jevon Williams Lilliana Belardo de O'Neal
Utah[79] Rob Anderson Thomas Wright
Vermont[80] Deb Billado Suzanne Butterfield
Virginia[81] Vacant Morton Blackwell Cynthia Dunbar
Washington[82] Caleb Heimlich
West Virginia[83] Melody Potter Larry Pack Kayla Ann Kessinger
Wisconsin[84] Paul Farrow Tom Schreibel Maripat Krueger
Wyoming[85] Frank Eathorne Marti Halverson

Para Bellum Labs[]

In February 2014, during the chairmanship of Reince Priebus, the RNC launched an in-house technology incubator called Para Bellum Labs.[86] This new unit of the RNC was first headed by Azarias Reda, an engineer with a PhD in computer science from the University of Michigan. The effort is designed to help the party and its candidates bridge the technology gap. Para Bellum, translated from Latin, means "prepare for war."[87]

Federal "pay-to-play" investigation[]

In September 2019, McDaniel emailed Doug Manchester, whose nomination to become Ambassador to the Bahamas was stalled in the Senate, asking for $500,000 in donations to the Republican Party. Manchester responded, noting that his wife had given $100,000 and that his family would "respond" once he was confirmed by the Republican-led Senate to the ambassadorship. Manchester copied the email to aides of two U.S. senators whose support he needed to win confirmation. CBS News described McDaniel's action as a "possible pay-for-play scheme" for the ambassadorship.[88][89] The San Diego Union-Tribune reported in May 2021 that a federal grand jury had issued a subpoena in a criminal investigation into Manchester's nomination, apparently focused on the RNC, McDaniel and RNC co-chair Tommy Hicks, "and possibly members of Congress". The Union-Tribune reported the investigation began in 2020.[90]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Heersink, Boris (2021). "Examining Democratic and Republican National Committee Party Branding Activity, 1953–2012". Perspectives on Politics: 1–18. doi:10.1017/S1537592721000025. ISSN 1537-5927.
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  4. ^ Joseph, Cameron; Easley, Jonathan (March 18, 2013). "RNC: 'Drastic changes' needed if party hopes to remain competitive". The Hill. Retrieved March 18, 2013.
  5. ^ Heersink, Boris (July 25, 2018). "Trump and the Party-in-Organization: Presidential Control of National Party Organizations". The Journal of Politics. 80 (4): 1474–1482. doi:10.1086/699336. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 158762949.
  6. ^ Martin, Jonathan (2021-01-09). "In Capital, a G.O.P. Crisis. At the R.N.C. Meeting, a Trump Celebration". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "National Leadership". Republican National Committee. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  8. ^ The Political Graveyard web site, A Database of Historic Cemeteries, accessed July 17, 2006.
  9. ^ "Campbell To Succeed Himself. He Will Probably Be National Committeeman from Illinois Again". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2012-09-30. William J. Campbell of Chicago will succeed himself as the representative of Illinois on the National Republican committee. Mr. Campbell says he does not want the office and that he will make no effort for it, but he will be elected with few if any dissenting votes...
  10. ^ "Campbell Will Not serve..." The New York Times. July 6, 1892. Retrieved September 9, 2013.
  11. ^ "Campbell Picks His Nine..." The New York Times. July 8, 1892. Retrieved September 9, 2013.
  12. ^ Reiter, Daniel. "Steele Website Goes Live". Politicker.com. Archived from the original on January 26, 2009.
  13. ^ Burns, Alexander (2009-01-30). "It's Steele!". The Politico. Retrieved 2009-01-30.
  14. ^ "Republican Choose Michael Steele as Party Chairman". CQ Politics. January 30, 2009. Archived from the original on February 3, 2009.
  15. ^ "RNC Chairman Vote: Live Coverage". PollPundit.com. January 30, 2009. Archived from the original on February 2, 2009.
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  17. ^ Armbinder, Mark. RNC Chairman Duncan Drops Re-Election Bid Archived 2009-02-01 at the Wayback Machine, January 30, 2009, The Atlantic.
  18. ^ Cillizza, Chris. Steele Elected RNC Chair, January 30, 2009, Washington Post.
  19. ^ Hamby, Peter. BREAKING: Steele picked to lead RNC, January 30, 2009, CNN Political Ticker. Archived February 4, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ Burns, Alexander (January 30, 2009). "It's Steele!". The Politico. Retrieved January 30, 2009.
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  25. ^ Miller, Zeke J (December 8, 2014). "RNC Chairman Reince Priebus Set for Re-Election Bid". Time. Retrieved June 25, 2016. Priebus was re-elected to his second term with near unanimity in 2013 at the party's meeting in Charlotte
  26. ^ Preston, Mark (January 16, 2015). "Priebus overwhelmingly elected to third term as RNC chairman". CNN. Retrieved June 25, 2016. Priebus was elected Friday in a resounding vote to serve a third term as chairman of the Republican National Committee, putting him on course to become the longest serving head of the national party in history.
