Sarcostemma

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Sarcostemma
Sarcostemma viminale Khanon-199.jpg
Sarcostemma viminale
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order:
Gentianales
Family:
Apocynaceae
Subfamily:
Asclepiadoideae
Tribe:
Asclepiadeae
Subtribe:
Genus:
Sarcostemma

Sarcostemma australe

Sarcostemma is a genus of flowering plants in the dogbane family, Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1810. The name is derived from the Greek words σαρκὸς (sarkos), meaning "flesh," and στέμμα (stemma), meaning "garland".[2] Members of the genus are known generally as climbing milkweeds or caustic bushes. They are found across Africa and tropical Asia, in Australia, and in parts of North America. These plants are perennial flowering shrubs with trailing vines or lianas. They are often adapted to heat and/or desert conditions. Some have few or no leaves and photosynthesize in the tissues of the green stems. The soft stems are filled with a milky white latex that is poisonous and caustic in some species. The flowers have a ring of thick tissue at the base which extends into hollow spherical appendages within the flower corolla.

Taxonomy[]

The taxonomic status of this genus is contested.

The genus Sarcostemma has been shown to be nested within the genus Cynanchum, and in 2012 Sarcostemma was put into synonymy with Cynanchum.[3][4] Thus Sarcostemma viminale has been renamed Cynanchum viminale. However this change has not been accepted by all taxonomists and the name Sarcostemma remains in use by a minority.[5]

Species[6]
  1. Sarcostemma acidum (Roxb.) Voigt - S China, India, Nepal, N Indochina[7]
  2. (Ball) R.W. Holm. - Peru
  3. Sarcostemma angustissima R.W.Holm - Galápagos
  4. Decne. ex Benth. - Baja California Sur
  5. Hook. & Arn. - Guerrero in Mexico
  6. Wight. & Arn. - Sri Lanka
  7. Sarcostemma clausum (Jacq.) Schult. - Florida; much of Latin America + West Indies
  8. Benth. - Aguascalientes in Mexico
  9. Sarcostemma cynanchoides Decne. - Coahuila in Mexico
  10. Decne. - Mexico
  11. Kunth - Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Peru
  12. Sarcostemma hirtellum (A.Gray) R.W.Holm - California, Arizona, Nevada
  13. Decne. - Honduras, Yucatán
  14. Waterf. - Oklahoma
  15. Desc. - Madagascar
  16. N.E.Br. - Namibia
  17. (Donn. Sm.) L.O. Williams - Chiapas, Guatemala
  18. (L.) Bennett - India
  19. Hook.f. - Pakistan
  20. (A. Gray) Woodson - Texas, NE Mexico
  21. Hiern. - Angola
Formerly included[6]

moved to other genera (Cynanchum, Funastrum, Leptadenia, Philibertia, Tetraphysa)

  1. S. antsiranense, syn of
  2. S. aphyllum, syn of Cynanchum viminale
  3. S. campanulatum, syn of
  4. S. carpophylloides, syn of
  5. S. decorsei, syn of
  6. S. donianum, syn of
  7. S. elachistemmoides, syn of
  8. S. esculentum, syn of Oxystelma esculentum
  9. S. flavum, syn of
  10. S. gilliesii, syn of
  11. S. gracile, syn of
  12. S. grandiflorum, syn of
  13. S. hastatum, syn of
  14. S. implicatum, syn of
  15. S. incanum, syn of
  16. S. insigne, syn of
  17. S. lehmannii, syn of
  18. S. lysimachioides, syn of
  19. S. marsupiflorum, syn of
  20. S. mauritianum, syn of
  21. S. membranaceum, syn of
  22. S. mulanjense, syn of Cynanchum viminale subsp. mulanjense
  23. S. odontolepis, syn of Cynanchum viminale subsp. odontolepis
  24. S. odoratum, syn of
  25. S. oresbium, syn of
  26. S. pannosum, syn of
  27. S. pyrotechnicum, syn of Leptadenia pyrotechnica
  28. S. quadriflorum, syn of
  29. S. resiliens, syn of
  30. S. rotundifolium, syn of
  31. S. solanoides, syn of
  32. S. stipitaceum, syn of Cynanchum viminale subsp. stipitaceum
  33. S. stipitatum, syn of
  34. S. stoloniferum, syn of
  35. S. tetrapterum, syn of Cynanchum viminale
  36. S. tomentellum, syn of
  37. S. trichopetalum, syn of
  38. S. vailiae, syn of
  39. S. vanlessenii, syn of
  40. S. variifolium, syn of
  41. S. viminale, syn of Cynanchum viminale

References[]

  1. ^ "Genus: Sarcostemma R. Br". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2005-11-28. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
  2. ^ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names. 4 R-Z. Taylor & Francis US. p. 2388. ISBN 978-0-8493-2678-3.
  3. ^ Goyder, D.J 2008 Nomenclatural changes resulting from the transfer of tropical African Sarcostemma to Cynanchum (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) Kew Bulletin 63:3
  4. ^ Ulrich Meve, Sigrid Liede-Schumann 2012. Taxonomic dissolution of Sarcostemma (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae). Kew Bulletin 67:4
  5. ^ Schmelzer, G. H. ; Gurib-Fakim, A. ; Arroo, R. R. J. ; Bosch, C. H. ; de Ruijter, A. ; Simmonds, M. S. J. 2008 “Plant Resources of Tropical Africa, Volume 11: Medicinal Plants 1” Backhuys Publishers, Wageningen, Netherlands.
  6. ^ a b The Plant List, Sarcostemma
  7. ^ Flora of China, Vol. 16 Page 202 肉珊瑚 rou shan hu Sarcostemma acidum (Roxburgh) Voigt. 1845. Hort. Suburb. Calcutt., p. 542.

External links[]

Media related to Sarcostemma at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Sarcostemma at Wikispecies

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