Sedad Hakkı Eldem

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Sedad Hakkı Eldem
Portrait of Sedad Hakkı Eldem
Born	Ömer Sedad Hakkı Eldem (1908-12-20)December 20, 1908 Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
Died	September 7, 1988(1988-09-07) (aged 79) İstanbul, Turkey
Nationality	Turkish
Occupation	Architect
Awards	Aga Khan Award for Architecture (1986) National Architecture Awards (in Turkey) (Big Award) (1988)

Sedad Hakkı Eldem (1908 in Constantinople – 7 September 1988, in Istanbul), was a Turkish architect and one of the pioneers of nationalized modern architecture in Turkey.

Biography[]

Eldem was born in Istanbul in 1908. He graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts department of Architecture. Between 1931 and 1932 he travelled to France, England and Germany with a scholarship of the academy. In 1932 he opened his own office and started teaching at the Academy of Fine Arts, which he continued until retirement in 1978. In 1934 he worked for the National Architecture Seminar in Turkey, which was disaster for him because of the discussions between modern architecture and traditional architecture.^{[citation needed]} In 1938 he designed the . Eldem represented the Turkish Republic at the International Union of Architects in Lozan (1948) after the Second World War. The same year, Eldem also worked with his colleague on the project of . He worked on the proportions and architectural organization of Ottoman domestic houses, 18th and 19th century palaces and mansions. He was known as a role model and pioneer of reinterpreting classical Ottoman patterns in modern architecture. He was a part of the Former Artifacts Maintain Council () between 1941 and 1945 and also a part of the Supreme Council of Antiquities and Monument Real Estate () between 1962 and 1978.

His goal was to nationalize modern architecture. He believed that International Style in architecture should not be applied everywhere and that some aspects should be changed by considering the national and domestic texture.

He won the international Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 1986 with the project of .

He died on 7 September 1988 in Istanbul.

Architecture[]

Eldem's architecture essentially has four main periods. The first of them, between 1928 and 1934, is known for the instability of his work. After that, the second period is popular with modern trials^{[clarification needed]} on Ottoman architectural organization. The time frame of this period spans from 1934 until 1952. The third period of his architecture, from 1952 to 1962, has lost its Ottoman influence and looks more modernized. The last era of Eldem's architecture is known for his double approach on projects.^{[clarification needed]} This final period started in 1962, and lasted until his death in 1988.

• The years between 1928 and 1934 are defined as preparation years for Eldem. During these years the architect worked in Istanbul, Paris and Berlin but there is no remaining architecture. The only structure that has been built in that period is a temporary in 1931. This structure gives us few clues about his searching in architecture. While Eldem had tried almost every approach popular in these years, he also tried to combine them even if they were all contradictory. He even give parts to different architectural elements in one design. For example, one of his trials in Paris, embassy project has Auguste Perret impressions in details, its planimetry has traditional middle "sofa" and "Eyvan" types of components that usually belong to Turkish architecture. The architect was also inspired by a scheme peculiar to Iran and the Middle East, named . At the same time he studied the styles of Art Deco, Le Corbusier, Hoffmann, Olbrich, Tessenow and Webb. Despite this and his instability of style, he never abandoned his research into traditional and domestic Ottoman civil architecture. He made use of all styles as much as they compromise with traditional architecture. Styles that do not overlap with domestic architecture were not used.
  • Returning from Europe to Istanbul did not affect Eldem's instability about architectural style. His first examples in Istanbul show different elements. (1933) has traits of Art Deco, (1934) has features of International Style, while (1934) has elements of Le Corbusier. However all of the imaginary projects in Europe give their places to realistic projects in Istanbul even if they are not built. Instead of large, fancy mansions, at that time there were modest houses and buildings published in the journal Arkitekt.
• The instability period of the architect ends with his Yalova Thermal Hotel (1934–1937) and (1936–1937) projects. These projects also mark the beginning of a new era of Eldem's architecture. He started to become well-known in Turkey for his architecture and approach to modern architecture. Yalova Thermal Hotel was the first nationalized modern work in Turkey. In these years, there was discussion about interpretation in modern architecture. Eldem was one of the pioneers of defending the idea of nationalized modern architecture.
  • From 1934 to 1952 Eldem worked on some trials on traditional Ottoman houses' plan organizations and exterior elements in more modernized ways. These works are connected with his historiographical research. Eventually he tried to "invent the tradition" in modern aspects of his time. For example, Ağaoğlu House was designed with an elliptical type of "sofa", (1942) with a middle type of "sofa" and (1938) designed with a karnıyarık ('split out from the middle') type of "sofa".^{[clarification needed]} Some of his projects had have strong connections between international style and domestic tradition; on the other hand, traditional Turkish elements stay in the background just for being a little touches. For example, (1947–1948) was designed with T-shaped plan which is a traditional scheme, and international view kept in minimum. However, (1943) only looks national from the outside, whereas the faculty buildings of Ankara University (1943–1945) and Istanbul University (1942–1947) were inspired by Nazi Germany. The Turkish part of these mass buildings is hidden in the details.
• Between 1952 and 1962 Eldem's architecture kept Ottoman civil architectural characteristics at a minimum. (1955–1959) and (1956–1957) were built with more likely rationalized modernist style. Also that impact known by the name of "California modern". Hilton Hotel's (1952–1955) design shows us almost nothing about Eldem's architecture. In that process the hotel owes its standard American view to SOM^{[definition needed]} despite Eldem. (1952) is a successful example of American flort.^[spelling?]
• The years after 1960 were known as Eldem's and the Republic of Turkey's leaping and changing years. The architect has two different approaches in these years. The first is heroic and monumental, moving away from a traditional and domestic perspective, like the and . The other approach looks more like Eldem's: eclectic and different trials on Ottoman civil architecture give their places to a vocabulary that Eldem's own.^{[clarification needed]} For example, a horizontal roof line, wide canopies, and well-proportioned windows and cantilevers are features used in the designs of Zeyrek Social Security Facilities (1962–1964), (1965–1968), (1965), (1966–1967) etc.