  27. ^ Jackson, Hallie; Tur, Katy; Jaffe, Alexandra (November 13, 2016). "Donald Trump Names RNC Chair Reince Priebus Chief of Staff". NBC News. p. 1. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  28. ^ Greenwood, Max (January 8, 2021). "Ronna McDaniel reelected as RNC chair". The Hill. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
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  33. ^ "Arkansas". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  34. ^ "California". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  35. ^ "Colorado". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  36. ^ "Connecticut". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  37. ^ "Delaware". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  38. ^ "District of Columbia". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  39. ^ "Florida". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  40. ^ "Georgia". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  41. ^ "Guam". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  42. ^ "Hawaii". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  43. ^ "Idaho". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  44. ^ "Illinois". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  45. ^ "Indiana". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  46. ^ "Iowa". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  47. ^ "Kansas". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  48. ^ "Kentucky". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  49. ^ "Louisiana". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  50. ^ "Maine". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  51. ^ "Maryland". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  52. ^ "Massachusetts". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  53. ^ "Michigan". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
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  55. ^ Montgomery, David (April 29, 2017). "Republicans elect outsider Jennifer Carnahan as party chair". Pioneer Press. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
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  58. ^ "Montana". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
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  63. ^ "New Mexico". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
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  65. ^ "North Carolina". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
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  70. ^ "Senator Dallas Heard talks about new ORP leadership position". Young Republicans of Oregon. April 12, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2018 – via YouTube.
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  74. ^ "South Carolina". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
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  76. ^ "Tennessee". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  77. ^ "Texas". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  78. ^ "US Virgin Islands". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  79. ^ "Utah". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  80. ^ "Vermont". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  81. ^ "Virginia". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  82. ^ "Washington". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  83. ^ "West Virginia". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  84. ^ "The Wisconsin GOP Team". Republican Party of Wisconsin. Retrieved August 28, 2021.
  85. ^ "Wyoming". Republican National Committee. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
  86. ^ "RNC Tries to Lure Tech Talent". WSJ. The RNC Tuesday is announcing the formation of Para Bellum Labs, an in-house technology incubator that combines the committee's data-analytics arm with its digital-marketing unit.
  87. ^ Johnson, Eliana (February 12, 2014). "RNC's Data Push Greeted with Skepticism". National Review. Retrieved November 6, 2015. the RNC last week unveiled Para Bellum Labs — para bellum is Latin for 'prepare for war' — an initiative designed to help the party and its candidates bridge the technology gap
  88. ^ "Possible pay-to-play scheme for ambassador role in Trump administration uncovered by CBS News". CBS News. November 18, 2019. Archived from the original on November 19, 2019. Retrieved 2019-11-19.
  89. ^ Rupar, Aaron (2019-11-18). "New investigation suggests Republicans took ambassadorial pay-to-play to new levels". Vox. Archived from the original on November 19, 2019. Retrieved 2019-11-19.
  90. ^ "Manchester's political contributions, ambassador nod are subject of criminal probe". San Diego Union-Tribune. May 15, 2021.

External links[]

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