South Korean animation

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South Korean animation
Hangul	애니, 만화영화
Revised Romanization	aeni, manhwa yeonghwa
McCune–Reischauer	aeni, manhwa yŏnghwa

South Korean animation, or aeni (/ˈæni/; Korean: 애니), has become an industry that produces characters for other countries' companies, exports its creations globally and generates billions of dollars in profits.

Etymology[]

The word aeni comes from the English word "animation" as written in Hangeul, 애니메이션 (aenimeisheon), similar to Japanese アニメーション (animēshon). Just like anime, aenimeisheon was shorten to aeni. However, aeni usually refers to Japanese animation in colloquial usage,^[1] although it can refer to Korean animation or animation in general. To distinguish it from its Japanese counterpart, Korean animation is often called hanguk aeni (Korean: 한국 애니; lit. Korean animation)^[2] or guksan aeni (Korean: 국산 애니; lit. domestic animation).^[3]

A Sino-Korean term manhwa yeonghwa (Korean: 만화영화; Hanja: 漫畫映畫), a portmanteau of manhwa and the Korean term for movie, is also used as a general term for all animation.^[4]

History[]

The South Korean animation industry was in a period of crisis throughout the 2000s. Depression at the reality of being an industry that the West merely gave factory-type drawing to begin to sink in. This followed the 1990s, a period of explosive growth for the industry when Korean studios made most of their profits from OEM, mostly from the United States.^{[citation needed]}

In many ways, 2011 was a bright transitional year for Korean animation, with home-produced animated feature films finally finding box office success in South Korea, instead of facing the usual financial failure. As far as overseas export market is concerned, the likes of Rough Draft Korea (RDK) kept on landing new contracts, which have seen Rough Draft perform the manual work on over 45 popular Western cartoon titles over 16 years.^[5]

South Korean animation has boomed in popularity in Eastern Asia with the success of the series Pororo the Little Penguin and Origami Warriors in 2011, leaving fans wanting to discover more Korean animations. This success is due in part to perfecting the Korean animation technique, and financial returns being reinvested into new animated products.^{[citation needed]}

Some Korean animators still blame the booming Korean game industry for draining the animation industry's talent pool,^[6] but the box office success of the Korean animated film Leafie^[7] in 2011 in South Korea is inspiring a new generation.^{[citation needed]}

Animation industry[]

Animation contracts for Korean animation studios range from collaboration/minor contribution contracts, to most of the work. The South Korean animation industry can be considered dynamic as there are more than a hundred animation studios. While it is mostly firms in South Korea that contract with Western studios, some of the work is reported to be subcontracted to North Korea as well.^[8]

Korean animation characters in public spaces[]

• Larva subway was a subway based on and featured a Larva character. It operated from November 2014 until May 2015 on line No. 2. The Seoul government and Metro explained that they wanted to give citizens a chance to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the subways opening.^[9]
• Tayo buses were organized by the Seoul Metropolitan Government, the Bus Transport Business Association, and the animation company which made Tayo the Little Bus for the Public Transportation Day. In 2014, the Seoul Metropolitan Government commissioned buses designed as the characters of Tayo the Little Bus to go around the Gwanghwamun Square area of the city.^[10]
• In 2014, statues of Larva and Pororo the Little Penguin were installed in World Park, which is a square in the Lotte World II Hotel. They were well received by citizens and tourist.^[11]

Market[]

In 2010, according to the Korea Creative Content Agency, the Korean market share of domestic characters was about 28% and the remaining 72% was for foreign characters, such as those from Japan and USA. In 2012, experts predicted that the total market size would grow to ₩10 trillion (equivalent to ₩10.63 trillion or US$9.41 billion in 2017)^[12] in the near future .^[13] In 2014, the domestic character market share soared to 40% and its value in 2013 had reached ₩8 trillion (equivalent to ₩8.4 trillion or US$7.43 billion in 2017)^[12].

