This is a good article. Click here for more information.

Rust in Peace

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Rust in Peace
Megadeth-RustInPeace.jpg
Cover art by Ed Repka
Studio album by
Megadeth
ReleasedSeptember 24, 1990 (1990-09-24)
Recorded1989–1990
StudioRumbo Recorders, Canoga Park, California[1]
GenreThrash metal
Length40:44
LabelCapitol
Producer
Megadeth chronology
So Far, So Good... So What!
(1988) 		Rust in Peace
(1990) 		Countdown to Extinction
(1992)
Singles from Rust in Peace
  1. "Holy Wars... The Punishment Due"
    Released: September 23, 1990
  2. "Hangar 18"
    Released: February 4, 1991

Rust in Peace is the fourth studio album by American heavy metal band Megadeth, released on September 24, 1990 by Capitol Records. It has been mentioned as one of the best thrash metal records of all time by publications such as Decibel and Kerrang!, and listed in the reference book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. The album was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance at the 33rd Grammy Awards. At the 1991 Foundations Forum, the album received a Concrete Foundations Award for "Top Radio Album" and the single "Hangar 18" won "Top Radio Cut" award.[2]

Rust in Peace was the first Megadeth album to feature lead guitarist Marty Friedman and drummer Nick Menza. The songs "Hangar 18" and "Holy Wars... The Punishment Due" were released as singles. A remixed and remastered version of the album featuring four bonus tracks was released in 2004.

Background and production[]

In 1988, Megadeth appeared at the Monsters of Rock festival at Donington Park in the UK, alongside Iron Maiden, Kiss, Helloween, Guns N' Roses, and David Lee Roth. The band performed to an audience of more than 100,000 people [3] and was soon added to the "Monsters of Rock" European tour, but dropped out after the first show due to bassist David Ellefson's drug problems.[4] Further issues within the band caused frontman and guitarist Dave Mustaine to fire drummer Chuck Behler and guitarist Jeff Young, and canceled their scheduled 1988 Australian tour.[5] Nick Menza, previously Behler's drum tech, was hired as the band's new drummer.[6] The search for a new guitarist was a drawn out process; Mustaine examined a number of guitarists for the job, including Dimebag Darrell of Pantera and Jeff Waters of Annihilator, and the former was initially offered the job before declining.[7] Mustaine had asked original Megadeth guitarist Chris Poland to rejoin the band, with Poland tracking lead guitar parts on a few demos. According to Poland he was "99 percent going to join" the band but was talked out of it by his manager.[8] According to Mustaine, one of the last guitarists he had heard about, Marty Friedman, had sent him a copy of Dragon's Kiss, on which Friedman played. Upon listening to the record, Mustaine had Friedman come in to audition and hired him.[6] This would become the band's first stable line-up and, as recognized by fans, the 'classic' Megadeth lineup.[9]

The album title Rust in Peace was inspired by a bumper sticker that Mustaine saw on the back of a vehicle while driving home from Lake Elsinore, California. The sticker read: 'May all your nuclear weapons rust in peace'. Mustaine liked the concept and decided to use it as a title for Megadeth's upcoming album.[10] Rust in Peace was recorded at Rumbo Recorders with producer Mike Clink, while the mixing was handled by Max Norman.[11] Clink was brought in for his work on both Guns N' Roses' Appetite for Destruction and UFO's Strangers in the Night.[12] The producer's work dealt mostly with the bass, drums and Friedman's guitar.[13] In a 2002 interview, Mustaine declared that they "really didn’t make the record with [Clink]" as at the time he was focused on Guns N' Roses' Use Your Illusion I and II — which were also being recorded at Rumbo — and stated most of the work in the album was done by himself, Norman, and engineer Micajah Ryan.[14]