List of significant works[]

• First period of his architecture (1928–1934)
  • 1931: in Budapest Exhibition, Budapest
  • 1932: in Taksim, Istanbul
  • 1932: in Fındıklı, Istanbul
  • 1934: in Maçka, Istanbul
  • 1934: in Yalova
  • 1936: in Teşvikiye, Istanbul
• Second period of his architecture (1934–1952)
  • 1938: in Beylerbeyi, Istanbul
  • 1942: in , Ankara
  • 1942: Istanbul University, in Beyazit, Istanbul
  • 1943: Ankara University, in , Ankara
  • 1943: Admiral Bristol Hospital and Nursing House in Teşvikiye, Istanbul
  • 1947: Taşlık Coffee House in Maçka, Istanbul
• Third period of his architecture (1952–1962)
  • 1952: Second Safyurtlu House in Yeniköy, Istanbul
  • 1955: Florya Facilities in Florya, Istanbul
  • 1956: in Büyükada, Istanbul
  • 1956: in Emirgan, Istanbul
• Fourth period of his architecture (1962–and after)
  • 1960: India Embassy Residence in , Ankara
  • 1962: in Zeyrek, Istanbul
  • 1964: in Yeniköy, Istanbul
  • 1965: in , Istanbul
  • 1966: Akbank Administration Building in Fındıklı, Istanbul
  • 1973: in Ankara
  • 1975: in Tarabya, Istanbul

References[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sedad Hakkı Eldem.

• Sibel Bozdogan, Suha Ozkan and Engin Yenal, Sedat Hakki Eldem: Architect in Turkey, Singapore: Concept Media Ltd./Aga Khan Trust for Culture, 1987.
• Edhem Eldem, Uğur Tanyeli, Bülent Tanju, (2008), Sedad Hakkı Eldem I: Gençlik Yılları, Osmanlı Bankası Arşiv ve Araştırma Merkezi, ISBN 9789944731058
• Uğur Tanyeli, Bülent Tanju, (2009), Sedad Hakkı Eldem II: Retrospektif, Osmanlı Bankası Arşiv ve Araştırma Merkezi, ISBN 9789944731126
• Uğur Tanyeli, (2007), Sedad Hakkı Eldem, Boyut Press Group, ISBN 9789755214559
• TIMMOB Chamber of Architects, (2010), 100 Yıl'da İki Mimar, ISBN 9789944898881