Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Ashraf al-Ḥusaynī al-Samarqandī (c. 1250 – c. 1310) was a 13th-century astronomer and mathematician from Samarkand .
Life and works [ ]
Nothing is known of al-Samarqandi's life except that he composed his most important works in the last two decades of the 7th and early decades of the 8th centuries A.H. He wrote works on theology , logic , philosophy , mathematics and astronomy which have proved important in their own right and also in giving information about the works of other scientists of his period. Al-Samarqandi wrote a work Risala fi adab al-bahth which discussed the method of intellectual investigation of reasoning using dialectic . Such methods of enquiry were much used by the ancient Greeks. He also wrote Synopsis of Astronomy , and produced a star catalogue for the year 1276–77. In mathematics, al-Samarqandi is famous for a short work of only 20 pages which discusses 35 of Euclid's propositions. Although a short work, al-Samarqandi consulted widely the works of other Muslim mathematicians before writing it. For example, he refers to writings by Ibn al-Haytham , Omar Khayyam , al-Jawhari, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi , and Athīr al-Dīn al-Abharī .[1] [2] [3]
References [ ]
Maturidi school of Sunni theology
Maturidi scholars
3rd AH/9th AD 4th AH/10th AD
Abu Zayd al-Dabusi (d. 429 AH)
Ali Hujwiri (d. 464 AH)
Yūsuf Balasaguni (d. 469 AH)
Fakhr al-Islam al-Bazdawi (d. 482 AH)
Al-Sarakhsi (d. 483 AH)
Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi (d. 493 AH)
5th AH/11th AD 6th AH/12th AD 7th AH/13th AD 8th AH/14th AD
Al-Sharif al-Jurjani (d. 816 AH)
Bande Nawaz (d. 825 AH)
Shams al-Din al-Fanari (d. 834 AH)
'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari (d. 841 AH)
Yaqub al-Charkhi (d. 851 AH)
Ahmad ibn Arabshah (d. 861 AH)
Badr al-Din al-'Ayni (d. 855 AH)
Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam (d. 861 AH)
Khidr Bey (d. 863 AH)
Ali al-Bistami (d. 874 AH)
'Ali al-Qushji (d. 879 AH)
Mehmed the Conqueror (d. 886 AH)
Khwaja Ahrar (d. 895 AH)
9th AH/15th AD
Ali-Shir Nava'i (d. 906 AH)
Husayn Kashifi (d. 910 AH)
Ibn Kemal (d. 940 AH)
Abdul Quddus Gangohi (d. 943 AH)
Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī (d. 955 AH)
Taşköprüzade (d. 968 AH)
Muhammad Birgivi (d. 980 AH)
Ebussuud Efendi (d. 982 AH)
10th AH/16th AD
Khwaja Baqi Billah (d. 1011 AH)
'Ali al-Qari (d. 1014 AH)
Hasan Kafi al-Aqhisari (d. 1025 AH)
Ahmad Sirhindi (d. 1034 AH)
Mahmud Hudayi (d. 1037 AH)
'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi (d. 1052 AH)
Mulla Mahmud Jaunpuri (d. 1061 AH)
'Abd al-Hakim al-Siyalkoti (d. 1067 AH)
Wang Daiyu (d. around 1068 AH)
Kâtip Çelebi (d. 1068 AH)
Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji (d. 1069 AH)
Khayr al-Din al-Ramli (d. 1081 AH)
11th AH/17th AD 12th AH/18th AD
Gelenbevi Ismail Efendi (d. 1204 AH)
Murtada al-Zabidi (d. 1205 AH)
Sanaullah Panipati (d. 1225 AH)
Ghabdennasir Qursawi (d. 1226 AH)
Ghulam Ali Dehlavi (d. 1239 AH)
Shah Abdul Aziz (d. 1239 AH)
Shah Ismail Dehlvi (d. 1246 AH)
Syed Ahmad Barelvi (d. 1246 AH)
Ibn 'Abidin (d. 1252 AH)
Muhammad 'Abid al-Sindi (d. 1257 AH)
Mamluk Ali Nanautawi (d. 1267 AH)
Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi (d. 1278 AH)
Yusuf Ma Dexin (d. 1291 AH)
Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi (d. 1297 AH)
Naqi Ali Khan (d. 1297 AH)
'Abd al-Ghani al-Maydani (d. 1298 AH)
13th AH/19th AD
'Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi (d. 1304 AH)
Shihab al-Din al-Marjani (d. 1306 AH)
Rahmatullah al-Kairanawi (d. 1308 AH)
Giritli Sırrı Pasha (d. 1312 AH)
Ahmed Cevdet Pasha (d. 1312 AH)
Imdadullah Muhajir Makki (d. 1317 AH)
Abai Qunanbaiuly (d. 1321 AH)
Rashid Ahmad Gangohi (d. 1323 AH)
Ahmad Hasan Amrohi (d. 1330 AH)
Muhammad Anwaarullah Farooqui (d. 1335 AH)
Mahmud Hasan Deobandi (d. 1338 AH)
Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi (d. 1340 AH)
Shakarim Qudayberdiuli (d. 1344 AH)
Muhammad Ali Mungeri (d. 1346 AH)
Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri (d. 1346 AH)
Anwar Shah Kashmiri (d. 1352 AH)
Muhammad Bakhit al-Muti'i (d. 1354 AH)
Fatma Aliye Topuz (d. 1354 AH)
Meher Ali Shah (d. 1356 AH)
Muhammed Hamdi Yazır (d. 1361 AH)
Ashraf Ali Thanwi (d. 1361 AH)
Ubaidullah Sindhi (d. 1364 AH)
