Seria

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Seria Pekan Seria
Municipality and village
Clockwise from top left: Seria Town, "I Love Seria" sign, Seria Energy Lab, Seria Oil Refinery
Location in Brunei
Coordinates: 4°36′51″N 114°19′49″E / 4.614132°N 114.330246°E / 4.614132; 114.330246Coordinates: 4°36′51″N 114°19′49″E / 4.614132°N 114.330246°E / 4.614132; 114.330246
Country	Brunei
District	Belait
Mukim	Seria
Government
• Body	Kuala Belait and Seria Municipal Board
Area [1]
• Municipality	1.56 km2 (0.60 sq mi)
Postcodes	KB1133, KB1233
Website	bandaran-kb.gov.bn

Seria (Malay: [sǝria] (listen)) is a town in Belait District, Brunei. It is the birthplace of the country's petroleum industry; oil was struck here in 1929.^[2]

History[]

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Seria was originally known as Padang Berawa, which means "Wild Pigeon's Field" in Malay.

According to the Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam, the name 'Seria' was given by the British authorities, an acronym for the South East Reserved Industrial Area. The Industrial Area is located near the place where oil was first discovered in the area in 1929. The correctness is however doubtful given the fact that Seria is geographically located in the north west of Brunei and not the south east. The nearby river that flows into the South China Sea near the site where oil was first discovered is called "Seria".

The first commercial oil well ^[3] was built in 1929 in Padang Berawa on the west bank of the Seria river (Sungai Seria).^[4]

Seria area was gazetted as a municipal area in 1936. The town came under the authority of the Kuala Belait Sanitary Board^[5] which also had responsibility for the municipal area of Kuala Belait.

The first landing of the Japanese invasion force during World War II in Borneo was at Seria where the Left Flank of the Kawaguchi Detachment came ashore about 04:40 on 16 December 1941, nine days after the Pearl Harbor bombing. They were faced with a scene of devastation of the oilfields due to "Operation Denial" carried out by employees of the (now Brunei Shell Petroleum) and the 2nd Battalion, 15th Punjab Regiment, and British Army Royal Engineers. The invasion force continued oil drilling units and restoration of the oilfields began immediately under Chief Engineer Sato. Over the next three years, the Japanese restored production to nearly pre-war levels, the activity being hectic as other sources of supply to the Japanese war machine were closed off, so much so that most of the oil fueling the Japanese in the last six months of the war came from Seria. Operation "Ha-Go 2", the Japanese denial exercise commenced on 10 June 1945, the day of the Australian liberation forces landing at Muara. The fires could be seen 100 km out to sea. When the Australian 9th Division as part of Operation Oboe Six eventually entered Seria on 29 June 1945, the situation was chaotic, with 38 oil well fires, demolished buildings and wrecked installations. By 17 August 1945, when American fire fighting teams (Patton and son) arrived, 26 of the fires had been put out by oilfield staff assisted by a detachment of the Australian Royal Engineers. By November, production was restored, albeit stored in temporary tanks, and oil export to Lutong recommenced on 11 December 1945.

Seria was also one of the centres of a small rebellion against the monarchy on 8 December 1962, which was suppressed by the British Army. This event became known as the Brunei Revolt.^[6]

Administration[]

Seria officially constitutes two village subdivisions, in which they are under Mukim Seria:

Seria has also been incorporated as a municipality (bandaran) and is the responsibility of the Kuala Belait and Seria Municipal Board. The municipal area constitutes 1.56 square kilometres (0.60 sq mi)^[1] and encompasses parts of the aforementioned village subdivisions, bounded by Jalan Tengah and the Seria Arena to the north, Jalan Lorong Satu Barat to the east, Jalan Bolkiah to the south, and Jalan Lorong Tiga Barat to the west.^{[9][additional citation(s) needed]}

Oil and gas[]

Burning oil wells in Seria during the Battle of North Borneo, 1945. A US PT boat is on the foreground.

Seria is the heart of the oil industry in Brunei, and also the site of the first commercial onshore oilfield discovered in Brunei. The town sits atop the Seria Field, which was discovered in 1929 and has been continuously in production since then with the exception of short periods after the Japanese invasion and Allied liberation of Brunei in the Second World War. There are numerous nodding donkeys in and around the town and this has become the unofficial symbol of the town.

Pumpjack located in Seria near the Billionth Barrel Monument.

Reports circulate of a major oil well blowout in 1953, which resulted in well liquids flowing out of fissures in the ground. (Cited in Tingay 'et al.', "Present-day Stress orientation in Brunei...", Jnl.Geol.Soc.Lond. vol. 162 pp39–49, 2005)

The Brunei Shell Petroleum (BSP) Company Limited is headquartered in Panaga and has various facilities related to the oil and gas industry in Seria. The Seria Refinery is the only refinery in Brunei and is located in the Sungai Bera area together with the Seria Crude Oil Terminal (SCOT), the New Gas Compression Plant (NGCP) and the New Industrial Area (NIA). The open-air oil water treatment facility at the Sungai Bera Holding Basin has since been discontinued due to environmental reasons.

Tourist attractions[]

The Billionth Barrel Monument

• Pekan - the first mosque in Brunei to have a dome in its architectural design
• The Oil and Gas Discovery Centre - an interactive museum run by Brunei Shell Petroleum
• The Billionth Barrel Monument - commemorating the billionth barrel of crude oil produced from the Seria Field.
• The roundabout at the intersection of and .
• The roundabout at the intersection of Jalan Maulana and . A statue representing Freedom is located at the centre of this roundabout.
• The is one of the finest areas in Brunei for observing migrating birds.
• The Panaga area has a resident population of Hornbills

Sports and recreation[]

Public recreational activities in Seria are mostly limited to the country clubs ( and the ). There is an 18-hole golf course in Panaga Club and an Equestrian area in the Brunei Shell Recreation Club.