The album artwork was created by artist Ed Repka,[11] who previously had done the cover for Peace Sells... but Who's Buying? in 1986.[15] It references "Hangar 18", and depicts band mascot Vic Rattlehead and world leaders of the era viewing an alien body. The depicted world leaders, left to right, are British Prime Minister John Major (although the identity is disputed), Japanese Prime Minister Toshiki Kaifu, West German President (and later President of a reunified Germany) Richard von Weizsäcker, Soviet Union president Mikhail Gorbachev, and U.S. president George H. W. Bush.[16] In addition to creating the album's cover, Repka also supplied artwork for the album's two singles.[17]

Composition[]

The album features multiple lyrical themes: religion,[18] politics and warfare, as well as Mustaine's personal issues, such as his fight against drug and alcohol addiction,[19] UFO conspiracy theories[20] and even the Marvel Comics character Punisher.[21]

The opening song, "Holy Wars... The Punishment Due" finds its thematic inspiration derived from the Northern Ireland conflict, in which the largely Catholic nationalist community were in conflict with the mainly Protestant loyalist community over the sovereignty of the six counties of Northern Ireland. Mustaine has said that at a show in Antrim, Northern Ireland, he discovered bootlegged Megadeth T-shirts were on sale. He was dissuaded from taking action to have them removed on the basis that they were part of fund raising activities for "The Cause",[22] explained as something to bring equality to Catholics and Protestants in the region. Liking how "The Cause" sounded as was explained to him, Mustaine dedicated a performance of "Anarchy in the U.K." to it, causing the audience to riot.[23] The band were forced to travel in a bulletproof bus after the show.[14][24] This incident, along with Marvel's Punisher, inspired Mustaine to write the song.[21]

"Rust in Peace... Polaris", addresses the topic of nuclear warfare,[25] with "Polaris" referring to the Cold War-era Lockheed UGM-27 Polaris intercontinental ballistic missile.[26] Mustaine has revealed that the song, originally titled "Child Saint", was one of his earlier compositions, having been written before his tenure with Metallica (1982–83).[14] Menza proposed the concept for "Hangar 18", a song about UFO conspiracies and Area 51.[20] Musically, the song features twin guitar solos after the verse.[27]

Release and reception[]

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic4.5/5 stars[28]
Chicago Tribune4/4 stars[29]
Encyclopedia of Popular Music4/5 stars[30]
Entertainment WeeklyB+[31]
Record Collector4/5 stars[32]
Rock Hard9.5/10[33]
Rolling Stone4/5 stars[34]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide3.5/5 stars[35]
Sputnikmusic5/5 stars[36]

Rust in Peace was released on September 24, 1990, by Capitol Records.[37] In 1994, the album was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipping one million copies in the United States.[38] Rust in Peace, along with the rest of Megadeth's Capitol-released studio albums, was remixed and remastered in 2004.

Upon release, the album received widespread critical acclaim.[5] Greg Kot of the Chicago Tribune called it Megadeth's most accomplished album, praising its "instrumental virtuosity, thoughtful lyricism and punkish rage".[29]

Robert Palmer of Rolling Stone wrote that the album is demonstration of how far the "nasty speed thrash" concept can go without being "formulaic and boring".[34][39] Reviewing the album for Entertainment Weekly, Jim Farber described the music as "sheer velocity, combined with dexterity" and Mustaine's lyrics as "nihilistic whimsy".[31] Mike Stagno from Sputnikmusic agreed that the songwriting was "top notch" on the album, as well as the fast and technical musicianship. He also spoke highly of Friedman's and Mustaine's guitar performance, calling them "one of the most potent duos in the scene".[36]

Spin reviewer Tom Nordlie praised the album, deeming it a "mature, complex, surprisingly consonant and sparely produced album", and concluded that Rust in Peace "never sleeps".[40] Music journalist Kim Cooper also noted the album's maturity and wrote that Rust in Peace "transcended the hard rock genre and raised the bar to a whole new level".[41] Another positive reaction came from Rock Hard, whose writer Holger Stratmann stated that the record was "pure Megadeth", filled with "razor sharp guitars" and "snotty vocals".[33]

Legacy and influence[]

