Sapieha
Sapieha | |
---|---|
Current region | Poland and Lithuania |
Members | Lew Sapieha Eustachy Sapieha |
Estate(s) | Sapieha Palace in Warsaw Sapieha Palace in Lviv Sapieha Palace in Vilnius Ruzhany Palace |
Sapieha ([saˈpʲjɛxa]; Lithuanian: Sapiega; Belarusian: Сапега, Sapeha) is a Polish and Lithuanian noble and magnate family of Lithuanian and Ruthenian origin,[1][2][3] descending from the medieval boyars of Smolensk and Polotsk.[1][4] The family acquired great influence and wealth in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the 16th century.
History[]
The first confirmed records of the Sapieha family date back to the 15th century, when Semen Sopiha (Belarusian: Сямён Сапега) was mentioned as a writer (scribe) of the then King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, Casimir IV Jagiellon (Polish: Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk) for the period of 1441–49. Semen had two sons, Bohdan and Iwan.
Possibly, the family of Semen Sopiha owned the village of Sopieszyno near Gdansk, which they left because of the Teutonic invasion. Sopieszyno is one of the oldest Pomeranian villages. The records have it that already in the 11th-12th centuries it was a knightly estate.[5] It was then mentioned in 1399 as a village owned in fiefdom by knights subject to the Polish Crown.[5] Their family could be involved in the Baltic-Volga trade, as many Pomeranian families. The family descended from Ukrainian boyars subject to Lithuania.[6]
The creator of the fortune and power of the Sapieha family was the Court and Great Chancellor and Great Hetman of Lithuania, Lew Sapieha.
The princely title of the Sapieha-Kodenski branch was recognized in Poland in 1572 and in Austria-Hungary in 1845, while that of the Sapieha-Rozanski line was officially acknowledged in Russia in 1880.[7]
On 14 September 1700, Michał Franciszek Sapieha had obtained the title of prince from Emperor Leopold I, but the title became extinct upon his death on 19 November 1700. That year, the family lost its dominant position in the Grand Duchy as a result of its defeat in the Lithuanian Civil War. In 1768, members of the Sapieha family obtained recognition of the princely title from the Polish Sejm. After the partitions of Poland, the family appeared in the list of persons authorised to bear the title of Prince of the Kingdom of Poland in 1824. The title was recognised in Austria in 1836 and 1840, and in Russia in 1874 and 1901. In 1905, the family obtained the qualification of Serene Highness in Austria.
The maternal grandmother of Queen Mathilde of Belgium was a Princess of the house of Sapieha.
Coat of arms[]
The Sapieha family used the Polish coat of arms named "Lis".[7]
Original arms of the Princes Sapieha
Later arms of the Princes Sapieha (1858–1859)
Notable members[]
- Adam Stefan Sapieha (1867–1951), cardinal, archbishop of Kraków
- (1892–1970), cavalryman, aviator
- Aleksander Michał Sapieha (1730–1793), voivode of Płock, Field Lithuanian Hetman, Grand Lithuanian Chancellor, marshal of the Lithuanian Tribunal
- (1888–1976), aviator
- (1894–1945), he participated in the Polish–Soviet War, member of the Armia Krajowa
- Andrzej Sapieha (1539–1621), Great Royal Deputy Cup-bearer of Lithuania, castellan of Minsk, and Voivode of Polotsk and Smolensk
- Anna Zofia Sapieha (1799–1864), wife of Adam Jerzy Czartoryski
- (1960), Princess Sapieha-Rozanski
- Bohdan Sapieha, several people
- (1797–1860), he participated in the November uprising, politically tied with the "Hôtel Lambert"
- Eustachy Sapieha (1881–1963), politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs 1920-1921
- (1916–2004), hunter, historian of the Sapieha family
- (1772–1829), general, he participated in the
- Fryderyk Sapieha (1599–1650), voivode of Mścisław, podkomorzy of Vitebsk
- Kazimierz Lew Sapieha (1607–1656), Marshal of the Crown, son of Lew Sapieha