Korean characters as international business[]

Before the emergence of Korean domestic characters, characters that enjoyed popularity were mostly from the United States and Japan.^[14] However, as the industry matured and grew in size, domestic characters received preference not just domestically but also internationally.

List[]

TV Series[]

• Tteodori Kkachi / 떠돌이 까치 (1987)
• Kkachi's Wings / 까치의 날개 (1988)
• Dooly the Little Dinosaur / 아기공룡 둘리 (1987)
• Fairy Land ABC / 동화나라 ABC (1987)
• Run Hani / 달려라 하니 (1988)
• Taekwon Dongja Maruchi / 태권동자 마루치 (1988)
• Naughty Hani / ��방지축 하니 (1989)
• 2020 Space Wonder Kiddy / 2020 우주의 원더키디 (1989)
• Wizard Boy Mutterl / 머털도사 (1989)
• Once Upon a Time / 옛날 옛적에 (1990)
• Yeongsimi / 영심이 (1990)
• General of the Earth / 흙꼭두장군 (1991)
• Fly Superboard / 날아라 슈퍼보드 (1991, 1998, 2001)
• Pink the Fairy / 요정 핑크 (1991)
• Penking and Linking / 펭킹 라이킹 (1992)
• Kori, The Son of Wizard / 마법사의 아들 코리 (1993)
• School of Love / 사랑의 학교 (1994)
• Koby Koby / 꼬비꼬비 (1995)
• Dodami and Tori Tori / 도담이와 토리토리 (1995)
• Duchi and Puku / 두치와 뿌꾸 (1996)
• Cute Chocomi / 귀여운 쪼꼬미 (1996)
• Soul Frame Lazenca / 영혼기병 라젠카 (1997)
• The Green Chariot Hamos / 녹색전차 해모수 (1997)
• Bio-Cop Wingo / 바이오캅 윙고 (1998)
• Speed King Bungae / 스피드왕 번개 (1998)
• Black Rubber Shoes / 검정 고무신 (1999, 2001, 2004, 2015)
• Restol, The Special Rescue Squad / 레스톨 특수구조대 (1999)
• Milo's Adventure / 마일로의 대모험 (1999)
• Taekwon King Kang Tae-Pung / 태권왕 강태풍 (2000)
• Pikapo Friends / 삐까뽀 친구들 (2000)
• Track City / 트랙시티 (2000)
• White Heart Beakgu / 하얀마음 백구 (2000)
• Teanggu and Ulasyong / 탱구와 울라숑 (2001)
• Unimini Pets / 유니미니펫 (2001)
• The Legend of Rexa / 레카 (2001)
• BASToF Syndrome / 바스토프 레몬 (2001)
• Gifighter Taerang / 기파이터 태랑 (2001)
• Geisters / 가이스터즈 (2001)
• Olympus Guardian / 올림포스 가디언 (2002)
• The Legend Of Blue / 바다의 전설 장보고 (2002)
• Space Hip-hop Duck / 스페이스 힙합덕 (2002)
• My Friend Cubix / 내 친구 큐빅스 (2002)
• Pororo the Little Penguin / 뽀롱뽀롱 뽀로로 (2003)
• Spheres / 스피어즈 (2003)
• Guardian Fairy Michel / 수호요정 미셸 (2003)
• Hey Yo Yorang / 요��아 요랑아 (2003)
• Woobi Boy / 내 친구 우비소년 (2003)
• Narong, Fly To The Sky / 뚜루뚜루뚜 나롱이 (2004)
• Mix Master / 카드왕 믹스마스터 (2005)
• Maskman / 마스크맨 (2005)