In retrospective analysis, Rust in Peace has been cited as having a large impact on its genre.[42] Heavy metal magazine Decibel labeled the album as a "genre-defining work",[43] while Kerrang! wrote that the record "set a new standard for heavy metal in the 90s".[44] IGN named Rust in Peace the fourth most influential heavy metal album of all time, commenting that the album "displays Dave Mustaine's finest writing ever".[45] Additionally, Martin Popoff ranked it eleventh among the best heavy metal albums of all time.[46] In a reader poll organized by MusicRadar in 2010, Rust in Peace was voted as the sixth best metal album ever. The MusicRadar staff explained that the record saw Megadeth moving "into the big league", while staying true to their intricate sound and lyricism.[47] In a list compiled by Chad Bowar of About.com, Rust in Peace was placed as the best heavy metal album of the 1990s and named a "thrash masterpiece".[48] The album was nominated for Best Metal Performance at the 33rd Grammy Awards.[49] The album was also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.[50]

Dave Mustaine in Moscow during the album's 20th anniversary tour

The tracks "Holy Wars... The Punishment Due" and "Hangar 18" have become staples of Megadeth's live set, and are fan favorites.[51] In 2010, the band announced a 22-show North American tour to celebrate the 20th anniversary of Rust in Peace. The band performed the entire album at every show.[52][53] Dates in South and Central America were later added to the tour, due to positive response from fans.[54] In 2010, Shout! Factory released a live recording filmed on the Hollywood Palladium stop of the tour,[55] entitled Rust in Peace Live. It was released on September 7, 2010 in Blu-ray, CD and DVD formats,[56] and debuted at number 161 on the Billboard 200 and number two on the Billboard DVD charts.[57]

Rust in Peace in its entirety was released as purchasable downloadable content in the rhythm game Rock Band, a part of their "Rust in Peace Download Package".[58] It was released a little more than a year after the release of Peace Sells...But Who's Buying? on the game's download store. A cover version of "Holy Wars" by Steve Ouimette was featured in Rock Revolution.[59] "Holy Wars" was also featured in Guitar Hero: Warriors of Rock,[60] while "Hangar 18" was featured in Guitar Hero II and as downloadable content for Guitar Hero 5.[61][62] Both songs have been described as amongst the most difficult songs in the series' history.[60] "Holy Wars", "Hangar 18" and "Tornado of Souls" were also released as downloadable content for Rocksmith 2014

A sequel to "Hangar 18" titled "Return to Hangar" later featured on Megadeth's ninth studio album, The World Needs a Hero.

Track listing[]

All songs written and composed by Dave Mustaine, except where noted.[11]

Side one
No.TitleLength
1."Holy Wars... The Punishment Due"6:36
2."Hangar 18"5:14
3."Take No Prisoners"3:28
4."Five Magics"5:42
Side two
No.TitleLyricsMusicLength
5."Poison Was the Cure"  2:58
6."Lucretia" Mustaine, David Ellefson3:58
7."Tornado of Souls"Mustaine, Ellefson 5:22
8."Dawn Patrol" Ellefson1:50
9."Rust in Peace... Polaris" (5:44 on remaster)  5:36
Total length:40:44
1993 Korean edition bonus track
No.TitleLyricsMusicLength
10."Breakpoint"Ellefson, Menza, MustaineEllefson, Menza, Mustaine3:29
Total length:44:13
2004 remix/remaster bonus tracks[6]
No.TitleMusicLength
10."My Creation"Mustaine, Menza1:36
11."Rust in Peace... Polaris" (demo) 5:25
12."Holy Wars... The Punishment Due" (demo) 6:16
13."Take No Prisoners" (demo) 3:23
Total length:57:24

Personnel[]

Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.[6][11]

Megadeth

  • Dave Mustaine – lead vocals, lead and rhythm guitars
  • David Ellefson – bass, backing vocals
  • Marty Friedman – lead and rhythm guitars
  • Nick Menza – drums, backing vocals
  • Chris Poland – lead and rhythm guitars (tracks 11–13; 2004 reissue)

