Scandoromani language

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Scandoromani
Native toNorway
Native speakers
c. 100–150 (2014)[1]
Speakers mostly elderly. More people speak Swedish with some Roma vocabulary.[1]
Para-Romani, mixed Romani–Scandinavian
Official status
Official language in
recognised minority language in
 Norway (1993)
 Sweden (1999)
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
rmg – Traveller Norwegian
rmu – Tavringer Romani (Sweden)
rmd – Traveller Danish
Glottologtrav1236  Norwegian
tavr1235  Swedish
trav1237  Danish
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Scandoromani (tavringens rakripa, from tavring = traveller and rakripa = language[2]) is a North Germanic based Para-Romani. It is spoken by the Scandinavian Romanisæl Travellers, a Romani minority community, in Norway (c. 100–150 elderly speakers),[1] and formerly in Sweden.

Subforms are referred to as:

  • Traveller Norwegian,[3] Norwegian norsk romani (Norwegian Romani), in Norway;
  • Tavringer Romani,[4] Traveller Swedish or Tattare,[5] Swedish svensk romani (Swedish Romani), in Sweden;
  • Traveller Danish[6] in Denmark.

Like Angloromani in Britain and Caló in Spain, Scandoromani draws upon a (now extinct) vocabulary of inflected Romani. Much of the original Romani grammar, however, has been lost to the users, and they now communicate in Swedish or Norwegian grammar.

There is no standardised form of Scandoromani, so variations exist in vocabulary, pronunciation, and usage, depending on the speaker. In print, Scandoromani words are often written with Swedish (S) or Norwegian (N) letters (ä, æ, ø, å) and letter combinations to represent Romani sounds, e.g., tj- (/ɕ/) or kj- (/ç/ alt. /tʃ/) to represent the Romani č /tʃ/ and čh /tʃʰ/. Some examples of Scandoromani variant spellings are: tjuro[7] (S) / kjuro[2] (N) 'knife'; gräj[7] (S) / grei[2] (N) 'horse'.

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ a b c Gerd Carling, Lenny Lindell, Gilbert Ambrazaitis: Scandoromani: Remnants of a Mixed Language. Leiden: Brill, 2014, p. 5
  2. ^ a b c Karlsen, Ludvig. "Tavringens Rakripa: Romanifolkets Ordbok" (in Norwegian and Traveller Norwegian). Landsorganisasjonen for Romanifolket. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved November 18, 2008.
  3. ^ "Traveller Norwegian in the Language Cloud". Ethnologue. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  4. ^ "Tavringer Romani in the Language Cloud". Ethnologue. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  5. ^ LLOW Language Server - Tavringer Romani
  6. ^ "Traveller Danish". Ethnologue. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  7. ^ a b Resande Folkets Riksorganisation (2006). Ordlista i resandespråket romani (in Swedish and Traveller Norwegian) (2nd ed.). Malmö: Föreningen Resande Folkets Riksorganisation. ISBN 91-631-9668-9.
  • Ian Hancock: The social and linguistic development of Scandoromani; in: Ernst Håkon Jahr (ed.): Language Contact: Theoretical and Empirical Studies, as Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs 60. Berlin; New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1992, pp. 37–52, ISBN 3-11-012802-0
  • Gerd Carling, Lenny Lindell, Gilbert Ambrazaitis: Scandoromani: Remnants of a Mixed Language. Leiden: Brill, 2014 ISBN 9789004266445

Suggested further reading[]

External links[]

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