- (1910–1989), head of House Sapieha,[7] he participated in the Defence War of 1939
- Jan Fryderyk Sapieha (1680–1751), Grand Recorder of Lithuania
- Jan Kazimierz Sapieha the Elder (?–1730), Grand Hetman of Lithuania
- Jan Kazimierz Sapieha the Younger, (ca. 1642–1720), Field Hetman
- (1935) head of House Sapieha,[7] sometime Belgian ambassador to Brazil[8]
- Jan Piotr Sapieha (1569–1611), Polish royal officer
- Jan Stanisław Sapieha (1589–1635), Court Marshal of Lithuania, Great Lithuanian Marshal
- , he participated in the Polish–Soviet War
- (1920–1941), pilot of the Polish Air Forces in Great Britain in World War II
- Kazimierz Nestor Sapieha (1757–1798), political activist, general
- Leon Aleksander Sapieha (1883–1944), landlord, member of the Sejm, member of Związek Walki Zbrojnej and the Armia Krajowa
- (1915–1940), pilot of the Polish Air Forces in Great Britain in World War II
- Leon Sapieha (1803–1878), political and economic activist
- (1913–1990), poet, writer
- Lew Sapieha (1557–1633), Court Chancellor and Great Hetman of Lithuania
- (1910–2009), social activist
- Michał Franciszek Sapieha (1670–1700), General, Koniuszy
- Mikołaj Krzysztof Sapieha (1613–1639), voivode of Minsk
- Mikołaj Sapieha (1581–1644), voivode of Minsk and of Brześć Litewski, castellan of Vilnius
- Mikołaj Sapieha (1588–1638), voivode of Minsk and of Nowogródek
- (1983), model and product designer, wife of fashion photographer Prince Constantin Swiatopolk-Czetwertyński[8]
- Paweł Jan Sapieha (1609–1665), voivode of the Witebsk and Vilnius, Great Hetman of Lithuania
- (1900–1987), he participated in the Polish–Soviet War
- (1860–1934), traveler, first chairman of the Polish Red Cross
- Paweł Stefan Sapieha (1565–1635), Deputy Chancellor of Lithuania
- (1921–1944), member of the Armia Krajowa, she participated in the Warsaw uprising of 1944
- (1896–1919), defender of Lwów
- Teresa Sapieha (died c.1784), wife of Hieronim Florian Radziwiłł and
- Tomasz Sapieha (1598–1646), voivode of Wenden and of Nowogródek
- Władysław Leon Sapieha (1853–1920), landowner, social activist
Palaces[]
Sapieha Palace in Vilnius
Ruins of the castle in Holszany (1853)
Palace of Aleksander Sapieha in Ružany
Castle of Krasicki and Sapieha in Krasiczyn
Sapieha Palace in Wieleń
Sapieha Palace in Lviv
Palace in Bobrek
Palace "Placencja", summer residence in Kodeń
Palace of Jan Fryderyk Sapieha in Warsaw
Remains of the castle in Kodeń
Castle in Wysokie
Palace in Grodno
See also[]
- Ruzhany Palace
- Sapieha Palace in Vilnius
- Sapieha Palace in Warsaw
- Sapieha Palace in Lviv
- Polish nobility
- Belarusian nobility
- Lithuanian nobility
- List of szlachta
- Sapieha beaker
Bibliography[]
- Labarre de Raillicourt, Dominique., Histoire des Sapieha (1440-1970), Paris, 1970
- Sapieha E., Dom Sapieżyński, Warszawa 1995. Numery /112 przy nazwiskach oznaczają numery biogramów w/w pozycji.
- Tłomacki A., "Sapiehowie Kodeńscy", nakładem własnym, Warszawa 2009
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b Энцыклапедыя ВКЛ. Т.2, арт. "Сапегі"
- ^ Саверчанка І.В. Канцлер Вялікага княства. Леў Сапега, Мн., Навука і тэхніка, 1992, с.63
- ^ Чаропка В. Бацька Айчыны. Леў Сапега. ў кнізе "Уладары вялікага княства", Мн., Беларусь, 1-е издание 1996, 2-ое издание 2002, с.327–408
- ^ Vernadsky, George. A History of Russia. New Haven. Connecticut: Yale University Press. 1961. online
- ^ Jump up to: a b Bork, Bolesław (1994). Nowy Dwór Wejherowski, Gniewowo i Sopieszyno. Wydawca Rada Gminy Wejherowo.
- ^ "Sapieha Family". Britannica. Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Enache, Nicolas. La Descendance de Marie-Therese de Habsburg. ICC, Paris, 1996. pp. 72, 80-81. (French). ISBN 2-908003-04-X
- ^ Jump up to: a b Menthe, Caterina. 13 February 2013 Love royale. Vogue Arabia
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- Surnames