Artwork

  • Edward J. Repka – cover illustration and artwork
  • Dave Mustaine – cover concept
  • Gene Kirkland – photography
  • Wendi Schaeffer – assistant photography

Production

  • Produced by Dave Mustaine and Mike Clink
  • Recording and engineering by Micajah Ryan and Mike Clink
  • Assistant recording engineering by Andy Udoff
  • Mixed by Max Norman
  • Mastered by Greg Fulginiti
  • Technician – Tom Mayhue

Management

  • Ron Laffitte – Management for Lippman Kahane, Ent.
  • Errol Gerson & Co., Inc – Business management
  • Andy Somers – Worldwide Booking agent for Triad Artists, Inc
  • John Jackson – European Booking agent for Fair Warning Agency. Ltd
  • Leonard Korobkin, Esq. – Legal
  • Brockum – Merchandise

2004 remix and remaster

  • Produced by Dave Mustaine
  • Mixed by Ralph Patlan and Dave Mustaine
  • Engineered by Ralph Patlan with Lance Dean
  • Edited by Lance Dean with Scott "Sarge" Harrison
  • Mastered by Tom Baker
  • Additional demo recording by Chris Poland

Charts[]

Chart (1990) Peak
position
Australian Albums (ARIA)[63] 47
Canadian Albums (Billboard)[57] 70
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)[63] 72
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[63] 21
Japanese Albums Chart (Oricon)[64] 29
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[63] 35
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[63] 34
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[63] 29
UK Albums (Official Charts Company)[65] 8
US Billboard 200[57] 23

Certifications[]

Region Certification Certified units/sales
Argentina (CAPIF)[66] Gold 20,000^
Canada (Music Canada)[67] Platinum 100,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[68] Gold 100,000^
United States (RIAA)[38] Platinum 1,000,000^

^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

Accolades[]

Region Year Publication Accolade Rank
Canada 2004 Martin Popoff Top 500 Heavy Metal Albums of all Time[46] 11
United Kingdom 1990 Kerrang! Albums of the Year[30] 11
1990 Select Albums of the Year[30] 46
2000 Terrorizer The 100 Most Important Albums of the 90s[30] *
2006 Classic Rock & Metal Hammer The 200 Greatest Albums of the 90s[30] *
2010 MusicRadar The 50 Greatest Heavy Metal Albums of All Time[47] 6
2014 Metal Hammer 50 Hottest Thrash Albums of All Time[30] 3
United States 2002 Revolver The 69 Greatest Metal Albums of All Time[30] 54
2006 Robert Dimery 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die[30] *
2007 IGN Top 25 Metal Albums[45] 4
2012 About.com Best Heavy Metal Albums of 1990[69] 1
2012 Best Heavy Metal Albums of the 1990s[48] 1
2017 Rolling Stone 100 Greatest Metal Albums of All Time[70] 19

Appearances[]

  • "Hangar 18" appeared in the 2006 video game Guitar Hero II.
  • "Tornado of Souls" appeared in the 2009 video game Brütal Legend.
  • The whole album was featured as DLC for the Rock Band video game series on February 9, 2010.

References[]

