Streptophyta

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Streptophyta
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
(unranked):	Diaphoretickes
(unranked):	Archaeplastida
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Streptophyta Jeffrey 1967,[1] sensu Leliaert et al. 2012
Subdivisions
Klebsormidiophyceae Phragmoplastophyta Charophyceae Coleochaetophyceae Zygnematophyceae Embryophyta
Synonyms
Anthocerophyta Sluiman 1985[2] Charophyta Migula 1897 sensu Lewis & McCourt 2004; Karol et al. 2009 Streptobionta Kenrick & Crane 1997

Streptophyta (/strɛpˈtɒfɪtə, ˈstrɛptoʊfaɪtə/), informally the streptophytes (/ˈstrɛptəfaɪts/, from the Greek strepto 'twisted', for the morphology of the sperm of some members), is a clade of plants. The composition of the clade varies considerably between authors, but the definition employed here includes land plants and all green algae except the Chlorophyta and possibly the more basal Mesostigmatophyceae, Chlorokybophyceae, and Spirotaenia.^[3]

Classifications[]

The composition of the Streptophyta and similar groups (Streptophytina, Charophyta) varies in each classification.^{[4][citation needed]} Some authors are more restrictive, including only the Charales and Embryophyta (e.g., Streptophyta Jeffrey 1967; Adl et al. 2012, Streptophytina Lewis & McCourt 2004), others include more groups (e.g., Charophyta Lewis & McCourt 2004; Karol et al. 2009; Adl et al. 2012, Streptophyta Bremer, 1985; de Reviers 2002; Leliaert et al. 2012, Streptobionta Kenrick & Crane 1997; some authors use this broader definition, but exclude the Embryophyta, e.g., Charophyta Cavalier-Smith 1993;^[5] Leliaert et al. 2012, Charophyceae Mattox & Stewart, 1984, Streptophycophytes de Reviers, 2002).

These earlier classifications have not taken into account that the Coleochaetophyceae and the Zygnemophyceae appear to have emerged in the Charophyceae + Embryophyta clade, resulting in the synonymy of the Phragmoplastophyta and Streptophytina/Streptophyta sensu stricto (a.k.a. Adl 2012) nomenclature.^[6]

Jeffrey, 1967[]

• Streptophyta
  • Charales
  • Embryophyta

Lewis & McCourt 2004[]

• Division Charophyta (charophyte algae and embryophytes)
  • Class Mesostigmatophyceae (mesostigmatophytes)
  • Class Chlorokybophyceae (chlorokybophytes)
  • Class Klebsormidiophyceae (klebsormidiophytes)
  • Class Zygnemophyceae (conjugates)
    • Order Zygnematales (filamentous conjugates and saccoderm desmids)
    • Order Desmidiales (placoderm desmids)
  • Class Coleochaetophyceae (coleochaetophytes)
    • Order Coleochaetales
  • Subdivision Streptophytina
    • Class Charophyceae (same as the Smith system, 1938)
      • Order Charales (charophytes sensu stricto)
    • Class Embryophyceae (embryophytes)

Leliaert et al. 2012[]

• Streptophyta
  • charophytes
    • Mesostigmatophyceae
    • Chlorokybophyceae
    • Klebsormidiophyceae
    • Charophyceae
    • Zygnematophyceae
    • Coleochaetophyceae
  • Embryophyta (land plants)

Adl et al. 2012[]

• Archaeplastida Adl et al. 2005
  • Chloroplastida Adl et al. 2005 (Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith 1981)
    • Chlorophyta Pascher 1914, emend. Lewis & McCourt 2004
    • Charophyta Migula 1897, emend. Karol et al. 2009 (Charophyceae Smith 1938, Mattox & Stewart 1984)
      • Chlorokybus Geitler 1942
      • Mesostigma Lauterborn 1894
      • Klebsormidiophyceae van den Hoek et al. 1995
      • Phragmoplastophyta Lecointre & Guyander 2006
        • Zygnematophyceae van den Hoek et al. 1995, emend. Hall et al. 2009
        • Coleochaetophyceae Jeffrey 1982
        • Streptophyta Jeffrey 1967
          • Charophyceae Smith 1938, emend. Karol et al. 2009 (Charales Lindley 1836; Charophytae Engler 1887)
          • Embryophyta Engler 1886, emend. Lewis & McCourt 2004 (Cormophyta Endlicher 1836; Plantae Haeckel 1866)

Adl et al. 2019[]

• Archaeplastida Adl et al. 2005
  • Chloroplastida Adl et al. 2005 (Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith 1981)
    • Phylum Streptophyta [Charophyta]
      • Chlorokybus atmophyticus
      • Mesostigma viridae
      • Family Klebsomidiophyceae
      • Class Phragmoplastophyta
        • Family Zygnemataceae
        • Order Coleochaetophyceae
        • Family Characeae
        • Kingdom Embryophyta

Please note the taxonomic name system inconsistency of the Kingdom in Class classification.^[7]

Phylogeny[]

Below is a reconstruction of Streptophyta relationships, based on molecular and morphological data.^[8][9][10]

References[]

• Bremer, K. (1985) Summary of green plant phylogeny and classification. Cladistics 1:369-385.
• Lewis L.A.; McCourt R.M. (October 2004). "Green algae and the origin of land plants". American Journal of Botany. 91 (10): 1535–1556. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535. PMID 21652308.
• Adl, S.M.; Simpson, A.G.B.; Lane, C.E.; Lukeš, J.; Bass, D.; Bowser, S.S.; Brown, M.W.; Burki, F.; Dunthorn, M.; Hampl, V.; Heiss, A.; Hoppenrath, M.; Lara, E.; le Gall, L.; Lynn, D.H.; McManus, H.; Mitchell, E.A.D.; Mozley-Stanridge, S.E.; Parfrey, L.W.; Pawlowski, J.; Rueckert, S.; Shadwick, L.; Schoch, C.L.; Smirnov, A.; Spiegel, F.W. (September 2012), "The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes", Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 59 (5): 429–514, doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x, PMC 3483872, PMID 23020233

External links[]

• The plant tree of life: an overview and some points of view
• The closest land plants relatives

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