• Jaedong, Let's Go To School / 재동아 학교가자 (2005)
• Jang Geum's Dream / 장금이의 꿈 (2005, 2007)
• Tori GO! GO! / 토리 고! 고! (2006)
• Dibo, The Gift Dragon / 선물공룡 디보 (2006)
• Kungya Kungya / 쿵야쿵야 (2006)
• Iron Kid / 아이언키드 (2006)
• Crystal Fairy Z-Squad / 크리스탈 요정 지스쿼드 (2006)
• Revbahaf Kingdom Rebuilding Story / 르브바하프 왕국 재건설기 (2007)
• Doyajibong / 도야지봉 (2007)
• Crazy Park / 다오 배찌 붐힐 대소동 (2007)
• Chiro and Friends / 치로와 친구들 (2007)
• Tai Chi Chasers / 태극천자문 (2007)
• Cocomong / 코코몽 (2008)
• Petit Petit Muse / 쁘띠쁘띠 뮤즈 (2008)
• NEW Dooly the Little Dinosaur / 뉴 아기공룡 둘리 (2008)
• Giga Tribe / 기가 트라이브 (2009)
• Greensaver / 그린세이버 (2009)
• Element Hunters / 엘리먼트 헌터 (2009)
• Rolling Stars / 롤링 스타즈 (2009)
• YooHoo & Friends / 유후와 친구들 (2009)
• My Friend Haechi / 내 친구 해치 (2010)
• Tayo the Little Bus / 꼬마버스 타요 (2010)
• Tobot / 변신 자동차 또봇 (2010)
• Cloud Bread / 구름빵 (2010)
• Canimals / 캐니멀 (2011)
• Robocar Poli / 로보카 폴리 (2011)
• The Story of Miho / 미호이야기 (2011)
• Cheap Cheonllima Mart / 쌉니다 천리마마트 (2011)
• Hello Jadoo / 안녕 자두야 (2011)
• Larva / 라바 (2011)
• Welcome to Convenience Store / 와라 편의점 (2012)
• The Airport Diary / 두리둥실 뭉게공항 (2012)
• NEW Wizard Boy Mutterl / 신 머털도사 (2012)
• Secret Jouju / 시크릿 쥬쥬 (2012)
• Tickety Toc / 시계마을 티키톡! (2012)
• Don't Let Go of the Mental Rope / 놓지마 정신줄 (2014)
• Towards Astar Chagu Chagu / 아스타를 향해 차구차구 (2014)
• Spookiz / 스푸키즈 (2014)
• Hello Carbot / 헬로 카봇 (2014)
• Miniforce / 미니특공대 (2014)
• Turning Mecard / 터닝메카드 (2015)
• Princess Pring in the Birthday Kingdom / 생일왕국의 프린세스 프링 (2015)
• Zombiedumb / 좀비덤 (2015)
• The Haunted House / 신비아파트 (2016) (CJ ENM, Tooniverse)
• DinoCore / 다이노코어 (2016)
• Papadog / 파파독 (2016)
• Telemonster / 텔레몬스터 (2016)
• Flowering Heart / 플라워링 하트 (2016)
• Shining Star / 샤이닝스타 (2017)
• Banzi's Secret Diary / 반지의 비밀일기 (2017)
• Dinosaur Mecard / 공룡메카드 (2017)
• Running Man / 런닝맨 (2017, 2019)
• AEROVER / 에어로버 (2018)
• Pasha Mecard / 빠샤메카드 (2018)
• Pucca: Love Recipe / 뿌까 (2018)
• Semi in the Magic Cube / 세미와 매직큐브 (2018)
• Bread Barbershop / 브레드 이발소 (2019)
• Catch! Tennieping / 캐치! 티니핑 (2020)
• Hero Circle / 히어로 써클 (2020)
• Baby Shark's Big Show! / 아기상어: 올리와 윌리엄 (2020)
• Battle Marvelians (Pilot) / 배틀 마블리언즈 (2021)
• Nano List / 나노리스트 (2022)
• Toemarok / 퇴마록 (2022)