  1. ^ "Rumbo Recorders client list". Archived from the original on 2018-05-27. Retrieved 2015-03-30.
  2. ^ http://www.concreteplanet.com/assets/RawOct30Nov12.pdf
  3. ^ The International Who's Who in Popular Music. Psychology Press. 2002. p. 368. ISBN 1-85743-161-8.
  4. ^ Gray, Robert (February 20, 2010). "David Ellefson On Recording New Megadeth Album: 'That's The Plan'". Ultimate-Guitar.com. Archived from the original on February 23, 2010. Retrieved January 1, 2014.
  5. ^ a b Larkin 1995, p. 1654.
  6. ^ a b c d Rust in Peace liner notes (2004 re-release). Capitol Records. 2004. pp. 4–5.
  7. ^ "Dave Mustaine: Kerry King Hates My Guts". Ultimate-Guitar.com. Guitar World magazine. August 16, 2013. Retrieved November 18, 2013.
  8. ^ "Former Megadeth Guitarist Chris Poland Is Working On 'Liar' Memoir". Blabbermouth.com. December 21, 2019.
  9. ^ Kajzer 2010, p. 320.
  10. ^ Mustaine 2011, p. 230.
  11. ^ a b c d Rust in Peace liner notes (original release). Capitol Records. 1990. pp. 3, 16.
  12. ^ "Megadeth's David Ellefson: Return To The Hangar". Monitor. Peavey Electronics. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
  13. ^ Ellefson, Dave; McIver, Joel (2013). My Life with Deth: Discovering Meaning in a Life of Rock & Roll. Simon & Schuster. p. 89. ISBN 978-1451699890.
  14. ^ a b c Bienstock, Richard (September 17, 2010). "Megadeth: Rust Never Sleeps". Guitar World. p. 3. Archived from the original on December 2, 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
  15. ^ Peace Sells... But Who's Buying? liner notes (2004 re-release). Capitol Records. 2004. p. 4.
  16. ^ Chantler, Chris (January 27, 2016). "An Illustrated History of Vic Rattlehead". Teamrock.com. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
  17. ^ Downey, Ryan (October 18, 2011). "The History of Vic Rattlehead". Roadrunner Records. Retrieved August 23, 2014.
  18. ^ Kajzer 2010, p. 322.
  19. ^ Pillsbury 2006, p. 83.
  20. ^ a b Davies, Claire (September 29, 2010). "Megadeth interview (Monster Riffs Week)". MusicRadar. Retrieved January 1, 2014.
  21. ^ a b "Dave Mustaine Says Megadeth and Slayer 'Started to Become Close' in Australia". Blabbermouth.net. Roadrunner Records. November 4, 2009. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
  22. ^ "Holy Wars...The Punishment Due". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on March 9, 2014. Retrieved December 6, 2013.
  23. ^ Kajzer 2010, pp. 317–318.
  24. ^ "Megadeth Mainman Reacts To "The Cause" In Ireland". Brave Words & Bloody Knuckles. November 12, 2005. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
  25. ^ Walser 1993, p. 158.
  26. ^ Popoff, Martin (2002). The Top 500 Heavy Metal Songs of All Time. ECW Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-1-55022-530-3.
  27. ^ Wagner 2010, p. 44.
  28. ^ Huey, Steve. "Megadeth - Rust in Peace". AllMusic. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  29. ^ a b Kot, Greg (November 8, 1990). "Megadeth: Rust in Peace". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
  30. ^ a b c d e f g h "Megadeth: Rust in Peace". Acclaimed Music. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  31. ^ a b Farber, Jim (October 26, 1990). "Rust in Peace Review". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved March 3, 2012.
  32. ^ "Megadeth - Rust in Peace CD Album". CD Universe. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  33. ^ a b Stratmann, Holger. "Megadeth: Rust In Peace (1990)". Rock Hard (in German). Retrieved October 28, 2013.
  34. ^ a b Palmer, Robert (November 15, 1990). "Megadeth: Rust In Peace : Music Reviews". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on October 23, 2007. Retrieved November 10, 2010.
  35. ^ Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian David (2004). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide. Simon & Schuster. p. 534. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
  36. ^ a b Stagno, Mike (August 6, 2006). "Rust In Peace — Megadeth". Sputnikmusic. Retrieved March 3, 2012.
  37. ^ Wiederhorn, Jon. "25 Years ago: Megadeth Release the Tech-Thrash Groundbreaker 'Rust in Peace'". Loudwire. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
  38. ^ a b "RIAA Gold and Platinum Database Search". Recording Industry Association of America. Archived from the original on June 26, 2007. Retrieved January 1, 2014.
  39. ^ Birchmeier, Jason. "Rust in Peace (reissue) — Megadeth". AllMusic. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