The British Army maintains its own recreational activities within the British Garrison. This area is not open to the public.

Fishing and windsurfing is carried out at Jubilee Recreation Park (Taman Rekreasi Jubli in Malay) in Anduki. It was opened by His Majesty, the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Negara Brunei Darussalam, in 1992, a contribution from Brunei Shell Petroleum to commemorate the Silver Jubilee of the Sultan to the throne of Brunei.

Craig Adams of the NHL's Pittsburgh Penguins was born in Seria, though raised in Calgary, Alberta. Adams won a Stanley Cup with the Carolina Hurricanes in 2006, and with the Pittsburgh Penguins in 2009.

Power generation[]

Electricity used to be locally generated with a natural gas-fired power plant.^[10] This has since been demolished and replaced with a solar plant, with a generation capacity of 1.344 MWh.^[11] Local demand is higher than the generation capacity and electricity from the Lumut Power Plant is sent to Seria.

The solar installation is the only functioning clean energy source in Brunei as of 2013.

Climate[]

The Seria Coast has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International.^[12]

Transportation[]

Road[]

Most of the roads within the municipality are surfaced. However, not all the roads are level to encourage effective drainage during a downpour. The main commercial street in the municipality is and shops and other commercial buildings can also be found in the vicinity.

Seria is connected by roads west through Panaga towards Mumong and Kuala Belait, east through Sungai Bera and Anduki to Lumut, Labi and Bandar Seri Begawan and south besides the Housing Scheme area towards the Seria Bypass.

The main highway from the Malaysian border west of Kuala Belait to Muara Town passes south of the municipality. This section is known as the Seria Bypass.

The taxi stand and bus depot is located at the south-east quarter of the intersection between Jalan Sultan Omar Ali and Jalan Bunga Pinang.

Rail[]

There are no working railways or light rail in Seria. The route and remnants of a wooden railway from Seria to Badas that was built by the British Malayan Oil Company (now Brunei Shell Petroleum) before the war to service the water supply to Seria from the Badas pumping station on the Sungai Belait are still visible. BMP staff hid essential components of the railway from the Japanese during World War II who therefore were unable to restore it so it fell into disrepair. When the liberation forces of the Australian 9th Division arrived, these components miraculously re-appeared and the railway was quickly restored to action to carry two 25 pounder guns and ammunition to Badas, to harry a Japanese contingent that was still in the area. George William Percival Clark ran the pump station before, during and after the war. He was also president of the Shell Recreation Club in Seria in 1951. Two of his daughters, Patsy and Gracie, were drowned in the Badas river in 1951 as a result of a boating accident.

Ferry, river and port services[]

There are no ferry services, river services or port services in Seria. The nearest port is in Kuala Belait, and the nearest deepwater port in Brunei is Muara Port.

Air[]

There are no airports in Seria. However, there is an airfield in Anduki that caters mainly for flights to offshore Brunei Shell Facilities. Commercial travellers would have to travel to either Bandar Seri Begawan or Miri to catch a commercial flight. There are also a number of helipads around Seria town, including one at Panaga Health Centre and at the Brunei Shell Petroleum Headquarters.

A heliport is located inside the British Army Jungle Warfare Training School, which RAF Bell 212s are commonly seen. The helicopters belong to the No. 7 Flight AAC.

Schools[]

Hornbill flying overhead in Seria.

Schools in Seria include:

• Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Religious School (Public Islamic Religious School)
• Anthony Abell College (Public)
• Sultan Bolkiah Vocational School (Public)
• Pengiran Setia Negara Pengiran Mohd Yusof Primary School (Public)
• Chung Ching Middle School (Private - Chinese)
• St. Angela's Mission School (Private - Catholic former All-Girls School, but is now a boys' and girls' school since the merging with St Micheal's)
• St. Margaret's Mission School (Private - Anglican, One of the International school in Brunei)
• Sekolah Rendah Panaga (Public)
• Hornbill school for military families children

St. Michael's Mission School was the first English school in the country. It was a Private Catholic All-Boys School. Due to declining numbers, it was closed down in late 2006 and its student body was merged with the formerly all-girls catholic school St Angela's.

Infrastructure[]

The Anduki area also houses the An-Naem Islamic cemetery site. The An-Naem Islamic cemetery site occupies an estimated 8 acres (32,000 m²) and has 25 blocks. Opened in 1993, four blocks with 220 burial plots have been occupied.^[14]

Notable people[]

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• Yang Berhormat Pehin Orang Kaya Pekerma Dewa Dato Seri Paduka Awang Lim Jock Seng, Second Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei.
• Yang Berhormat Pehin Datu Singamanteri Colonel (Retired) Dato Seri Paduka Awang Haji , Deputy Minister of Defence of Brunei.
• Yang Mulia Haji Mohd Rozan bin Dato Paduka Haji Mohd Yunos, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Development of Brunei.
• Craig Adams, National Hockey League player for the Pittsburgh Penguins. He was born in Seria and raised in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
• The former Malaysian Minister of Agriculture and Education, Tan Sri Datuk Amar Dr Haji Sulaiman Haji Daud, who hailed from Sarawak, used to work as a dentist in the Government clinic in Seria, before entering the political scene in his own country.
• Cardinal Cornelius Sim, first Vicar Apostolic and Cardinal of Brunei.

Gallery[]

• 

  Aerial view of Seria Town

• 
• 
• 

  Seria Energy Lab

• 

  Seria Oil Refinery

• 

  Seria Fire station

• 

  Area Sport Complex

• 

  Anduki Airfield

• 

  Seria Coast

• 

  Radio towers

Notes[]