Web Animations[]

• Pucca web animated series (2000)
• Clover 4/3 / 클로버 4/3 (2000)
• There She Is!! / 떳다 그녀!! (2003-2008)
• Welcome to Convenience Store the Animation / 와라 편의점 the animation (2009)
• Lee Daero Are you alright? / 이대로 괜찮은 걸까? (2016)
• Elsword: El Lady / 엘소드: 엘의 여인 (2016)
• Noblesse: Awakening / 노블레스: Awakening (2016)
• Closers: SIDE BLACKLAMBS / 클로저스 (2016)
• Hyperventilation / 과호흡 (2017) - The first Korean BL web animated series
• A day before us / 연애하루전 (2018)
• Unbelievable Space Love / 언빌리버블 스페이스 러브 (2018)
• The Sound of Heart / 마음의 소리 (2018)
• Tales of the Unusual / 기기괴괴 (2019)
• Bagel Girl / 어느 날 잠에서 깨어보니 베이글녀가 되어 있었다 (2019)
• PSYCHO NYANYA / 사소한 냐냐 (2019)
• Super Secret / 슈퍼 시크릿 (2020) (Laftel, Studio Shelter)
• Mignon / 민용 (2021)
• Semantic Error Special / 시맨틱 에러 스페셜 (2021) (Laftel)
• The Summer / 그 여름 (2021) (Laftel, ) - Based on a queer novel of the same name

OVA[]

• Dooly's Backpacking / 둘리의 배낭여행 (1995)
• Noodle-Nude / 누들누드 (1998)
• Ghost Messenger / 고스트 메신저 (2011)
• Nobless OVA / 노블레스 OVA: 파멸의 시작 (2015)
• The Haunted House OVA / 신비아파트 특별판: 빛의 뱀파이어와 어둠의 아이 (2021)

Movies[]

• A Story of Hong Gil Dong / 풍운아 홍길동 (1967)
• Hopy and Chadol Bawi / 호피와 차돌바위 (1967)
• Heungbu and Nolbu / 흥부와 놀부 (1967)
• Hwanggeum Cheolin / 황금철인 (1968)
• Sonokong / 손오공 (1968)
• Black Star and Golden Bat / 검은 별과 황금박쥐 (1968)
• General Hong Gil Dong / 홍길동 장군 (1969)
• Treasure Island / 보물섬 (1969)
• Taekwon Dongja Maruchi and Arachi / 태권동자 마루치 아라치 (1976)
• Robot Taekwon V / 로보트 태권브이 (1976)
• General Ttoli / 똘이장군 (1978) - South Korea's first anti-communist animated film. Since this animated film became popular with Korean children, numerous anti-communist animated films have been produced in South Korea. However, the film is also criticized for its explicit portrayal of violence and political messages.
• Adventure of Headol / 해돌이 대모험 (1982)
• My Name is Dokgo Tak / 내 이름은 독고탁 (1984)
• My Beautiful Girl, Mari / 마리이야기 (2002)
• Aachi & Ssipak / 아치와 씨팍 (2006)
• Yobi, The Five-Tailed Fox / 천년여우 여우비 (2007)
• The King of Pigs / 돼지의 왕 (2011)
• Leafie, A Hen into the Wild / 마당을 나온 암탉 (2011)
• Green Days (2012)
• Swimming to Sea / 파닥파닥 (2012)
• The Satellite Girl and Milk Cow / 우리별 일호와 얼룩소 (2014)
• Timing / 타이밍 (2015)
• Lost in the Moonlight / 달빛궁궐 (2016)
• Seoul Station / 서울역 (2016)
• Underdog / 언더독 (2018)
• Bad Boss / 나쁜 상사 (2018)
• Red Shoes and the Seven Dwarfs / 레드슈즈 (2019)
• Beauty Water / 기기괴괴 - 성형수 (2020)

See also[]

• North Korean animation
• Anime
• Cinema of Korea
• Chinese animation
• Manhwa
• Taiwanese animation
• Video gaming in South Korea
• Webtoon

References[]

External links[]

• History of Korean animation
• History of robot anime of South Korea　(in Japanese, with images & video clip)
• Korean animated movie posters
• Fanzine article listing RDK outsourced cartoons