Shabbir Ahmad Usmani (d. 1368 AH)
Musa Bigiev (d. 1368 AH)
Muhammad Zahid al-Kawthari (d. 1371 AH)
Kifayatullah Dehlawi (d. 1371 AH)
Mustafa Sabri (d. 1373 AH)
Husayn Ahmad al-Madani (d. 1377 AH)
Süleyman Hilmi Tunahan (d. 1378 AH)
Ömer Nasuhi Bilmen (d. 1391 AH)
Muhammad Abu Zahra (d. 1394 AH)
Muhammad Shafi' Deobandi (d. 1395 AH)
Abul Wafa Al Afghani (d. 1395 AH)
Abdul Majid Daryabadi (d. 1397 AH)
14th AH/20th AD
Theology books
See also
Maturidi-related templates
Hanafi
Ash'ari
Sufi
Islamic theology
2nd/8th
Abu Hanifa (founder of the school; 699–767)
Abu Yusuf (738–798)
Ibn al-Mubarak (726–797)
Muhammad al-Shaybani (749–805)
Yahya ibn Ma'in (774–807)
Waki' ibn al-Jarrah (d. 812)
3rd/9th 4th/10th
Al-Tahawi (843–933)
Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (853–944)
Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi (b. 874)
Al-Jassas (917-981)
Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi (944-983)
5th/11th
Abu al-Husayn al-Basri (d. 1044)
Ali Hujwiri (1009-1072)
Al-Bazdawi (1010-1089)
Al-Sarakhsi (d. 1090)
Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi (1030-1100)
Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi (d. 1115)
6th/12th 7th/13th 8th/14th 9th/15th
Nur Qutb Alam (d. 1416)
Shams al-Din al-Fanari (1350-1431)
'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari (1377-1438)
Badr al-Din al-Ayni (1361-1451)
Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam (1388-1457)
Ali Qushji (1403-1474)
Khidr Bey (b. 1407)
10th/16th
Ibn Kemal (1468-1536)
Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī (1460-1549)
Muhammad Birgivi (1522-1573)
Ebussuud Efendi (1490-1574)
Ali al-Qari (d. 1606)
11th/17th 12th/18th
Syed Hayatullah (d. 1722)
Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi (1641-1731)
Syed Mohammad Zaman (d. 1756)
Hashim Thattvi (1692-1761)
Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (1703-1762)
Murtada al-Zabidi (1732-1790)
Sanaullah Panipati (1730-1810)
Majduddin (fl. 1780s)
Mawlana Murad (fl. 1790s)
Syed Mohammad Rafi (d. 1803)
13th/19th 14th/20th 15th/21st Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence
Islamic theology
Fields
Aqidah Philosophy
‘Aql
Education
Logic
Peace
Science
Astronomy
Cosmology
Physics
Sufism
Theologians
Key books
Early Muslim scholars
List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam
Islamic schools and branches
Mathematics in medieval Islam
Mathematicians
9th century 10th century 11th century 12th century 13th century 14th century 15th century 16th century
Al-Birjandi
Muhammad Baqir Yazdi
Taqi ad-Din
Ibn Hamza al-Maghribi
Ahmad Ibn al-Qadi
Mathematical works
The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing
De Gradibus
Principles of Hindu Reckoning
Book of Optics
The Book of Healing
Almanac
Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
Toledan Tables
Tabula Rogeriana
Zij
Concepts Centers
Al-Azhar University
Al-Mustansiriya University
House of Knowledge
House of Wisdom
Constantinople observatory of Taqi al-Din
Madrasa
Maragheh observatory
University of Al Quaraouiyine
Influences
Babylonian mathematics
Greek mathematics
Indian mathematics
Influenced
Byzantine mathematics
European mathematics
Indian mathematics
Related
Hindu–Arabic numeral system
Arabic numerals (Eastern Arabic numerals , Western Arabic numerals )
Trigonometric functions
History of trigonometry
History of algebra
Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world
Astronomers
8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th
Yang Guangxian
Ahmad Khani
Al Achsasi al Mouakket
Mohammed al-Rudani
Topics
Works
Instruments Concepts
Almucantar
Apogee
Astrology in medieval Islam
Astrophysics
Axial tilt
Azimuth
Celestial mechanics
Celestial spheres
Circular orbit
Deferent and epicycle
Earth's rotation
Eccentricity
Ecliptic
Elliptic orbit
Equant
Galaxy
Geocentrism
Gravitational potential energy
Gravity
Heliocentrism
Inertia
Islamic cosmology
Moonlight
Multiverse
Muwaqqit
Obliquity
Parallax
Precession
Qibla
Salah times
Specific gravity
Spherical Earth
Sublunary sphere
Sunlight
Supernova
Temporal finitism
Trepidation
Triangulation
Tusi couple
Universe
Institutions
Al-Azhar University
House of Knowledge
House of Wisdom
University of Al Quaraouiyine
Observatories
Constantinople (Taqi al-Din)
Maragheh
Samarkand (Ulugh Beg)
Influences Influenced