  40. ^ Nordlie, Tom (December 1990). "Megadeth: Rust in Peace". Spin: 88. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
  41. ^ Cooper 2012, p. 148.
  42. ^ Wagner 2010, p. 43.
  43. ^ "Megadeth "Rust in Peace"". Decibel. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  44. ^ "Megadeth — Where to Start with". Kerrang!. Archived from the original on May 1, 2009. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  45. ^ a b Spence D. and Ed T. (January 19, 2007). "Top 25 Metal Album". IGN. Archived from the original on January 11, 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
  46. ^ a b Popoff, Martin (2004). The Top 500 Heavy Metal Albums of All Time. ECW Press. ISBN 1-55022-600-2.
  47. ^ a b MusicRadar team (April 28, 2010). "The 50 Greatest Heavy Metal Albums Of All Time". MusicRadar. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
  48. ^ a b Bowar, Chad (November 29, 2012). "Best Heavy Metal Albums Of The 1990s". About.com. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  49. ^ "Awards Database". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 26, 2009.
  50. ^ Robert Dimery; Michael Lydon (7 February 2006). 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die: Revised and Updated Edition. Universe. ISBN 0-7893-1371-5.
  51. ^ Bansal, Andrew (November 6, 2010). "Megadeth Enthralls Arizona With Last North American Show Of The Year". Metalassault.com. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
  52. ^ "Megadeth, Testament, Exodus To Team Up For North American Tour". Blabbermouth.net. Roadrunner Records. January 25, 2010. Archived from the original on March 10, 2010. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
  53. ^ "Photos Of 'Rust In Peace 20th Anniversary Tour' Kick-Off Posted Online". Blabbermouth.net. Roadrunner Records. March 4, 2010. Archived from the original on May 10, 2010. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
  54. ^ "Megadeth To Perform Entire 'Rust In Peace' Album On Mexico/South America Tour". Blabbermouth.net. Roadrunner Records. March 30, 2010. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
  55. ^ "Megadeth To Release 'Rust In Peace Live' DVD". Blabbermouth.net. Roadrunner Records. June 23, 2010. Archived from the original on July 26, 2010. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
  56. ^ "Megadeth to Release 'Rust in Peace Live' Blu-Ray, DVD and CD". Guitar World. June 23, 2010. Archived from the original on May 24, 2012. Retrieved November 26, 2010.
  57. ^ a b c "Megadeth — Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  58. ^ "Megadeth's 'Rust in Peace' Hits Rock Band Store Next Week". Blabbermouth.net. Roadrunner Records. February 4, 2010. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
  59. ^ Fahey, Mike (August 4, 2008). "The Full Rock Revolution Setlist". Kotaku. Retrieved February 23, 2009.
  60. ^ a b Dave Mustaine (speaker) (September 1, 2010). Dave Mustaine Talks Guitar Hero: Warriors of Rock (Flash video) (Trailer). Activision. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
  61. ^ Roper, Chris (October 9, 2006). "IGN: Guitar Hero II Final Tracklist Revealed". IGN. Retrieved July 24, 2008.
  62. ^ "The Guitar Hero(R) Music Library Rocks the Entire Month of August With Tracks From The Used, Sum 41, Weezer, P.O.D. and Megadeth". Activision. August 2, 2010. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  63. ^ a b c d e f "Megadeth - Rust in Peace". australian-charts.com. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  64. ^ "メガデス-ORICON STYLE ミュージック" (in Japanese). Oricon. Retrieved September 30, 2008.
  65. ^ "The Official Charts Company — Megadeth". Official Charts Company. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
  66. ^ "Discos de Oro y Platino - Megadeth". Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
  67. ^ "Canadian album certifications – Megadeth – Rust in Peace". Music Canada.
  68. ^ "British album certifications – Megadeth – Rust in Peace". British Phonographic Industry.Select albums in the Format field. Select Gold in the Certification field. Type Rust in Peace in the "Search BPI Awards" field and then press Enter.
  69. ^ Bowar, Chad (November 29, 2012). "Best Heavy Metal Albums Of 1990". About.com. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  70. ^ Sheffield, Rob (21 June 2017). "100 Greatest Metal Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media LLC. Retrieved 22 June 2017.

Bibliography[]

External links[]

Retrieved from ""